The Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-like superfamily with TPR conserved domains is widely involved in the growth and abiotic stress in many plants. In this report, the gene MdTPR16 belongs to the TPR ...family in apple (Malus domestica). Promoter analysis reveal that MdTPR16 incorporated various stress response elements, including the drought stress response elements. And different abiotic stress treatments, drought especially, significantly induce the response of MdTPR16. Overexpression of MdTPR16 result in better drought tolerance in apple and Arabidopsis by up-regulating the expression levels of drought stress-related genes, achieving a higher chlorophyll content level, more material accumulation, and overall better growth compared to WT in the drought. Under drought stress, the overexpressed MdTPR16 also mitigate the oxidative damage in cells by reducing the electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde content, and the H2O2 and O2− accumulation in apples and Arabidopsis. In conclusion, MdTPR16 act as a beneficial regulator of drought stress response by regulating the expression of related genes and the cumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
•MdTPR16 positively regulates drought tolerance in apple seedlings.•The MdTPR16 gene enhances plant resistance by inducing the expression of drought-related genes.•After drought stress, the MdTPR16 gene reduces ROS accumulation in plants.•MdTPR16 may be used in the future to breeding drought-resistant varieties.
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and is the main water-soluble and the biologically active ingredient. SAA possesses a variety of ...pharmacological activities and has an excellent protective effect on kidney disease, especially steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and has advantages in improving the efficacy of glucocorticoids, but its mechanism needs to be further explored.
The study was designed to explore the effect of suPAR and uPAR in SRNS patients and evaluate the potential effect of SAA in improving podocyte steroid resistance and explore its mechanism.
The ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of suPAR in the blood and urine of subjects. The levels of uPAR, GRα, and GRβ expression in renal tissues of SRNS patients was detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed using the Pearson method. In vitro studies, steroid resistance model was induced by the TNF-α and IFN-γ. The protein and mRNA expression of Nephrin, GR, GRα and GRβ were analyzed using western blot and qRT-PCR. The activity of GR-DNA binding was detected by using TransAM™ GR kits. Adriamycin further induced steroid resistance podocyte. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of SAA on podocyte apoptosis. ELISA assay was used to detect the suPAR expression in the podocyte supernatant. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of uPAR and Nephrin in podocytes.
The serum and urine levels of suPAR were conspicuously higher in SRNS patients than healthy volunteers and SSNS patients, and the expression of uPAR in renal tissue of SRNS patients is negatively correlated with GRα, but positively correlated with GRβ. The combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ could conspicuously increase the GRβ expression and reduce GRα/GRβ, and induce steroid resistance in podocytes. Moreover, we found that SAA could reduce the apoptosis of podocytes and suppress the expression of suPAR/uPAR, and increase the expression of Nephrin.
The level of suPAR and uPAR expression may have important value in predicting glucocorticoids resistance in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). The combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ induce podocytes can establish steroid resistance model in vitro. SAA could improve glucocorticoids resistance of podocyte which can be attributed in part to regulate the suPAR/uPAR-αvβ3 signaling pathway.
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Alotamide is a cyclic depsipetide isolated from a marine cyanobacterium and possesses a unique activation of calcium influx in murine cerebrocortical neurons (EC
4.18 µM). Due to its limited source, ...the three stereocenters (C19, C28, and C30) in its polyketide fragment remain undetermined. In this study, the first asymmetric synthesis of its polyketide fragment was achieved. Four relative possible diastereomers were constructed with a boron-mediated enantioselective aldol reaction and Julia⁻Kocienski olefination as the key steps. Comparison of
C NMR spectra revealed the relative structure of fragment C15⁻C32 of alotamide.
To investigate the molecular diagnosis of a three-generation Chinese family affected with aniridia, and further to identify clinically a
missense mutation in members with atypical aniridia.
Eleven ...family members with and without atypical aniridia were recruited. All family members underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. A combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) and direct Sanger sequencing were performed to uncover the causative mutation.
Among the 11 family members, 8 were clinically diagnosed with congenital aniridia (atypical aniridia phenotype). A rare heterozygous mutation c.622C>T (p.Arg208Trp) in exon 8 of
was identified in all affected family members but not in the unaffected members or in healthy control subjects.
A rare missense mutation in the
gene is found in members of a three-generation Chinese family with congenital atypical aniridia. This result contributes to an increase in the phenotypic spectrum caused by
missense heterozygous variants and provides useful information for the clinical diagnosis of atypical aniridia, which may also contribute to genetic counselling and family planning.
In this paper, a quantum-based method for measuring the microwave magnetic field in free space is presented by exploring atomic Rabi resonance in the clock transition of
Cs. A compact cesium glass ...cell serving as the microwave magnetic field sensing head was used to measure the spatial distribution of microwave radiation from an open-ended waveguide antenna. The measured microwave magnetic field was not restricted by other microwave devices. The longitudinal distribution of the magnetic field was measured. The experimental results measured by the sensor were in agreement with the simulation. In addition, a slightly electromagnetic perturbation caused by the glass cell was investigated through simulation calculations.
