There are two distinct forms of Newton’s second law of motion (1686) i.e. original or Principia’s form of (change in motion is proportional to impressed force, F = KdV) and textbook form (rate of ...change of momentum is proportional to impressed force, F =ma). Newton neither gave acceleration nor F =ma, it is mentioned by IOP England, publications of the American Institute of Physics, etc. Truesdell has inconsistently pointed out in 1960 that Euler had given F =ma in 1752, but the truth is that Euler had given F=2ma in the said paper. Euler had also given various equations such as F =ma/n, F =2ma, F =ma/2g, F =ma etc.; but these are ignored by Truesdell. The exceptionally useful equation F =ma was given by Euler in 1775, and then succeeding scientists inconsistently tried to show that F =ma follows from the original form of the law. Consequently, some arbitrary assumptions are made, original form, F =KdV; and the fact that Euler gave F =ma are not mentioned in the standard textbooks. For comparison, Newton’s first law and third law (Reaction =-Action) are the same in the Principia and textbooks. In the existing literature, F =ma is obtained from Principia’s definition of NSLM, by replacing ‘change in motion’ equal to ‘rate of change of momentum’, but motion is not ascribed to any units and dimensions. If the original definition of Newton’s law is changed in a postulatory way i.e. ‘change in motion’ is replaced by ‘rate of change in momentum’ and ‘proportionality’ by ‘equality’; then F=ma is obtained from a modified equation without any arbitrary assumption. In 1893, Rouse Ball randomly altered Newton’s second law as a change in momentum per unit time is always proportional to the impressed force.
Hydroxychloroquine is associated with myriad adverse dermatologic effects, most of which are poorly characterized by the literature, with unknown frequencies and risk factors.
To conduct a systematic ...review of the adverse dermatologic effects and predisposing factors of hydroxychloroquine toxicity.
The review included 94 articles comprising 689 dermatologic adverse effects. A total of 21 unique dermatologic reactions were reported, most commonly drug eruption or rash (358 cases), cutaneous hyperpigmentation (116), pruritus (62), acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (27), Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (26), hair loss (12), and stomatitis (11). Almost all underlying conditions were rheumatologic or autoimmune in nature, composed primarily of lupus erythematous (72% of all cases) and rheumatoid arthritis (14%). The range of reported mean cumulative dosages was wide, with some adverse reactions found after as little as 3 g or as much as 2500 g.
Dermatologic adverse events and primary diagnoses related to the use of hydroxychloroquine may be under-reported as only case reports and clinical trials that reported at least 1 dermatologic adverse effect were included.
Although hydroxychloroquine is generally well tolerated, dermatologic adverse effects involving the skin, hair, or nails are a frequent and significant complication. Most of these reactions occurred after treatment of autoimmune conditions, often manifesting on the skin after a wide range of cumulative dosages.
•Existing solutions to job shop scheduling problem (JSSP) are presented.•A variant of ABC algorithm inspired from beer froth decay phenomenon is developed.•The proposed variant is named as Beer froth ...artificial bee colony (BeFABC) algorithm.•A discrete strategy of BeFABC is developed to solve 62 benchmark instances of JSSP.•The performance of BeFABC is evaluated while solving JSSP.
Job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is a vital combinatorial optimization problem in the field of machine scheduling. The high complexity of JSSP is attracting researchers since the past few decades and many swarm intelligence (SI) based algorithms have been presented to solve it. Artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) has been proven to be an efficient technique in the field of SI based algorithms. ABC algorithm is attracting researchers because of its performance available in literature in the area of solving real-world optimization problems. This article presents a modified ABC algorithm to solve JSSP. Here, in the onlooker bee phase of ABC, to maintain a proper harmony amid exploration and exploitation capabilities, beer froth phenomenon inspired position update is incorporated. The proposed strategy is named as Beer froth artificial bee colony algorithm (BeFABC). The BeFABC has been assessed on 25 benchmark test problems and compared with other state-of-art algorithms. Further, it is applied to solve 62 well-known instances of discrete JSSP. The obtained numerical results and statistical analysis depict that the proposed algorithm is competent in dealing with the discrete real-world JSSP.
