In this paper, an intermediate observer is proposed for simultaneously estimating the system state, actuator fault and sensor fault. The necessary and sufficient condition is given with respect to ...the existence of the designed observer. The observer gain matrix is guaranteed through solving Riccati inequalities. The estimation errors of the system state, actuator fault and sensor fault are proved to be globally uniformly stable with the prescribed performance index. Finally, a simulation study is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In this paper, an intermediate observer is proposed for simultaneously estimating the system state, actuator fault and sensor fault. The necessary and sufficient condition is given with respect to the existence of the designed observer.
In mammals, the canonical somatic DNA methylation landscape is established upon specification of the embryo proper and subsequently disrupted within many cancer types. However, the underlying ...mechanisms that direct this genome-scale transformation remain elusive, with no clear model for its systematic acquisition or potential developmental utility. Here, we analysed global remethylation from the mouse preimplantation embryo into the early epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm. We show that these two states acquire highly divergent genomic distributions with substantial disruption of bimodal, CpG density-dependent methylation in the placental progenitor. The extraembryonic epigenome includes specific de novo methylation at hundreds of embryonically protected CpG island promoters, particularly those that are associated with key developmental regulators and are orthologously methylated across most human cancer types. Our data suggest that the evolutionary innovation of extraembryonic tissues may have required co-option of DNA methylation-based suppression as an alternative to regulation by Polycomb-group proteins, which coordinate embryonic germ-layer formation in response to extraembryonic cues. Moreover, we establish that this decision is made deterministically, downstream of promiscuously used-and frequently oncogenic-signalling pathways, via a novel combination of epigenetic cofactors. Methylation of developmental gene promoters during tumorigenesis may therefore reflect the misappropriation of an innate trajectory and the spontaneous reacquisition of a latent, developmentally encoded epigenetic landscape.
This article investigates the robust cooperative fault-tolerant control problem of multi-agent systems subject to mismatched uncertainties and actuator faults. During the design process of the ...intermediate variable estimator, there is no need to satisfy fault estimation matching conditions, and this overcomes a crucial constraint of traditional observers and estimators. The feedback term of the designed estimator contains the centralized estimation errors and the distributed estimation errors of the agent, and this further improves the design freedom of the proposed estimator. A novel fault-tolerant control protocol is designed based on the fault estimation information. In this work, the bounds of the fault and its derivatives are unknown, and the considered method is applicable to both directed and undirected multi-agent systems. Furthermore, the parameters of the estimator are determined through the resolution of a linear matrix inequality (LMI), which is decoupled by employing coordinate transformation and Schur decomposition. Lastly, a numerical simulation result is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Exosomes, secreted by several cell types, including cancer cells, can be isolated from the peripheral blood and have been shown to be powerful markers of disease progression in cancer. In this study, ...we examined the prognostic significance of circulating exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in multiple myeloma (MM). A cohort of 156 patients with newly diagnosed MM, uniformly treated and followed, was studied. Circulating exosomal miRNAs were isolated and used to perform a small RNA sequencing analysis on 10 samples and a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) array on 156 samples. We studied the relationship between miRNA levels and patient outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We identified miRNAs as the most predominant small RNAs present in exosomes isolated from the serum of patients with MM and healthy controls by small RNA sequencing of circulating exosomes. We then analyzed exosomes isolated from serum samples of 156 patients using a qRT-PCR array for 22 miRNAs. Two of these miRNAs, let-7b and miR-18a, were significantly associated with both PFS and OS in the univariate analysis and were still statistically significant after adjusting for the International Staging System and adverse cytogenetics in the multivariate analysis. Our findings support the use of circulating exosomal miRNAs to improve the identification of patients with newly diagnosed MM with poor outcomes. The results require further validation in other independent prospective MM cohorts.
•Two circulating exosomal microRNAs, let-7b and miR-18a, improved survival prediction in patients with MM.•Circulating exosomal miRNAs enhanced the stratification of patients with high-risk factors.
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a devastating neurological impairment, usually imposes a long-term psychological stress and high socioeconomic burden for the sufferers and their family. Recent researchers ...have paid arousing attention to white matter injury and the underlying mechanism following SCI. Ferroptosis has been revealed to be associated with diverse diseases including stroke, cancer, and kidney degeneration. Ferrostatin-1, a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, has been illustrated to curb ferroptosis in neurons, subsequently improving functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and SCI. However, the role of ferroptosis in white matter injury and the therapeutic effect of ferrostatin-1 on SCI are still unknown. Here, our results indicated that ferroptosis played a pivotal role in the secondary white matter injury, and ferrostatin-1 could reduce iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and downregulate the ferroptosis-related genes and its products of IREB2 and PTGS2 to further inhibit ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte, finally reducing white matter injury and promoting functional recovery following SCI in rats. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that ferrostatin-1 held the potential of inhibiting the activation of reactive astrocyte and microglia. Mechanically, the present study deciphers the potential mechanism of white matter damage, which enlarges the therapeutic effects of ferrostatin-1 on SCI and even in other central nervous system (CNS) diseases existing ferroptosis.
Emerging studies have demonstrated the important physiological and pathophysiological roles of hydrogen sulphide (H
S) as a gasotransmitter for NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 ...(NLRP3) inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. However, the effects of H
S on neuroinflammation after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), especially on the NLRP3 inflammasome, remain unknown.
