Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) can represent daily inflammatory dietary components and chronic inflammatory response is an important pathogenesis of aging, nonalcoholic fatty ...liver disease (NAFLD) and frailty. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association of E-DII and frailty in older adults with NAFLD.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2016) to investigate the association between E-DII and frailty. The NAFLD status was determined using the US Fatty Liver Index (FLI) value ≥30. The relationship between E-DII and frailty was examined through multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis and smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted, considering various demographic and clinical variables.
Our final analysis included 1586 individuals, with an average age of 69.42 years, and 53.15 % of them were males. The overall prevalence of frailty in the study population was 39.42 %. Smooth curve fitting analysis demonstrated a nearly linear relationship between E-DII and H. pylori. Utilizing multivariate weighted logistic regression analysis, we found that the odds ratio (OR) of E-DII for frailty was 1.08 (95%CI, 1.03–1.15). Subgroup analysis further confirmed that E-DII independently increased the risk of frailty.
Higher E-DII levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of frailty in older adults with NAFLD. However, further studies are required to fully elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the relationship between E-DII and frailty.
•Frailty is very common in older adults with NAFLD.•E-DII is positively associated with the prevalence of frailty in older adults with NAFLD.•Dietary patterns should be attached more attention in older adults.
A
bstract
The newly observed
P
c
(4312),
P
c
(4440) and
P
c
(4457) at the LHCb experiment are very close to the
Σ
c
D
¯
and
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
thresholds. In this work, we perform a systematic study and give ...a complete picture on the interactions between the
Σ
c
∗
and
D
¯
∗
systems in the framework of heavy hadron chiral effective field theory, where the short-range contact interaction, long-range one-pion-exchange contribution, and intermediate-range two-pion-exchange loop diagrams are all considered. We first investigate the three
Pc
states without and with considering the Λ
c
contribution in the loop diagrams. It is difficult to simultaneously reproduce the three
P
c
s unless the Λ
c
is included. The coupling between the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
and
Λ
c
D
¯
∗
channels is crucial for the formation of these
P
c
s. Our calculation supports the
P
c
(4312),
P
c
(4440) and
P
c
(4457) to be the
S
-wave hidden-charm
Σ
c
D
¯
J
=
1
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
,
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
J
=
1
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
and
Σ
c
D
¯
∗
J
=
3
/
2
I
=
1
/
2
molecular pentaquarks, respectively. Our calculation disfavors the spin assignment
J
P
=
1
−
2
for
P
c
(4457) and
J
P
=
3
−
2
for
P
c
(4440), because the excessively enhanced spin-spin interaction is unreasonable in the present case. We obtain the complete mass spectra of the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
J
systems with the fixed low energy constants. Our result indicates the existence of the
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
∗
J
J
=
1
2
3
2
5
2
hadronic molecules. The previously reported
P
c
(4380) might be a deeper bound one. Additionally, we also study the hidden-bottom
Σ
b
∗
B
∗
systems, and predict seven bound molecular states, which could serve as a guidance for future experiments. Furthermore, we also examine the heavy quark symmetry breaking effect in the hidden-charm and hidden-bottom systems by taking into account the mass splittings in the propagators of the intermediate states. As expected, the heavy quark symmetry in the bottom cases is better than that in the charmed sectors. We notice that the heavy quark symmetry in the
Σ
c
D
¯
and
Σ
c
∗
D
¯
systems is much worse for some fortuitous reasons. The heavy quark symmetry breaking effect is nonnegligible in predicting the effective potentials between the charmed hadrons.
Recently, for the first time, the BESIII Collaboration reported the strange hidden charm tetraquark states Zcs(3985) − in the K+ recoil-mass spectrum near the D−sD*0/D*−sD0 mass thresholds in the ...processes of e+e− → K+(D−sD*0+D*−sD0) at √s = 4.681 GeV (M. Ablikim et al., arXiv:2011.07855). The significance was estimated to be 5.3σ. We show that the newly observed Zcs(3985) − state is the U -spin partner of Zc(3900) − as a resonance within coupled-channel calculation in the SU(3)F symmetry and heavy quark spin symmetry (HQSS). In the SU(3)F symmetry, we introduce the GU/V parity to construct the flavor wave functions of the Zcs states. In a unified framework, we consider the J/ψπ(K), ¯D(s)D∗/¯D∗(s)D coupled-channel effect with the contact interaction. With the masses and widths of Zc(3900) and Zc(4020), we determine all the unknown coupling constants. We obtain mass and width of Zcs(3985) in good agreement with the experimental results, which strongly support the Zcs states as the U/V-spin partner states of the charged Zc(3900). We also calculate the ratio of the partial decay widths of Zcs(3985), which implies that the ¯DsD∗/¯D∗sD decay modes are dominant. We also predict the Zcs states with a mass around 4130 MeV and width around 30 MeV, which are the U/V-spin partner states of the charged Zc(4020) and HQSS partner states of the Zcs(3985). In the hidden bottom sector, we predict the strange tetraquark states Zbs and Z′bs with a mass around 10700 and 10750 MeV, which are the U/V-spin partner states of Zb(10610) ± and Zb(10650) ±, respectively.
