A printed monopole antenna for millimeter-wave applications in the 5G frequency region is described in this research. As a result, the proposed antenna resonates in three frequency bands that are ...designated for 5G communication systems, including 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz (V band). For the sake of compactness, the coplanar waveguide (CPW) method is used. The overall size of the proposed tri-band antenna is 4 mm × 3 mm × 0.25 mm. Using a watch strap and human tissue, such as skin, the proposed antenna gives steady results. At 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 60 GHz, the antenna’s gain is found to be 5.29 dB, 7.47 dB, and 9 dB, respectively. The overall simulated radiation efficiency is found to be 85% over the watch strap. Wearable devices are a great fit for the proposed tri-band antenna. The antenna prototype was built and tested in order to verify its performance. It can be observed that the simulated and measured results are in close contact. According to our comparative research, the proposed antenna is a good choice for smart 5G devices because of its small size and simple structure, as well as its high gain and radiation efficiency.
The present study proposes a new, highly efficient fractal antenna with ultra-wideband (UWB) characteristics. The proposed patch offers a wide simulated operating band that reaches 8.3 GHz, a ...simulated gain that varies between 2.47 and 7.73 dB throughout the operating range, and a high simulated efficiency that comes to 98% due to the modifications made to the antenna geometry. The modifications carried out on the antenna are composed of several stages, a circular ring extracted from a circular antenna in which four rings are integrated and, in each ring, four other rings are integrated with a reduction factor of 3/8. To further improve the adaptation of the antenna, a modification of the shape of the ground plane is carried out. In order to test the simulation results, the prototype of the suggested patch was built and tested. The measurement results validate the suggested dual ultra-wideband antenna design approach, which demonstrates good compliance with the simulation. From the measured results, the suggested antenna with a compact volume of 40 × 24.5 × 1.6 mm
asserts ultra-wideband operation with a measured impedance bandwidth of 7.33 GHz. A high measured efficiency of 92% and a measured gain of 6.52 dB is also achieved. The suggested UWB can effectively cover several wireless applications such as WLAN, WiMAX, and C and X bands.
In this article, a compact printed monopole dual-band antenna using artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-plane with improved gain and broader bandwidth, applicable for off-body internet of things ...(IoT) devices is presented. The monopole antenna consists of two C-shaped resonators connected through a U-shaped monopole, parasitic elements, discrete ground circular rings and a co-planar waveguide (CPW) feedline. Each artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cell consists of a slotted circular and a square stubs, designed with two zero-crossing phases for improving the radiation characteristics and to achieve the high gain. The overall size of the proposed AMC-backed antenna is 44.4 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times44.4 </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times1.6 </tex-math></inline-formula> mm with electrical dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.75\lambda _{g}\,\,\times \,\,0.75\lambda _{g}\,\,\times \,\,0.027\lambda _{g} </tex-math></inline-formula>. This AMC-backed antenna featured measured bandwidths of 9.6% and 12.4% with improved measured gain values of 4.88 dB and 4.73 dB at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values are analysed and found to be 1.58 W/kg at 2.45 GHz and 0.9 W/kg at 5.8 GHz. Therefore, the proposed AMC-backed antenna is useful for off-body IoT devices operating at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications.
•This paper presents Hybridization of Multiverse Optimizer with Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) to form Hybrid Multiverse Optimizer (HMVO)•HMVO has been applied on non-convex economic dispatch ...problem•The effectiveness of HMVO has been verified on four different ED problems.•It is found that HMVO based approach can provide better solution of ED problem.
Economic Dispatch (ED) is one of the important problems among numerous vital operational problems of power economics. ED is a non-convex, non-drivable, and non-linear optimization issue along with diverse constraints. In this research work, a neoteric natural influential optimization tool Multi-verse Optimizer (MVO) hybridized with sequential quadratic programming (SQP) termed as Hybrid MVO (MVO-SQP) is proposed for the solution of multi-constrained ED problem. This contemporary effort contemplates on ED problem in the milieu of convergence features, numerical proficiency, and stoutness.The non-convex ED problem is encrypted at Hybrid Multi-verse Optimizer (HMVO) framework and employed in MATLAB for 30 trials, 300 iterations, and 30 exploration universes. The presented mechanism is verified on typical standard test systems comprising of 6, 13, 15, and 40 unit test systems, and experimental outcomes are juxtaposed with the reported approaches in the literature. The statistical analysis shows that the proposed approach saves 2.927 $/h for 6 units test system, 9.0618 $/h for 13 units test system, 1.831 $/h for 15 units test system, and 113.515 $/hr for 40 units test system with losses. It is envisioned that this work will equip the researchers with an improved tool to solve ED problem.
A compact dual-band metamaterial-based planar patch antenna on a semi-flexible substrate is analyzed in this article. The design, printed on a Rogers substrate, having a thickness of 3.04 mm and the ...overall dimension is 70.4 × 76.14 × 3.11mm
3
(0.37λ
0
× 0.40λ
0
× 0.016λ
0
), where λ
0
= 190 mm at
f
L
= 1.575 GHz. The design equations are presented for both GNSS (global navigation satellite system) L1/E1 lower band and the upper i.e., 2.45 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band. Furthermore, CSRR (complementary split-ring resonator) responsible for the CP (circularly polarized) behavior of the antenna at the lower band is explained using an equivalent circuit model. The proposed equivalent model contains two parallel RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuits connected in series with one capacitor. To describe its functionality in bending conditions, the antenna is simulated at different bending radii. SAR (Specific absorption rate) of the antenna is evaluated on a voxel human model to check its functionality at different distances from the model. The maximum averaged SAR is found to be 0.381 W/kg at 5 mm from the voxel model. This value is well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
(
ICNIRP) limit of 2 W/kg averaged over 10 g of human tissue for European countries. The antenna is compared with the literature to show its compactness and superior performance as compared to other already reported designs.