We employed a Sprague-Dawley rat of collagenase-induced ICH in the present study. The time course of H
S content and the spatial expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) after ICH, the effects of endogenous and exogenous H
S after ICH, the effects of endogenous and exogenous H
S on NLRP3 inflammasome activation under P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) overexpression after ICH, and the involvement of the P2X7R in the mechanism by which microglia-derived H
S prevented NLRP3 inflammasome activation were investigated.
We found ICH induced significant downregulation of endogenous H
S production in the brain, which may be the result of decreasing in CBS, the predominant cerebral H
S-generating enzyme. Administration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), a CBS-specific agonist, or sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a classical exogenous H
S donor, not only restored brain and plasma H
S content but also attenuated brain oedema, microglial accumulation and neurological deficits at 1 day post-ICH by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome cascade. Endogenous H
S production, which was derived mainly by microglia and above treatments, was verified by adenovirus-overexpressed P2X7R and in vitro primary microglia studies.
These results indicated endogenous H
S synthesis was impaired after ICH, which plays a pivotal role in the P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammatory response in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury. Maintaining appropriate H
S concentrations in the central nervous system may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for managing post-ICH secondary brain injury and associated neurological deficits.
In the era of the 5G network, network traffic grows rapidly. Edge computing will face the challenges of high bandwidth, low latency, high reliability and other requirements of 5G network services. ...Due to the limited resources of node communication, computing and storage, under the sudden, intensive and high-traffic task request, edge computing will suffer from network jitter, excessive delay, access congestion, service failure and low distribution efficiency. In order to ensure network service quality and improve service efficiency, it is necessary to construct an effective collaborative service mechanism, motivate nodes to participate in cooperation, integrate network service resources and self-adapt to manage collaborative services. Therefore, establishing an effective node and service evaluation system to identify reliable resources and nodes is an effective way to improve the overall availability and reliable services of edge computing network. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the key technologies of the current collaborative service organization incentive and trust mechanism. This paper presents an attack-resistant node and service evaluation system based on a trust network. The system includes a voting collection mechanism, a trustable node selection mechanism, a questioning response mechanism and a punishment mechanism. The experiments prove that the system has a strong ability to resist attacks and is superior to the existing reputation evaluation model in terms of its performance. It can effectively improve the collaborative efficiency of edge computing and guarantee the quality of network service.
In this note, the cooperative control problem has been investigated for a type of nonlinear leader-follower multi-agent system based on a novel event-triggered scheme. In order to eliminate ...continuous communication between neighboring agents, the controller is designed by using state estimates of neighboring agents instead of their real states. The communication instants are determined by the developed event-triggered strategy to minimize the amount of communication between neighbors. A Lyapunov-based cooperation error convergence analysis has been provided to indicate the bounded convergence of the proposed control algorithm. Finally, a simulation case has been given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
To investigate the effects of atorvastatin on the surgical treatment of patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).
Our retrospective study included 245 consecutive adult patients undergoing ...burr-hole craniotomy for CSDH. Data included baseline characteristics and recurrence, postoperative complications, and mortality. Univariate and multivariate regression models analyzed the association between administration of atorvastatin perioperatively and recurrence rates.
Multivariate analysis showed perioperative atorvastatin administration (odds ratio OR 0.336; P = 0.039), diabetes mellitus (OR 3.949, P = 0.010), and GCS of 15 preoperatively (OR 0.197; P = 0.020) to be significantly related to recurrence risk. Postoperative complications and mortality did not significantly differ between patients with and those without atorvastatin therapy.
Our findings demonstrate that the administration of atorvastatin perioperatively is associated with a lower risk of CSDH recurrence rate. The use of atorvastatin perioperatively was not associated with higher rates of morbidity or mortality.
•This was a large retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).•The association between perioperative atorvastatin and recurrence rates was analyzed by multivariate regression.•Perioperative atorvastatin is associated with lower recurrence rate of CSDH but not higher rates of death and complications.•Moreover, diabetes mellitus and preoperative Glasgow Coma Score of 15 appear to predict recurrence of CSDH.
Despite significant advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), most patients succumb to disease progression. One of the major immunosuppressive mechanisms that is believed to play a role in ...myeloma progression is the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this study, we demonstrate that myeloma cells drive Treg expansion and activation by secreting type 1 interferon (IFN). Blocking IFN α and β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) on Tregs significantly decreases both myeloma-associated Treg immunosuppressive function and myeloma progression. Using syngeneic transplantable murine myeloma models and bone marrow (BM) aspirates of MM patients, we found that Tregs were expanded and activated in the BM microenvironment at early stages of myeloma development. Selective depletion of Tregs led to a complete remission and prolonged survival in mice injected with myeloma cells. Further analysis of the interaction between myeloma cells and Tregs using gene sequencing and enrichment analysis uncovered a feedback loop, wherein myeloma-cell-secreted type 1 IFN induced proliferation and expansion of Tregs. By using IFNAR1-blocking antibody treatment and IFNAR1-knockout Tregs, we demonstrated a significant decrease in myeloma-associated Treg proliferation, which was associated with longer survival of myeloma-injected mice. Our results thus suggest that blocking type 1 IFN signaling represents a potential strategy to target immunosuppressive Treg function in MM.
PDF
