Using large Twitter datasets collected during the 2012 U.S. presidential election, we examined how partisanship shapes patterns of sharing and commenting on candidate fact‐check rulings. Our results ...indicate that partisans selectively share fact‐checking messages that cheerlead their own candidate and denigrate the opposing party's candidate, resulting in an ideologically narrow flow of fact checks to their followers. We also find evidence of hostile media perception in users' public accusations of bias on the part of fact‐checking organizations. Additionally, Republicans showed stronger outgroup negativity and hostility toward fact checkers than Democrats. These findings help us understand “selective sharing” as a complementary process to selective exposure, as well as identifying asymmetries between partisans in their sharing practices.
This study analyzed the association between metabolic syndrome and its components according to body image perception in normal-weight adults.
Management of chronic diseases that are the main cause of ...death in Korea is essential. The representative cause of the increase in these chronic diseases is metabolic syndrome, and preventing it is essential for chronic disease management.
For data analysis, this study used data from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES-VII), 2016-2019. A total of 6479 survey respondents with normal BMI, aged 19 to 64 years old, were finally selected for analysis. Analysis was performed separately for men and women because gender-dependent differences were observed in the self-perceived body image types (underestimation, congruence, and overestimation groups). The incidence and risk of metabolic syndrome-related indicators according to body image perception were analyzed.
As a result, it was found that men tending toward underestimation had lower prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome and women tending toward overestimation had higher prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome.
This suggests that even individuals with the same BMI can have effects on the prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome depending on their body image perception. This allows the conclusion that subjective body image perception can function as a supplementary predictor of metabolic syndrome.
Guided by institutional theory, this study examines how homophily and institutional power influence the tie formation and dissolution of interorganizational collaboration networks. The analysis ...focuses on longitudinal network data collected from 174 international non-governmental organizations and inter-governmental organizations (IGOs) whose mission and main activities revolved around HIV/AIDS and other related health topics such as substance use, alcohol use, and smoking. This study conceptualizes collaboration as an affinity communication network and uses Separable Temporal Exponential Random Graph Modeling to investigate the effects of organizational and sector level attributes. The results reveal the important role that homophily plays in terms of geolocation and topic alignment. Furthermore, the results show IGOs’ role in driving these global partnerships. Implications on how to sustain global health alliances are discussed.
There are growing concerns that social media exacerbates the selective exposure of audience members to content that supports their political views. However, despite the hype, the existing literature ...does not fully address the extent to which social media users selectively consume like-minded news stories, in part due to different methodologies. In an attempt to move toward a common framework, this study examined the partisan selective exposure of a representative sample of Twitter users by combining survey data with digital trace data. Specifically, the study linked survey responses (n = 558) from Twitter users with their media following and exposure to news via their friends. The study found that selectivity bias was present in all types of data, including self-reported media consumption (survey), media following (Twitter), and indirect exposure to media (Twitter). However, the study found some differences between self-reports and digital measures such that the overlaps in media diets between partisan groups were much larger based on the digital trace data than the self-reported data. In addition, the study observed an asymmetric pattern of selective exposure between conservatives and liberals in the digital trace data, but not in the self-reported data. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to the contemporary news environment, hostile media effects, and normative assumptions of selective exposure.
Multilayer heterojunction SbSn/CoTi/Ir anodes, which consist of Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layers coated onto a titanium base, Co-TiO2 interlayers, and overcoated discrete Sb-SnO2 islands, were prepared by ...spray pyrolysis. The Ir0.7Ta0.3O2 bottom layer serves as an Ohmic contact to facilitate electron transfer from semiconductor layers to the Ti base. The Co-TiO2 interlayer and overcoated Sb-SnO2 islands enhance the evolution of reactive chlorine. The surficial Sb-SnO2 islands also serve as the reactive sites for free radical generation. Experiments coupled with computational kinetic simulations show that while ·OH and Cl· are initially produced on the SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode surface, the dominant radical formed in solution is the dichlorine radical anion, Cl2·–. The steady-state concentration of reactive radicals is 10 orders of magnitude lower than that of reactive chlorine. The SbSn/CoTi/Ir anode was applied to electrochemically treat human wastewater. These test results show that COD and NH4 + can be removed after 2 h of electrolysis with minimal energy consumption (370 kWh/kg COD and 383 kWh/kg NH4 +). Although free radical species contribute to COD removal, anodes designed to enhance reactive chlorine production are more effective than those designed to enhance free radical production.
This study aimed to look at emotions perceived about the attributes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases related to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that were widespread across ...the world and identify their relevance to knowledge about infectious diseases and preventative behaviors.
Texts to measure emotional cognition were selected through a pre-test, and 282 people were chosen as participants based on the survey conducted for 20 days from August 19 to August 29, 2020, created with Google Forms. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 was used for the primary analysis, and the SNA package in R (version 4.0.2) was utilized to conduct the network analysis.
