Mitochondria are biosynthetic, bioenergetic, and signaling organelles existing in almost all eukaryotic cells, and their dysregulated function has been proved to be essential for tumorigenesis, tumor ...development, and tumor metastasis. In this short review, first, we briefly summarize the historic misunderstanding of mitochondria in tumors, and then come up with a current view that mitochondria play a pivotal role in tumor cells; second, we review how tumor cells rewind mitochondrial function for their oncogenic purpose via known or unknown mechanisms by key oncogenes or tumor suppressors; third, we go through reagents and strategies currently available targeting mitochondria when treating tumors. Recently, merging data suggest that slow cycling cancer cells/cancer stem cells have distinctive mitochondrial metabolism comparing to bulk tumor cells and mitochondria inhibitors seem to be promising to target them, which are resistant to traditional radio and chemotherapies. We thus discuss role of mitochondria in these cancer stem cells and summarize mitochondria as a target from different aspects.
Oncoproteins or tumor suppressors reprogram mitochondrial function for tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. Multiple mitochondria targeting reagents have been developed to treating tumors.
With the gradual maturity of the terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) technology, it is widely used in the field of deformation monitoring due to its fast, automated, and non-contact data acquisition ...capabilities. The TLS technology has changed the traditional deformation monitoring mode which relies on single-point monitoring. This paper analyzes the application of TLS in deformation monitoring, especially in the field of ground surface, dam, tunnel, and tall constructions. We divide the methods for obtaining ground surface deformation into two categories: the method based on point cloud distance and the method based on displacement field. The advantages and disadvantages of the four methods (M2M, C2C, C2M, M3C2) based on point cloud distance are analyzed and summarized. The deformation monitoring methods and precisions based on TLS for dams, tunnels, and tall constructions are summarized, as well as the various focuses of different monitoring objects. Additionally, their limitations and development directions in the corresponding fields are analyzed. The error sources of TLS point cloud data and error correction models are discussed. Finally, the limitations and future research directions of TLS in the field of deformation monitoring are presented in detail.
Roads are the fundamental elements of transportation, connecting cities and rural areas, as well as people's lives and work. They play a significant role in various areas such as map updates, ...economic development, tourism, and disaster management. The automatic extraction of road features from high-resolution remote sensing images has always been a hot and challenging topic in the field of remote sensing, and deep learning network models are widely used to extract roads from remote sensing images in recent years. In light of this, this paper systematically reviews and summarizes the deep-learning-based techniques for automatic road extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. It reviews the application of deep learning network models in road extraction tasks and classifies these models into fully supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and weakly supervised learning based on their use of labels. Finally, a summary and outlook of the current development of deep learning techniques in road extraction are provided.
Abstract
C − Si Bond cleavage is one of the key elemental steps for a wide variety of silicon-based transformations. However, the cleavage of unstrained Si−C(sp
3
) bonds catalyzed by transition ...metal are still in their infancy. They generally involve the insertion of a M − C(sp
2
) species into the C − Si bond and consequent intramolecular C(sp
2
)‒Si coupling to exclusively produce siloles. Here we report the Pd-catalyzed sila-spirocyclization, in which the Si−C(sp
3
) bond is activated by the insertion of a M − C(sp
3
) species and followed by the formation of a new C(sp
3
)‒Si bond, allowing the construction of diverse spirosilacycles. This reactivity mode, which is strongly supported by DFT calculations may open an avenue for the Si−C(sp
3
) bond cleavage and silacycle synthesis.
•An approach is presented to estimate the probability of damage of RC columns subject to explosive blast loading.•Spatial variability of material and dimensional properties are considered.•The effect ...of blast load variability on structural reliability is investigated.•Monte Carlo simulation is used to derive Blast Reliability Curves.
Columns are the key load-bearing elements in frame structures and exterior columns are probably the most vulnerable structural components to terrorist attack. In this paper, a spatial reliability analysis is conducted to predict the damage for reinforced concrete (RC) columns subject to explosive blast loading. The spatial variability of material and dimensional properties of RC columns are modelled by stationary and non-stationary random fields. The variability of blast loading is also taken into consideration. Monte Carlo simulation and numerical methods are used to derive Blast Reliability Curves for RC columns under explosive loading for a number of terrorism threat scenarios, based on a high–fidelity physics-based computer programme LS-DYNA to estimate design and residual axial load-carrying capacity of RC columns. It was found that spatial variability has a significant effect on structural reliabilities and the spatial model will lead to more accurate predictions of damage and safety risks.
In this paper, we consider the general mean-field backward doubly stochastic differential equations (mean-field BDSDEs) whose generator f can be discontinuous in y. We prove the existence theorem of ...solutions under stochastic linear growth conditions and also obtain the related comparison theorem. Naturally, we present those results under the linear growth condition, which is a special case of the stochastic condition. Finally, a financial claim sale problem is discussed, which demonstrates the application of the general mean-field BDSDEs in finance.
In this paper, we focus on a new class of equations called the anticipated backward stochastic Volterra integral equations (ABSVIEs, for short). In this class of equations, the generator involves not ...only the present information of the solution but also its future one. Under the Lipschitz condition, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of the adapted M-solutions. Meanwhile, a comparison theorem is also proved.
LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology is an important means to obtain three-dimensional information of trees and vegetation. However, due to the influence of scanning mode, environmental ...occlusion and mutual occlusion between tree canopies and other factors, a tree point cloud often has different degrees of data loss, which affects the high-precision quantitative extraction of vegetation parameters. Aiming at the problem of a tree laser point cloud being missing, an individual tree incomplete point cloud restoration method based on local features of the point cloud is proposed. The L1-Median algorithm is used to extract key points of the tree skeleton, then the dominant direction of skeleton key points and local point cloud density are calculated, and the point cloud near the missing area is moved based on these features to gradually complete the incomplete point cloud compensation. The experimental results show that the above repair method can effectively repair the incomplete point cloud with good robustness and can adapt to the individual tree point cloud with different geometric structures and correct the branch topological connection errors.
Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites ...include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which are the main substrates for DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications, essential for gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including gene mutations and tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria and epigenetics play essential roles in tumor initiation, evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics are promising therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondria in key metabolites required for epigenetics modification and in cell fate regulation and discuss the current strategy in cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers and related enzymes in metabolic regulation. This review is an important contribution to the understanding of the current metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.
PDF
