The structural, magnetic and martensitic transition properties are systematically investigated for Ni sub(50)Mn sub(36-x)Co sub(x)Sn sub(14) (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) alloys. X-ray diffraction reveals ...that all the compounds are in the cubic phase with the L2 sub(1)-type Heusler structure at room temperature. Temperature dependent magnetization indicates that the Curie temperatures of austenitic phases are almost unchanged with the substitution of Co for Mn. However, the martensitic transition temperatures firstly increase and then decrease with Co content increasing, which is different from the general dependency on the value of valence electrons per atom (e/a). The reason could be that the main driving force of martensitic transition for Ni sub(50)Mn sub(36-x)CO sub(2)Sn sub(14) is the hybridization between Ni and excess Mn rather than the value of e/a. Due to the strong coupling between magnetism and structure, Ni sub(50)Mn sub(34)Co sub( 2)Sn sub(14) exhibits a large magnetocaloric effect, thereby making it a good candidate for magnetic refrigeration materials.
The structural, magnetic and martensitic transition properties are systematically investigated for Ni sub(50)Mn sub(36) sub(-) sub(x)Co sub(x)Sn sub(14) (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) alloys. X-ray diffraction ...reveals that all the compounds are in the cubic phase with the L2 sub(1)-type Heusler structure at room temperature. Temperature dependent magnetization indicates that the Curie temperatures of austenitic phases are almost unchanged with the substitution of Co for Mn. However, the martensitic transition temperatures firstly increase and then decrease with Co content increasing, which is different from the general dependency on the value of valence electrons per atom (e/a). The reason could be that the main driving force of martensitic transition for Ni sub(50)Mn sub(36) sub(-) sub(x)Co sub(x)Sn sub(14) is the hybridization between Ni and excess Mn rather than the value of e/a. Due to the strong coupling between magnetism and structure, Ni sub(50)Mn sub(34)Co sub(2)Sn sub(14) exhibits a large magnetocaloric effect, thereby making it a good candidate for magnetic refrigeration materials.
The effects of introducing Ce and C atoms on the Curie temperature (T sub(C), the magnetic entropy change (deltaS) sub(M)) and the hysteresis loss have been investigated in the NaZn sub(13-type LaFe) ...sub(1)1.5Si sub(1.5 compound. Partial replacement of La with Ce leads to a decrease in T) sub(C) and an increase in deltaS sub(M; however, the introduction of interstitial C atoms can adjust T) sub(C) to high temperature. The itinerant-electron metamagnetic transition is weakened after carbonization, which results in a reduction of both the hysteresis loss and magnetocaloric effect (MCE). The maximum value of deltaS sub(M for La) sub(0).8Ce sub(0.2Fe) sub(1)1.5Si sub(1.5C) sub(0).2 is found to be -28 J/kg K at T sub(C=207 K with an effective refrigeration capacity of 420 J/kg for a field change from 0 to 5 T. Our study reveals that the enhancements of both T) sub(C) and MCEs can be achieved simultaneously in the La sub(1-xCe) sub(x)Fe sub(11.5Si) sub(1).5C sub(y compounds by adjusting the concentrations of Ce and C atoms appropriately.)
Magnetic properties and magnetic entropy change Δ
S were investigated in Heusler alloy Ni
43Mn
43Co
3Sn
11. With decreasing temperature this alloy undergoes a martensitic structural transition at
T
...M=188
K. The incorporation of Co atoms enhances ferromagnetic exchange for parent phases. Austenitic phase with cubic structure shows strong ferromagnetic behaviors with Curie temperature
T
C
A at 346
K, while martensitic phase shows weak ferromagnetic properties. An external magnetic field can shift
T
M to a lower temperature at a rate of 4.4
K/T, and a field-induced structural transition from martensitic to austenitic state takes place at temperatures near but below
T
M. As a result, a great magnetic entropy change with positive sign appears. The size of Δ
S reaches 33
J/kg
K under 5
T magnetic field. More important is that the Δ
S displays a table-like peak under 5
T, which is favorable for Ericsson-type refrigerators.