It was found that universal negative emotions such as feeling "anxious" (65.5%), "afraid" (46.1%), and "scared" (32.7%) commonly appeared among most people. Also, they were found to be feeling both positive ("caring" 42.3% and "strict" 28.2%) and negative ("frustrating" 39.1% and "isolated" 31.0%) emotions about efforts to prevent and curb the spread of COVID-19. In terms of emotional cognition for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases, "reliable" (43.3%) took the biggest ratio among the replies. The level of understanding about infectious diseases showed differences in emotional cognition, thereby affecting people's emotions. However, no differences were found in the practice of preventative behaviors.
Emotions associated with cognition in the context of pandemic infectious diseases have been found to be mixed. Furthermore, it can be seen that feelings vary depending on the degree of understanding of the infectious disease.
In Korea, the prevalence rate of hypertension among people aged over 30 is on an upward trend, which increased from 26.2% in 2008 to 28.3% in 2018. This hovers above the global morbidity rate of ...hypertension. As hypertension is the cause of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases, early treatment and management are critical. Also, while there has been numerous research conducted on exercise intervention, the number of studies done on hypertension and physical fitness falls far below. To identify the relationship between health and physical fitness depending on the blood pressure levels of Korean seniors, the physical fitness test results of the National Fitness Award 100 conducted in 2017 were used, and blood pressure level, physique, and physical fitness data of 17,110 elderly population aged above 65 were analyzed. IBM Statistics SPSS 25.0 was used to process the collected data. Due to the gender difference in blood pressure levels, physique, and physical strength, the analysis was conducted by each gender, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the differences in physique and physical strength depending on the blood pressure level. Also, Tukey's HDS test was conducted if such differences were found. All analyzes were tested at the significance level (α) of 0.05. As a result of comparing the physique factors by blood pressure level, only males showed a significant difference between groups in terms of height(p = .019), and higher blood pressure implied greater height. Also, for both genders, those with high blood pressure appeared to have greater body weight(p < .001), body fat percentage(p < .001), BMI(p < .001), waist circumference(p < .001), and waist-to-height ratio(p < .001),. In addition, as the result of comparing health-related physical strength and skill-related physical strength by blood pressure level, males showed a significant difference only in muscular strength(p = .026) and flexibility(p < .001), while females showed a significant difference between groups in terms of cardiovascular endurance(p < .001), muscular strength(p = .025), muscular endurance(p < .001), balance, and motor coordination except for flexibility. Holistically, males only showed a significant difference in muscular strength and flexibility while females appeared to have a significant difference between groups in all categories except flexibility, which can be considered that physical fitness factors influence the blood pressure of females more than males.
The present study examined cultural differences in the act of sharing positive events with others, called capitalization attempts. The first three studies tested whether capitalization attempts ...differ between two cultures using multiple methods: self-reports (Study 1), children’s storybooks (Study 2), and Facebook (Study 3). We found that Koreans are less likely to share their positive events with others than European Americans. Study 4 further examined the antecedents and consequences of capitalization attempts. We replicated the earlier findings that Koreans are hesitant to share their positive events and demonstrated that this is because Koreans are more concerned about the potential negative consequences for social relationships. Moreover, we found that the cultural differences in capitalization attempts partly account for mean-level differences in well-being between cultures. Implications for capitalization, culture, and well-being are discussed.
Studies on deep-learning-based behavioral pattern recognition have recently received considerable attention. However, if there are insufficient data and the activity to be identified is changed, a ...robust deep learning model cannot be created. This work contributes a generalized deep learning model that is robust to noise not dependent on input signals by extracting features through a deep learning model for each heterogeneous input signal that can maintain performance while minimizing preprocessing of the input signal. We propose a hybrid deep learning model that takes heterogeneous sensor data, an acceleration sensor, and an image as inputs. For accelerometer data, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) and convolutional block attention module models (CBAM), and apply bidirectional long short-term memory and a residual neural network. The overall accuracy was 94.8% with a skeleton image and accelerometer data, and 93.1% with a skeleton image, coordinates, and accelerometer data after evaluating nine behaviors using the Berkeley Multimodal Human Action Database (MHAD). Furthermore, the accuracy of the investigation was revealed to be 93.4% with inverted images and 93.2% with white noise added to the accelerometer data. Testing with data that included inversion and noise data indicated that the suggested model was robust, with a performance deterioration of approximately 1%.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of inflammatory joint damage, wherein C-reactive protein and autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide ...(anti-CCP) are rapidly elevated. These serological factors are diagnostic markers of RA; however, their sensitivity and specificity for prediction warrant improvement for an early and accurate diagnosis.
We aimed to identify alternative biomarkers by serum protein profiling using LC-MS/MS. We performed statistical and functional analysis of differentially expressed proteins to identify biomarker candidates complementing conventional serological tests.
Seven biomarker candidates were verified through multiple reaction monitoring-based quantitative analysis, of which angiotensinogen (AGT), serum amyloid A-4 protein (SAA4), vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) had an area under the curve over 0.8, thus distinguishing RA patients, including seronegative (RF- and anti-CCP-negative) RA patients, from healthy controls.
Therefore, among seronegative RA patients, a four-biomarker panel (AGT, SAA4, VDBP, and RBP4) can prevent false negatives and help diagnose RA accurately.
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