Metal complexes have gradually been attracting interest from researchers worldwide as potential cancer therapeutics. Driven by the many side effects of the popular platinum-based anticancer drug ...cisplatin, the tireless endeavours of researchers have afforded strategies for the design of appropriate metal complexes with minimal side effects compared to cisplatin and its congeners to limit the unrestricted propagation of cancer. In this regard, transition metal complexes, especially rhenium-based complexes are being identified and highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body. This is attributed the amazing photophysical properties of rhenium complexes together with their ability to selectively attack different organelles in cancer cells. Therefore, this review presents the properties of different rhenium-based complexes to highlight their recent advances as anticancer agents based on their cytotoxicity results.
In this review, rhenium-based complexes are highlighted as promising cancer theranostics, which are endowed with the ability to detect and annihilate cancer cells in the body.
In this article, we propose a novel routing algorithm for wireless sensor network, which achieves uniform energy depletion across all the nodes and thus leading to prolonged network lifetime. The ...proposed algorithm, divides the Region of Interest into virtual zones, each having some designated cluster head nodes. In the entire process, a node can either be a part of a cluster or it may remain as an independent entity. A non-cluster member transmits its data to next hop node using
IRP-Intelligent Routing Process
(based on the trade-off between the residual energy of itself as well as its neighbor, and the required energy to transmit packets to its neighbor). If on the transmission path, some
cluster member
is elected as a next hop, it rejects
IRP
and transmits the packets to cluster head, which later forwards them to sink (adopting multihop communication among cluster heads). Routing is not solely performed using clusters, rather they aid the overall routing process, hence this protocol is named as Cluster Aided Multipath Routing (
CAMP
).
CAMP
has been compared with various sensor network routing protocols, viz., LEACH, PEGASIS, DIRECT TRANSMISSION, CEED, and CBMR. It is found that the proposed algorithm outperformed them in network lifetime, energy consumption and coverage ratio.
Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) has gained significant popularity among security and privacy researchers as well as users, because of its features such as reversibility, embedding ...capacity (EC), and security. To enlarge the EC while ensuring the complete reversibility and security, we propose a bit-plane based RDHEI method based on multi-level blocking with quad-tree. The proposed method uses median edge detector (MED) as well as difference predictor to transform the original input image into a low-magnitude difference matrix. The difference matrix is then encoded by first employing a novel quad-tree based bit-plane representation strategy to exploit the intra-bit plane correlation and subsequently by inter bit-plane redundancy mitigation strategy to exploit inter bit-plane level correlation, for significantly condensing their size. Thus, a bigger room is reserved inside the cover image for embedding, so that a large amount of secret data can be hidden while ensuring the complete reversibility of the image. Experimental results validate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.
Advances in various types of ruthenium complexes in the anticancer application based on their cytotoxicity profiles, cellular uptake, biological targets and mechanism of action were highlighted.
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•Cytotoselectivity is an important factor of an anticancer drug.•Cisplatin and its congeners exhibited low cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells.•Ruthenium based scaffolds have become a matter of keen interest to scientist due to their unique properties.•Herein, we have highlighted the advances in newly developed cytoselective ruthenium complexes.•Mechanism of action and cellular uptake of these complexes have also been discussed.
Due to these limitations of platinum-based drugs, it has now become a challenge for researchers to find out a potential scaffold furnished with indispensable properties like enhanced selectivity (less toxicity) and target specificity. In the past two decades, ruthenium-based scaffolds have become a matter of keen interest to scientist due to their unique properties. So, in this review, we have focused our attention in dealing with the advances in various types of ruthenium complexes in the anticancer application based on their cytotoxicity profiles, cellular uptake, biological targets and mechanism of action.
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•Cisplatin and its congeners exhibited low cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells.•Recently, iridium based complexes have been used as promising anticancer scaffolds.•In ...this review we summarize the recent advances on iridium complexes having significant cytoselectivity.•Mechanism of action of these newly developed iridium complexes has been highlighted.•The importance of iridium complexes for deep tissue imaging has also been represented.
The need to synthesize an effective anticancer drug with minimal side effects has been the aim and concern of the researchers around the world. Cytotoxicity and selectivity are the two important factors of an anticancer drug and the current clinically approved drugs such as cisplatin, oxaloplatin and carboplatin have low cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells. In the recent times, transition metal based scaffolds other than platinum have gained a lot of attention. In this regard, iridium based complexes have been promising anticancer scaffolds. In this review we summarize the recent advances in iridium complexes as anticancer agents based on their cytotoxicity results.
GFR and eGFR in Term-Born Neonates Filler, Guido; Sharma, Ajay P; Exantus, Judith
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,
07/2022, Letnik:
33, Številka:
7
Journal Article