Effects of chemical etching and thickness on the transport property of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films are experimentally studied. Chemical etching produces a decrease of the metal-insulator transition from Tp ...= 263 to 235 K in addition to increasing the overall resistance of the film. Further etching does not change Tp while leads to a new resistive transitions at #~150 K. In contrast, film thickness influences the resistive behavior of the films strongly below 40 nm, resulting in a sharp drop of Tp and a steep increase of the resistivity with the decrease of thickness. Reducing film thickness and chemical etching produce similar effects except for that the latter thins the film unevenly, which causes the occurrence of multi-resistive transitions. No visible effects associated with the enhanced surface roughness due to chemical etching are observed.
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have become an extremely popular implementation technology for custom hardware because they offer a combination of low cost and very fast turnaround. Because of ...their in-system reconfigurability, FPGAs have also been suggested as an efficient replacement for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and digital signal processors (DSPs) for applications that require a combination of high performance, low cost, and flexibility. Unfortunately, the use of FPGAs in mobile embedded systems platforms is hampered by the very large overhead of FPGA-based architectures. Coarse-grained configurable architectures can reduce this overhead substantially by taking advantage of the application domain to specialize the reconfigurable architecture via coarse-grained components and interconnects. This paper presents the design and implementation of an OFDM receiver in the RaPiD reconfigurable architecture as a case study for comparing the relative cost and performance of ASIC, DSP, FPGA, and coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures. RaPiD is a coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture specialized to the domain of signal and image processing. The RaPiD architecture provides a reconfigurable pipelined datapath controlled by efficient reconfigurable control logic: We have implemented the computationally intensive parts of an OFDM receiver on the RaPiD architecture and have developed careful estimates of corresponding implementations in representative ASIC, DSP and FPGA technology. Our results show that, for this application, RaPiD fills the cost/performance gap between programmable DSP and ASIC architectures, achieving a factor of 6 better than a DSP implementation but a factor of 6 less than an ASIC implementation.
Abstract
Background
We previously created and validated a clinical decision support tool (CDST) for predicting response to vedolizumab (VDZ) in Crohn’s disease (CD). We now aim to further validate ...this tool in an additional CD cohort and assess its performance for predicting other health outcomes.
Methods
Using GEMINI II data, we explored correlations between VDZ exposure and onset of action across CDST-predicted probability of response groups (low, intermediate, high). The operating properties of the CDST for prediction of clinical remission and onset of action in the GETAID VDZ cohort were evaluated. In the GETAID and VICTORY cohorts, response to dose optimisation was assessed, and in the VICTORY cohort, we assessed the ability of the CDST to predict risk of surgery while on active therapy.
Results
A linear relationship was observed between CDST-predicted probability of response groups, VDZ exposure, onset of action, and efficacy in the GEMINI cohort for Week 2 through Week 52 (p < 0.001). In the GETAID cohort, the CDST predicted clinical remission at Week 14 (AUC 0.68), and a significant difference in speed of onset of action was observed between low- and intermediate–high-probability groups (p = 0.04). In both the GETAID and VICTORY cohorts, only patients in the low-probability group significantly benefited from shortening of VDZ intervals to Q4 weeks for non-response. In the GETAID cohort, a single infusion at Week 10 for patients in the low-probability group overcame differences in speed of onset of action seen between this group and the intermediate–high-probability group. In the VICTORY cohort, the CDST predicted a 2-fold increase in risk for surgery over 12 months of VDZ therapy among low–intermediate-probability patients compared with high-probability patients (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.33–3.21).
Conclusions
The CD VDZ CDST demonstrated good performance during external validation in the GETAID cohort. This tool was able to prognosticate VDZ exposure-efficacy relationships and speed of onset of action, identify patients who would most benefit from interval shortening for lack of response, and stratify patients at greatest risk for surgery while on active therapy.
PDF