With multiple emissions ranging from NIR-IIb to visible lights, near-infrared light-excited lanthanide nanoparticle (LnNP) is an ideal in-vivo theranostic platform to achieve imaging guided ...phototherapy. However, current reported LnNPs typically demonstrate simultaneous up and downconversion emissions with fixed single excitation light, which impairs therapeutic efficiency and generates side effect during navigation. Here we develop a lanthanide-based conversion switching nanoparticle (CSNP) with independent activation of 1550 nm NIR-IIb downconversion emission under 808 nm excitation and 345/450 nm upconversion emission under 980 nm excitation. CSNP is modified with Cy-GSH to quench NIR-IIb emission and photosensitizer hypocrellin A. In vivo delivery of CSNP is traced via 808 nm irradiation, and Cy-GSH changes structure in response to glutathione to activate NIR–IIb imaging. This indicates the tumor position and timing to switch for 980 nm irradiation to activate hypocrellin A for photodynamic therapy. Orthogonal activation of CSNP up/down conversion emissions demonstrates high tumor-to-normal tissue ratio in vivo and good therapeutic result, would have promising potential as a theranostics platform.
The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide, however, its improvement is restricted by its narrow genetic base. The highly variable wild peanut ...species, especially within Sect. Arachis, may serve as a rich genetic source of favorable alleles to peanut improvement; Sect. Arachis is the biggest taxonomic section within genus Arachis and its members also include the cultivated peanut. In order to make good use of these wild resources, the genetic bases and the relationships of the Arachis species need first to be better understood.
Here, in this study, we have sequenced and/or assembled twelve Arachis complete chloroplast (cp) genomes (eleven from Sect. Arachis). These cp genome sequences enriched the published Arachis cp genome data. From the twelve acquired cp genomes, substantial genetic variation (1368 SNDs, 311 indels) has been identified, which, together with 69 SSR loci that have been identified from the same data set, will provide powerful tools for future explorations. Phylogenetic analyses in our study have grouped the Sect. Arachis species into two major lineages (I & II), this result together with reports from many earlier studies show that lineage II is dominated by AA genome species that are mostly perennial, while lineage I includes species that have more diverse genome types and are mostly annual/biennial. Moreover, the cultivated peanuts and A. monticola that are the only tetraploid (AABB) species within Arachis are nested within the AA genome species-dominated lineage, this result together with the maternal inheritance of chloroplast indicate a maternal origin of the two tetraploid species from an AA genome species.
In summary, we have acquired sequences of twelve complete Arachis cp genomes, which have not only helped us better understand how the cultivated peanut and its close wild relatives are related, but also provided us with rich genetic resources that may hold great potentials for future peanut breeding.
The crystallography and morphology of the nano-sized precipitate particles in a ternary Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were studied by transmission electron microscopy. A new type of face-centred-cubic (f.c.c) ...Cr-rich precipitate was observed. This precipitate is ordered and solute enriched on alternate {110} f.c.c planes, with an ellipsoid-shaped morphology. The new orientation relationship (OR) between the precipitate and Cu matrix satisfies 211M//011p and 100M//111p, {-111}M//{200}p and {02-2}M//{02-2}p. The difference between this new OR and the Nishiyama-Wasserman OR between body-centred-cubic (b.c.c) Cr and the Cu matrix can be detailed by Δ
g
vectors in the diffraction patterns. Furthermore, the precipitation strengthening effect is increased greatly with the formation of these new precipitate particles when compared to binary Cu-Cr alloys.
To fill the research gap between extant theory of disruptive technology and latecomer firms' business-model innovation practices in emerging economies, we explore the new latecomer advantage implied ...in the phenomena of overshooting and nonconsuming. Based on inductive theory building with a comparative case study, we find that latecomer firms, though disadvantaged in technological capabilities and market resources, can successfully introduce disruptive technologies from advanced economies into emerging economies through secondary business-model innovations. They provide cheaper, simpler, but good enough products or services that ordinary citizens in emerging economies can easily afford and access. How do latecomer firms capture value from disruptive technologies within the emerging economies context? While articulating an appropriate value proposition that is attractive for local customers is of great importance for those latecomer firms, they should also fully utilize strategic partners' complementary assets to build a unique value network embedded within local infrastructure. Thus, those latecomer firms tactfully bypass the substantial first-mover advantages and global advantages of multinational incumbents, and leverage their latecomer advantages such as low price and local savvy. Thus, latecomer firms should not ignore those disruptive growth opportunities within the large population of mass customers and nonconsumers in emerging economies.
Previous cluster-randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of implementing evidence-based guidelines for nutrition therapy in critical illness do not consistently demonstrate patient ...benefits. A large-scale, sufficiently powered study is therefore warranted to ascertain the effects of guideline implementation on patient-centered outcomes.
We conducted a multicenter, cluster-randomized, parallel-controlled trial in intensive care units (ICUs) across China. We developed an evidence-based feeding guideline. ICUs randomly allocated to the guideline group formed a local "intervention team", which actively implemented the guideline using standardized educational materials, a graphical feeding protocol, and live online education outreach meetings conducted by members of the study management committee. ICUs assigned to the control group remained unaware of the guideline content. All ICUs enrolled patients who were expected to stay in the ICU longer than seven days. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 28 days of enrollment.