In the past decade many charmonium-like states were observed experimentally. Especially those charged charmonium-like Zc states and bottomonium-like Zb states cannot be accommodated within the naive ...quark model. These charged Zc states are good candidates of either the hidden-charm tetraquark states or molecules composed of a pair of charmed mesons. Recently, the LHCb Collaboration discovered two hidden-charm pentaquark states, which are also beyond the quark model. In this work, we review the current experimental progress and investigate various theoretical interpretations of these candidates of the multiquark states. We list the puzzles and theoretical challenges of these models when confronted with the experimental data. We also discuss possible future measurements which may distinguish the theoretical schemes on the underlying structures of the hidden-charm multiquark states.
We study the newly observed charmoniumlike state Zcs(3985) in the framework of chiral effective field theory. The interaction kernel of the DsD*/Ds*D system is calculated up to the next-to-leading ...order with the explicit chiral dynamics. With the fitted parameters extracted from the Zc(3900) data as inputs, the mass, width, and event distributions of the Zcs(3985) are very consistent with the experimental measurements. Our studies strongly support the Zcs(3985) as the partner of the Zc(3900) in the SU(3)f symmetry and the DsD*/Ds*D molecular resonance with the same dynamical origin as the other charged heavy quarkoniumlike states. We precisely predict the resonance parameters of the unobserved states in Ds*D*, Bs*B/BsB*, and Bs*B* systems, and establish a complete spectrum of the charged charmoniumlike and bottomoniumlike states with the I(JP) quantum numbers 1(1+) and 1/2(1+), respectively.
Grain number and size are interactive agronomic traits that determine grain yield. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinating the trade-off between these traits remain elusive. ...Here, we characterized the rice (Oryza sativa) grain size and number1 (gsn1) mutant, which has larger grains but sparser panicles than the wild type due to disordered localized cell differentiation and proliferation. GSN1 encodes the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase OsMKP1, a dual-specificity phosphatase of unknown function. Reduced expression of GSN1 resulted in larger and fewer grains, whereas increased expression resulted in more grains but reduced grain size. GSN1 directly interacts with and inactivates the mitogen-activated protein kinase OsMPK6 via dephosphorylation. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase genes OsMPK6, OsMKK4, and OsMKKK10 separately resulted in denser panicles and smaller grains, which rescued the mutant gsn1 phenotypes. Therefore, OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 participates in panicle morphogenesis and acts on a common pathway in rice. We confirmed that GSN1 is a negative regulator of the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 cascade that determines panicle architecture. The GSN1-MAPK module coordinates the trade-off between grain number and grain size by integrating localized cell differentiation and proliferation. These findings provide important insights into the developmental plasticity of the panicle and a potential means to improve crop yields.
How to understand the X(2900)? Wang, Bo; Zhu, Shi-Lin
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2022, Letnik:
82, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this work, the
S
- and
P
-wave
D
¯
∗
K
∗
interactions are studied in a coupled-channel formalism to understand the recently observed
X
0
(
2900
)
and
X
1
(
2900
)
at LHCb. The experimental event ...distributions can be well described, and two states with
I
(
J
P
)
=
0
(
0
+
)
and
0
(
1
-
)
are yielded in a unified framework. The masses of the
0
+
and
1
-
states are consistent with the experimental data, but the width of the
0
+
state is larger than that of the
1
-
one. The
X
1
(
2900
)
can be interpreted as the
P
-wave excitation of the ground-state
X
0
(
2900
)
in the hadronic molecular picture. The
S
- and
P
-wave multiplets in the
D
¯
∗
K
∗
system have many members, so the present peak in the
D
-
K
+
invariant mass distributions might contain multi substructures.
Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory (χPT) is the low energy effective field theory of ...the Quantum Chromodynamics. In this work, we shall review the investigations on the chiral corrections to the properties of the heavy mesons and baryons within the framework of χPT. We will also review the scatterings of the light pseudoscalar mesons and heavy hadrons, through which many new resonances such as the Ds0∗(2317) could be understood.
Moreover, many new hadron states were observed experimentally in the past decades. A large group of these states is near-threshold resonances, such as the charged charmoniumlike Zc and Zcs states, bottomoniumlike Zb states, hidden-charm pentaquark Pc and Pcs states and the doubly charmed Tcc state, etc. They are very good candidates of the loosely bound molecular states composed of a pair of charmed (bottom) hadrons, which are very similar to the loosely bound deuteron. The modern nuclear force was built upon the chiral effective field theory (χEFT), which is the extension of the χPT to the systems with two matter fields. The long-range and medium-long-range interactions between two nucleons arise from the single- and double-pion exchange respectively, which are well constrained by the chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking. The short-distance interactions can be described by the low energy constants. Such a framework works very well for the nucleon–nucleon scattering and nuclei. In this work, we will perform an extensive review of the progress on the heavy hadronic molecular states within the framework of χEFT. We shall emphasize that the same chiral dynamics not only govern the nuclei and forms the deuteron, but also dictates the shallow bound states or resonances composed of two heavy hadrons.
The clinical features and immune responses of asymptomatic individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have not been well described. We studied 37 ...asymptomatic individuals in the Wanzhou District who were diagnosed with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections but without any relevant clinical symptoms in the preceding 14 d and during hospitalization. Asymptomatic individuals were admitted to the government-designated Wanzhou People's Hospital for centralized isolation in accordance with policy
. The median duration of viral shedding in the asymptomatic group was 19 d (interquartile range (IQR), 15-26 d). The asymptomatic group had a significantly longer duration of viral shedding than the symptomatic group (log-rank P = 0.028). The virus-specific IgG levels in the asymptomatic group (median S/CO, 3.4; IQR, 1.6-10.7) were significantly lower (P = 0.005) relative to the symptomatic group (median S/CO, 20.5; IQR, 5.8-38.2) in the acute phase. Of asymptomatic individuals, 93.3% (28/30) and 81.1% (30/37) had reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels, respectively, during the early convalescent phase, as compared to 96.8% (30/31) and 62.2% (23/37) of symptomatic patients. Forty percent of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative and 12.9% of the symptomatic group became negative for IgG in the early convalescent phase. In addition, asymptomatic individuals exhibited lower levels of 18 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data suggest that asymptomatic individuals had a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The reduction in IgG and neutralizing antibody levels in the early convalescent phase might have implications for immunity strategy and serological surveys.
We consider a C6 invariant lattice of magnetic moments coupled via a Kondo exchange J with a 2D electron gas (2DEG). The effective Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between the moments ...stabilizes a magnetic skyrmion crystal in the presence of magnetic field and easy-axis anisotropy. An attractive aspect of this mechanism is that the magnitude of the magnetic ordering wave vectors, Qν (ν=1, 2, 3), is dictated by the Fermi wave number kF: |Qν|=2kF. Consequently, the topological contribution to the Hall conductivity of the 2DEG becomes of the order of the quantized value, e2/h, when J is comparable to the Fermi energy εF.We consider a C6 invariant lattice of magnetic moments coupled via a Kondo exchange J with a 2D electron gas (2DEG). The effective Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between the moments stabilizes a magnetic skyrmion crystal in the presence of magnetic field and easy-axis anisotropy. An attractive aspect of this mechanism is that the magnitude of the magnetic ordering wave vectors, Qν (ν=1, 2, 3), is dictated by the Fermi wave number kF: |Qν|=2kF. Consequently, the topological contribution to the Hall conductivity of the 2DEG becomes of the order of the quantized value, e2/h, when J is comparable to the Fermi energy εF.We consider a C6 invariant lattice of magnetic moments coupled via a Kondo exchange J with a 2D electron gas (2DEG). The effective Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction between the moments stabilizes a magnetic skyrmion crystal in the presence of magnetic field and easy-axis anisotropy. An attractive aspect of this mechanism is that the magnitude of the magnetic ordering wave vectors, Qν (ν=1, 2, 3), is dictated by the Fermi wave number kF: |Qν|=2kF. Consequently, the topological contribution to the Hall conductivity of the 2DEG becomes of the order of the quantized value, e2/h, when J is comparable to the Fermi energy εF.
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