Understanding scalar transport in solvents is important in chemical engineering, pollution control, and water remediation, where the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (LDC) is a key parameter for ...describing solute transport in fluids. For flow in classic conditions such as in a pipe or a regular open channel, formulas for LDC are derived from adopting the ideas of the advection–diffusion equation. However, when the flow encounters large-scale roughness, such as an open channel with vegetation, longitudinal dispersion becomes complicated. This paper aims to estimate LDC in an open channel that is partially covered with artificial vegetation. This kind of artificial vegetation is emergent, which comprises eight floats. A two-zone model is proposed to determine LDC in this channel condition. In validating our model, experiments are conducted with Rhodamine as a tracer, whose time-concentration curves are measured at two locations. The routing procedure is applied to obtain LDC from these curves. Results show that the measured LDCs are consistent with the predicted ones, thereby validating the accuracy and reliability of our proposed two-zone model.
Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome in which ventricular filling or ejection capacity is impaired due to structural or functional diseases of the heart. In order to establish a stable heart ...failure model, we investigated cardiac parameters in rats with abdominal aortic contraction and normal rats, including the left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd), the interventricular septum thickness of end-diastolic (IVSd), the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS). Rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20). The experimental group underwent modified abdominal aortic constriction, while the control group only isolated the abdominal aorta without constriction. The results showed that the survival rate of rats in the experimental group was 85% after one week of operation, while the survival rate of rats in the control group was 100%. Five weeks after operation, the left ventricular posterior wall diameter (LVPWd) and the interventricular septum thickness of end-diastolic (IVSd) in the experimental group were all increased compared with those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05); the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) in the experimental group showed an increasing trend compared with the control group, but p>0.05; compared with the control group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) in the experimental group showed downward trend, but p>0.05. 10 weeks after operation, the LVPWd, IVSd, and LVEDd of the experimental group were increased compared with the control group, p<0.05, and the LVEF and LVFS of the experimental group were decreased compared with the control group, p<0.05. Compared with the control group, the BNP of the experimental group increased significantly, p<0.05. The heart weight index and left ventricular weight index of rats in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, p<0.05. HE staining showed that the myocardial cells in the experimental group increased in volume, disordered cell arrangement, widened gaps, increased nuclear hyperchromia, and uneven staining. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of heart failure.
Objective: To understand the main types of risk of violence against women in Taiwan. Materials and methods: This study used the outpatient, emergency, and hospitalization data of 2 million people in ...the National Health Insurance sample from 2000 to 2015. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic N-codes 995.5 (child abuse) and 995.8 (adult abuse) or E-codes E960−E969 (homicide and intentional injury by others) were defined as the case study for this study, and the risks of first violent injury for boys and girls (0−17 years old), adults (18−64 years old), and elders (over 65 years old) were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used for risk comparison. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The proportion of women (12−17.9 years old) who were sexually assaulted was 2.71 times that of women under the age of 12, and the risk of sexual assault for girls and adult women was 100 times that of men. Girls who were insured as labor insurance, farmers, members of water conservancy and fishery associations, low-income households, and community insured population (public insurance as the reference group) were significantly more likely to seek medical treatment from sexual assault than adult women. Among them, the risk was greatest for girls from low-income households (odds ratio = 10.74). Conclusion: Women are at higher risk of sexual assault than men regardless of whether they are children or adults, and the highest risk is for women in senior high schools, especially for girls from low-income households. Therefore, the protection of women’s personal autonomy is the direction that the government and people from all walks of life need to continue to strive for. Especially for high school students from low-income households, protection must be strengthened through education, social work, and police administration.
Two ratiometric fluorescence probes, RMC and RMD, were synthesized for detecting HSO3− in test tube and living cells. Probe RMC based on FRET mechanism exhibited excellent ratiometric signals, high ...sensitivity (1.08 nM), outstanding selectivity, fast response (within 22 s) to HSO3− in physiological pH. The satisfactory performance of RMC in cell imaging suggested that it could be applied to monitor endogenous and intracellular bisulfite with minimal cytotoxicity and excellent photostability. More importantly, probe RMC realized targeting for lipid droplets. In practice, probe RMC could be successfully applied to detect HSO3− in food sugar. Besides, cheap test strips were made and used handily for rapid and qualitative detection of HSO3− in water by naked eye as well. Therefore, probe RMC could be a potential biological tool to explore the roles of HSO3− under different physiological and pathological conditions.
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•Two ratiometric fluorescence probe RMC and RMD based on FRET for bisulfite were developed.•Probe RMC could reveal a response in 22 s toward HSO3− with high selectivity and sensitivity.•Probe RMC could target lipid droplets in living cells.•Probe RMC could detect HSO3− in sugar solution.•The test strips could be made handily for rapid and qualitative detection.
Accumulated evidence has shown that colonoscopy may not be a perfect tool in screening and reducing the incidence of the colorectal cancer (CRC), because interval CRC (I-CRC), a specific subgroup of ...CRCs, has been challenging the traditional detection technology in recent years. I-CRC is accounting for an increasing proportion in CRCs. However, the effective procedures to prevent and supervise I-CRC need to be explored. In this review, we summarized the incidence, causes, risk factors, characteristics and management of I-CRC. It would promote the awareness of the special value in the education and training for the gastroenterologists, which plays an important role in conquering CRC.
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