NK cells play a role in various cancers, but their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still needs to be explored. All public data are obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program ...(TCGA) database. All analysis was performed using specific packages in R software. In our study, we quantified the immune microenvironment of HNSCC through multiple algorithms. Next, we identified NK cell‐associated genes by quantifying NK cells, including SSNA1, TRIR, PAXX, DPP7, WDR34, EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1. Then, we explored the single‐cell expression pattern of these genes in the HNSCC microenvironment. Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the EZR, PHLDA1 and ELOVL1 were related to the prognosis of HNSCC patients. Following this, we selected EZR for further analysis. Our results showed that the patients with high EZR expression might have a poor prognosis and worse clinical features. Biological enrichment analysis showed that EZR is associated with many oncogenic pathways and a higher tumour stemness index. Meanwhile, we found that EZR can remodel the immune microenvironment of HNSCC. Moreover, we noticed that EZR could affect the immunotherapy and specific drug sensitivity, making it an underlying clinical target. In summary, our results can improve the understanding of NK cell in HNSCC. Meanwhile, we identified EZR as the underlying clinical target of HNSCC.
This work investigates the spectrality of a self-affine measure
μ
M
,
D
and the related digit set
D
in the case when
|
det
(
M
)
|
=
p
α
is a prime power and
|
D
|
=
p
is a prime, where
α
∈
N
, and
μ
...M
,
D
is generated by an expanding matrix
M
∈
M
n
(
Z
)
and a digit set
D
⊂
Z
n
of cardinality |
D
|. We obtain that
μ
M
,
D
is a spectral measure and
D
is a spectral set if one nonzero element in
D
satisfies certain mild conditions. This is based on the property of vanishing sums of roots of unity and a residue system in number theory. The result here extends the corresponding known results and provides some supportive evidence for a conjecture of Dutkay, Han, and Jorgensen.
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•BPC CE was constructed with a B-doped carbon layer onto the P-doped carbon.•BPC CE was developed as efficient hole extractor for HTM-free perovskite solar cell.•B and P co-doping ...tuned the work function and electrical conductivity of carbon CE.•The TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/BPC solar cell delivered a power conversion efficiency of 6.78%.
Chemical doping is adopted to tune the work function and electrical conductivity of carbon counter electrode (CE) in HTM-free organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, the boron and phosphorus co-doped carbon (BPC) CE is constructed by coating a B doped carbon layer onto the P-doped carbon (PC). The work function of BPC CE with B/P co-doping (B: 2.68at.%, P: 2.23at.%) is thus regulated to 5.12eV from the 5.01eV of pure carbon and 4.81eV of PC, and the sheet resistance is modulated to 8.41Ωsq−1 from 14.75Ωsq−1 of pure carbon and 7.89Ωsq−1 of PC. As a consequence, the BPC-based PSCs deliver a power conversion efficiency of 6.78%, higher than those of pristine carbon (3.72%), PC (5.39%) and BC (5.20%) based PSCs, and even comparable to that of conventional Au-based device (7.22%), due to the enhanced hole extraction ability and the maintained high electronic conductivity. Moreover, the good stability in ambient condition over a period of 720h is also demonstrated in the BPC-based PSCs. The successful application of BPC CE in PSCs shows a promising way for fabricating low-cost, large-scale and highly efficient PSCs in future.
This paper aims to propose an efficient network and applies it as an adaptive filter for the signal processing problems. An adaptive filter is proposed using a novel interval type-2 fuzzy cerebellar ...model articulation controller (T2FCMAC). The T2FCMAC realizes an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system based on the structure of the CMAC. Due to the better ability of handling uncertainties, type-2 fuzzy sets can solve some complicated problems with outstanding effectiveness than type-1 fuzzy sets. In addition, the Lyapunov function is utilized to derive the conditions of the adaptive learning rates, so that the convergence of the filtering error can be guaranteed. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed adaptive T2FCMAC filter, it is tested in signal processing applications, including a nonlinear channel equalization system, a time-varying channel equalization system, and an adaptive noise cancellation system. The advantages of the proposed filter over the other adaptive filters are verified through simulations.