Forty-eight ICUs were randomized to the guideline group and 49 to the control group. From March 2018 to July 2019, the guideline ICUs enrolled 1399 patients, and the control ICUs enrolled 1373 patients. Implementation of the guideline resulted in significantly earlier EN initiation (1.20 vs. 1.55 mean days to initiation of EN; difference - 0.40 95% CI - 0.71 to - 0.09; P = 0.01) and delayed PN initiation (1.29 vs. 0.80 mean days to start of PN; difference 1.06 95% CI 0.44 to 1.67; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality (14.2% vs. 15.2%; difference - 1.6% 95% CI - 4.3% to 1.2%; P = 0.42) between groups.
In this large-scale, multicenter trial, active implementation of an evidence-based feeding guideline reduced the time to commencement of EN and overall PN use but did not translate to a reduction in mortality from critical illness.
ISRCTN, ISRCTN12233792 . Registered November 20th, 2017.
•Optical anti-interference sensor for imidacloprid detection was firstly developed.•Synthesized AuNR@Ag bimetallic nanocuboid was used as an excellent SERS substrate.•This fabricated SERS ...immunosensor achieved a low LOD of 9.58 nM.•The SERS sensor was successfully used to detect imidacloprid in food samples.
The sensitive detection of pesticides in complex environment is important but still challenging in presence of organic-rich water sample and food matrix. Herein, we reported a nitrile-mediated SERS immunosensor for sensitive and optical anti-interference determination of imidacloprid. Raman tag contained CN bond could provide a sharp characteristic peak in the Raman-silent spectral window (1800 ~ 2800 cm−1), which could resist the optical noises from the fingerprint region (<1800 cm−1). Aucore-Agshell bimetallic nanocuboid (AuNR@Ag) connected with antigen and Raman tag was used as Raman probe, while Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle functionalized with anti-imidacloprid antibody was applied as signal enhancer. Owing to the specific recognition ability between antigen and antibody, the competitive system with imidacloprid was formed. Under the optimal condition, the linear relationship was developed in the range of 10–400 nM. Finally, the SERS immunosensor was successfully applied to determine imidacloprid in real samples with recoveries from 96.8% to 100.5%.
•A novel electrochemical aptasensor was developed for the impedimetric determination of acetamiprid.•The aptasensor was prepared by electrodeposition of highly porous gold and self-assembly of ...acetamiprid-binding aptamer.•The aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for acetamiprid detection.•The aptasensor was successfully applied to detect acetamiprid in fruits and vegetables.
A novel electrochemical aptasensor modified with highly porous gold and aptamer was prepared for the determination of acetamiprid in fruits and vegetables. Highly porous gold was synthesized by electroreduction at −4 V in an electrolyte containing 2.5 mol/L NH4Cl and 10 mmol/L HAuCl4. Acetamiprid-binding aptamer was immobilized on highly porous gold by self-assembly. Acetamiprid could be captured by aptamer on the sensing interface, resulting in an increment of electron transfer resistance. Thanks to the large specific surface area of highly porous gold and the high affinity of aptamer, the aptasensor exhibited a highly sensitive impedance response for acetamiprid. Under optimal condition, the aptasensor displayed a linear response for acetamiprid in the concentration range of 0.5–300 nmol/L, and the detection limit was 0.34 nmol/L. Furthermore, the aptasensor showed high selectivity, good reproducibility and stability. Finally, the aptasensor was applied for the determination of acetamiprid in fruits and vegetables with satisfactory results.
•Chitosan-based slurry ice is a novel strategy for precooling fish.•The chitosan-based slurry ice production can be accelerated by the microbubbles.•This ice can not only accelerate precooling, but ...also improve shelf life of fish.
The effects of microbubbles in chitosan-based slurry ice production were investigated, and the efficiency of chitosan-based slurry ice was evaluated for silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) precooling and storage at 0 °C. Microbubbles generated though agitation accelerated slurry ice production by promoting ice nucleation and eliminating supercooling. Higher bubble counts improved freezing, but overly large bubbles reduced the performance. The rheological properties of chitosan solutions were also investigaed, and solutions with higher viscosity formed more bubbles. Experiments investigating precooling rates, microbial concentrations, pH, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances, and total volatile basic nitrogen all confirmed that chitosan-based slurry ice had higher performance than flake ice or conventional slurry ice. Chitosan-based slurry ice can be used for precooling in the fish industry to reduce energy consumption, accelerate precooling, reduce microbial growth, and improve shelf life.
High-velocity small-sized space debris with a diameter of 1–10 cm can cause huge damage to orbiting satellites and spacecraft. In recent years, the technology of actively removing small-sized space ...debris by high-energy pulsed laser irradiation has attracted widespread attention from scholars around the world, who strive for giving the maximum protection to the safety of the low-earth orbit environment. This paper focuses on exploring the dynamic behavior of centimeter-sized space debris under space-based pulsed laser irradiation. For this purpose, a fluid-structure-thermal-plasma multiphysics coupling model is built for space debris, and the effect law of plasma plumes produced by space debris after laser irradiation at different time is drawn. The simulation and measurement results are compared for analysis, verifying the validity and reliability of the proposed method and the built simulation model. The findings of this study are expected to provide an important theoretical reference and guidance for the research on the application of pulsed lasers to the active removal of centimeter-sized space debris.
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