This study identified helminthic species among wild boars (
) in Primorsky Krai, Russia. In total, 66 fecal samples were taken from wild boars and examined using the floatation-sedimentation method ...to identify helminths eggs and protozoan cysts. Age and sex were estimated for each host animal investigated. The helminthic fauna of the wild boars examined involved six parasite genera, but 4 are helminths and 2 are protozoans: the nematodes
.,
,
. and
; and the protozoan parasites
sp. and
The most prevalent parasite was
spp. (13.6 %) followed by
(7.6 %).
The other parasites found were
sp. (3 %),
(3 %),
sp. (1.5 %) and
(1.5 %).
Not found positive correlation between the host’s age and sex and the parasite prevalence. This was the first detailed study on helminths infections among wild boars in Primorsky Krai.
In recent years, marine viruses have evolved into a distinct branch of virology, yet they still represent a sort of “dark matter,” and their role and significance in the evolution and functioning of ...Earth’s biosphere remain unclear. The widespread implementation of primerless sequencing methods in routine laboratory practice has streamlined the development of marine virology from initial observations of virus-like particles in seawater, once deemed exotic, to comprehensive generalizations that reshape our understanding of global problems in the World Ocean. These include the continuous depletion of biological resources and diversity, marine pollution, and global climate change. Nevertheless, in terms of virology, the World Ocean remains a true
aqua incognita
, and marine virology, as a subset of general virology, and marine biology are just at the initial stages of their development, standing on the threshold of new discoveries. Those discoveries have the potential to reveal fundamental processes in the origin and evolution of life on Earth, to accelerate the development of novel technologies, and even foster innovative approaches to reshaping the noosphere. The aim of this review is to draw scientific attention to the numerous problematic aspects of viruses in the World Ocean. The review covers the main topics such as the current taxonomy of marine viruses, their role in marine ecosystems, the presence of viruses in marine species and related diseases, and the role of marine viruses in the context of global climate change, focusing on unexplored area and on directions for future research studies.
One of the mechanisms underlying the appearance of chronic infections is transition of pathogens into a non-culturable state, which is largely associated with the use of antibiotics. We studied ...ultrastructure of dormant bacteria
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
obtained from the vegetative form of strain 512 by inhibition with kanamycin. On the model of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis we showed that transition of prokaryotes to a dormant state occurs through apoptosis of bacteria. Fragmentation and condensation of chromatin with the formation of electron-dense fibrils, clumps and large conglomerates characteristic of apoptosis were found in the nucleoid zone of the cytoplasm of inhibited bacterial cells. These results are of great importance for understanding the mechanisms of the existence of pathogens in different conditions, as well as for identifying the causative agents of infectious diseases.
The quinoid pigment echinochrome A isolated from the sea urchin
Scaphechinus mirabilis
, the product of its oxidation dehydroechinochrome, and structurally similar antiviral agent oxolin were tested ...for their ability to inhibit plaque formation induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Vero cells. The tested compounds showed significant anti-HSV-1 activity, mainly due to their direct effect on viral particles and on virus attachment to cells. The antiviral efficacy of the test compounds increased in the following order: oxolin→echinochrome A→dehydroechinochrome.
All bacterial strains studied retained the viability and ability to form both mono- and polycultural biofilms under conditions of long-term culturing in artificial seawater at 6°C and without ...addition of nutrients. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas japonica presumably stimulated the growth and reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Preserved cell viability in a monoculture biofilm for a long period without adding a food source can indicate allolysis. At the same time, in a polycultural biofilm, the metabolites secreted by saprotrophic strains can stimulate the growth of L. monocytogenes and Y. pseudotuberculosis.All bacterial strains studied retained the viability and ability to form both mono- and polycultural biofilms under conditions of long-term culturing in artificial seawater at 6°C and without addition of nutrients. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas japonica presumably stimulated the growth and reproduction of the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Preserved cell viability in a monoculture biofilm for a long period without adding a food source can indicate allolysis. At the same time, in a polycultural biofilm, the metabolites secreted by saprotrophic strains can stimulate the growth of L. monocytogenes and Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Intensive population interactions between components of plankton and virioplankton of the World Ocean have formed ancient and, at the same time, versatile mechanisms for protecting marine bacteria ...and archaea from the effects of ocean viruses on them. One of such mechanisms is exopolysaccharides, which are secreted by marine prokaryotes to interact with surface proteins of viral particles and prevent the binding of viral peplomers to receptors of potential target cells. Therefore, antiviral drugs with a wide spectrum of actions, exhibiting also the ability to modulate intercellular interactions, are found in large numbers among exopolysaccharides of marine bacteria. This review analyzes the modern views on exopolysaccharides of marine bacteria, their antiviral potential, and antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity. A brief description of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of such compounds is given and the main mechanisms of antiviral activity of the best-known representatives of this class of organic polymers are disclosed. Exopolysaccharides of marine bacteria are shown to be a promising and extremely rich source of antiviral medicinal substances.
PDF