The solvent extraction, complexing ability, and basicity of tetradentate N-donor 2,9-bis(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (CyMe4-BT- Phen) and its ...derivatives functionalized by Br, hydroxyphenyl, nitryl were discussed and compared. It was demonstrated that four BTPhen ligands are able to selectively extract Am(lll) over Eu(lll). It was notable that the distribution ratio of 5-nitryl-CyMe4-BTPhen for Eu(lll) was suppressed under 0.02, which was much lower compared to DEu(lll) = 1 by CyMe4-BTPhen. The analysis of the effect of the substituent on the affinity to lanthanides was conducted by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopic titration. The stability constants of various ligands with Eu(lll) were obtained by fitting titration curve. Additionally, the basicity of various ligands was determined to be 3.1 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.1 by NMR in the media of CD3OD with the addition of DClO4. The basicity of ligands follows the order of L1 > L2 > L3 > L4, indicating the tendency of protonation decreases with the electron-withdrawing ability increase.
Distributed fiber sensing (DFS) can provide real-time signals and warnings. The entire length of fiber optic cable can act as a sensing element, but the accuracy is sometimes limited. On the other ...hand, point-to-point fiber sensing (PPFS) is usually implemented using one or more fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) at specific positions along with the fiber for the monitoring of specific parameters (temperature, strain, pressure, and so on). However, the cost becomes expensive when the number of FBGs increases. A hybrid fiber sensing scheme is thus proposed, combining the advantages of DFS and PPFS. It is based on a Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) fiber system with additional FBGs embedded at certain positions where it is necessary to detect specific parameters. The hybrid fiber sensing system has the advantages of full sensing coverage at essential locations that need to be carefully monitored. In our work, the test results showed that the proposed system could achieve a sensing distance of 16 km with the single-mode fiber with a 2 m spatial resolution. For FBG parameter measurements, the temperature variation was 52 °C, from 25 °C to 77 °C, with a temperature sensitivity of 23 pm/°C, and the strain was from 0 to 400 µε, with a strain sensitivity of 0.975 pm/µε, respectively, using two FBGs.
Nanosilica was firstly reacted with the reactive antioxidant, methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (AO), via transesterification, to form a nanosilica-immobilized antioxidant, ...AO-silica. And then it was incorporated into polypropylene (PP) by melt compounding. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with the other characterization methods elucidated that the reactive antioxidant was chemically immobilized onto the nanosilica surface. SEM observation showed that the nanosilica-immobilized antioxidant was homogeneously dispersed into the matrix of PP. It has been reported that the antioxidative efficiency of AO-silica was superior to the corresponding low molecular counterpart (AO), based on the measurement of the oxidation induction time (OIT) of the PP/AO-silica and the PP/AO compounds containing equivalent antioxidant component. By paying attention to the changes of carbonyl absorption at different UV exposure times, it was observed that the UV aging-resistance ability of PP/nanosilica-immobilized antioxidant was much higher than that of PP/neat nanosilica compound during the long-time accelerated photo aging.
Safety issues of animal derived food have been emerging one after another, and the using of the illegal addictives and abuse of high-risk chemicals bred for livestock have been increasingly serious ...from melamine, lean meat powder, Sudan Red, plasticizing agent, waste oils to leather milk. How to determine these chemicals faces severe challenges. Infrared spectroscopy is the same powerful for material structures as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrum. There are few researches about quality and safety of livestocks products. In this article, some researches in analyzing structures has been reviewed, including studies of spectral features, molecular conformation, stability, homologous series, derivative and reaction products, inferring functional groups of macromolecular compounds and molecular structural formula and distinguishing complex biological samples. Forming the new thought screening contaminants maybe used for animals is expected to early warning addictiv
Functional food for prevention of chronic diseases is one of this century's key global challenges. Cancer is not only the first or second leading cause of death in China and other countries across ...the world, but also has diet as one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Major dietary factors now known to promote cancer development are polished grain foods and low intake of fresh vegetables, with general importance for an unhealthy lifestyle and obesity. The strategies of cancer prevention in human being are increased consumption of functional foods like whole grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and by-products, as well some vegetables (bitter melon, garlic, onions, broccoli, and cabbage) and mushrooms (boletes and Tricholoma matsutake). In addition some beverages (green tea and coffee) may be protective. Southwest China (especially Yunnan Province) is a geographical area where functional crop production is closely related to the origins of human evolution with implications for anticancer influence.
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