Carrier frequency offsets (CFO) is a well known impairment that destroys the orthogonality amongst subcarriers in multi-input multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) ...systems, and the resulting inter-carrier interference significantly degrades the performance of such systems. This paper proposes the CFO robust blind receivers for MIMO-OFDM systems based on parallel profiles with linear dependencies (PARALIND) factorizations. First, we model MIMO-OFDM signal in the presence of CFO to satisfy the PARALIND model, where the symbols, the CFO, and the MIMO channel matrices can be viewed as three independent factor matrices. Such a hybrid tensorial modeling enables a blind and joint estimation of symbols and CFO. Then, in order to improve the fitting precision of the PARALIND model, we introduce two algorithms for fitting the PARALIND model. The first one, called delta alternating least squares (DALS) algorithm, where we predict coarsely by exploiting the increment values between two iterations of the factor matrices, refine these predictions by using the enhanced line search and use these refined values to initialize factor matrices, this procedure helps us avoid the random initialization found in the traditional ALS algorithm. The second one, called orthogonal DALS (ODALS) algorithm that uses the solution of orthogonal constraint for the DALS algorithm to provide the initialization for one more factor matrix. The performance of proposed receivers is illustrated by means of simulation results, and a comparison is made with other approaches that allow to estimate symbols and CFO in two separated steps. Beside a robust to CFO characteristics, our approach gives a better BER performance than other compared blind approaches.
The notion of a compressed size wearable flexible antenna for off-body links for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is presented in this study. This proposed antenna resonates at ...24.125GHz in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The proposed antenna is a monopole antenna mounted on a Roger substrate with a modified ground that compresses the antenna profile. The ISM band was chosen because of its flexibility in terms of large bandwidth and modest antenna size. This antenna's key feature is its tiny size and flexibility, which makes it ideal for off-body transmission. The Rogers RO3010 is utilized as a substrate with dimensions of (8×6×0.12) mm 3 and a loss tangent of 0.0022. When an antenna is placed near a human body, its performance, such as S11 and bandwidth, is reduced, and the results show that the compressed size antenna has a negligible influence when compared to rectangular antennas. This antenna has been shrunk and built for use in off-body communications. Furthermore, we will aim to improve the proposed antenna's gain and bandwidth, as well as the return loss when it is near a real phantom.
To study mental and physical health of pregnant women and compare the differences between those residing in urban and rural settings.
A Cross-Sectional Survey was conducted on pregnant women (n=179) ...in urban and rural areas of Islamabad in January 2009. SF-12, a validated instrument for mental and physical health assessment was used and translated into Urdu. Responses were decoded as per SF-12 analysis protocol. Independent sample t-test was done to compare the quantitative variables. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05. The survey was filled either by the participant or the research team and was anonymous. All the researchers were trained in the interview technique in order to make sure that each question carried the same meaning during the actual survey. This was done to standardize the survey methodology.
A total of 179 survey forms were collected, 83 and 96 from both rural and urban areas respectively. Role Limitations because of Physical Problems (p=0.020), General Health Perceptions (p=0.001) and Role Limitations because of Emotional Problems (p=0.023) had statistically significantly lower scores in rural women as compared to urban women.
Self-perceived mental and physical health was better in urban pregnant women than in rural women.
Currently, uninterrupted charging of Electric Vehicle (EV) is not possible due to grid overloading during day-time. The interruptions during charging causes uncertainty for users. This work proposes ...a solution to this vehicle charging problem by introducing a combination of Energy Storage Unit (ESU) and Photovoltaic (PV) panel charging along with the grid. The proposed solution is efficient in providing charging for EVs without any interruption in an office parking scenario. The important benefit of the proposed system is the rapid fulfillment of the charging demand of all EVs in parallel to lessening the added grid burden. The control algorithm is designed according to deterministic rule-based schemes. The proposed work is valid for the areas where parity level has already been reached. The efficacy of the proposed technique is evaluated under different charging situations using Matlab simulations. The results show that all connected EVs are charged fully without interruption. Moreover, the simulation results prove that EV charging using the proposed system lowers the added burden from the grid up to 98.6%. This work is envisioned to offer stimulating research prospects in the area of vehicle charging using grid-connected renewable sources.
A Dual-band Dual Mode Antenna for On/Off-Body Communications Ahmad, Sarosh; Paracha, Kashif Nisar; Sheikh, Yawar Ali ...
2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI),
2021-Dec.-4
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents a dual mode antenna for on and off body wireless communication in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The proposed design resonates in ISM band at two different ...frequencies i.e., 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The radiation pattern of the antenna is omnidirectional at the lower frequency band and directional at the higher frequency band. The influence of the human tissues on the performance of the antenna such as S 11 and the bandwidth of the antenna is minimized by creating a large ground plane on the second layer of the substrate. The overall size of the antenna is 44\text{mm}\times 44\text{mm}\times 1.6\text{mm} . To investigate the effect of the antenna on the human body, tissue layers have been utilized at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The results show that the proposed antenna is stable under the proximity of human tissues and it features a perfect candidate for on and off-body communication.
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