Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and the search for better markers has become one of the challenges today. It has been found that the L6 superfamily regulates ...the biological functions of numerous tumors, but transmembrane 4 L six family member 18 (TM4SF18) has been rarely reported. We found that TM4SF18 expression is upregulated in GC tissues and cells, which can be effectively diagnosed and dynamically monitored to assess the prognosis of GC patients. Furthermore, knockdown of TM4SF18 effectively inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, and affected the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process. TM4SF18 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC by univariate and multifactorial Cox analyses as well as by establishing nomogram plots. In addition, in TM4SF18 and immune correlation analysis, TM4SF18 expression levels were found to be negatively correlated with most immune cell marker genes and associated with numerous immune cells and immune pathways, resulting in less benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In summary, we found that TM4SF18 is a promising GC biomarker that promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of GC cells, and is associated with immune response.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and there is a need to find better markers. We found that TM4SF18 expression is upregulated in GC tissues and cells, regulates GC cell function, and correlates with the immune microenvironment, and TM4SF18 could act as a good biomarker in GC.
Dynamically induced Coulomb failure in the overriding wedge significantly affects energy radiation of shallow subduction earthquakes. For a wedge on the verge of failure, extensive fluid-assisted ...coseismic failure due to updip rupture causes significant seafloor uplift above a shallow dipping basal fault. The large inelastic uplift, greatly enhanced by the presence of free surface, significantly dilates the fault behind the rupture front during the rupture propagation, which reduces the effective normal stress and sliding friction on the fault, and increases the dynamic stress drop and slip velocity. As a result, slip-velocity time histories in the shallow section of the fault tend to have a ‘snail-like’ shape, leading to depletion of high frequencies in the slip velocity field and the resultant source time function. We also show that the failure in the wedge acts as a large energy sink (while contributing to seismic moment), giving rise to distributed heat generation (i.e., small heat flow anomaly across the fault), low moment-scaled radiated energy, slow rupture velocity, and small directivity, which provides a unifying interpretation for nearly all anomalous observations documented for shallow subduction earthquakes.
•Extensive wedge failure and free surface promote ‘snail-like’ earthquake ruptures.•The ‘snail-like’ rupture leads to depletion in high-frequency radiation.•Extensive failure is an energy sink, leading to low moment-scaled energy.
Considering the drug treatment strategy in both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions, this paper presents an HIV model with Filippov control. Given the threshold level $ N_t $, when the total ...number of infected cells is less or greater than threshold level $ N_t $, the threshold dynamics of the model are studied by using the Routh-Hurwitz Criterion. When the total number of infected cells is equal to $ N_t $, the sliding mode equations are obtained by Utkin equivalent control method, and the dynamics are studied. In addition, the optimal control strategy is introduced for the case that the number of infected cells is greater than $ N_t $. By dynamic programming, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is constructed, and the optimal control is obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the validity of our results.
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic DNA virus that belongs to the poxvirus family. Conventional laboratory methods for detecting MPXV are complex and expensive, making them unsuitable for ...detecting the virus in regions with limited resources. In this study, we using the Helicase dependent amplification (HDA) method and the Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technique in combination with the lateral flow test (LFT), together with a self-designed qPCR technique for the detection of the MPXV specific conserved fragment F3L, to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the three assays. By analyzing the sensitivity detection results using Probit, it can be seen that the limit of detection (LOD) of the HDA-LFT detection target is 9.86 copies/µL (95% confidence interval, CI 7.52 copies/µL lower bound), the RPA-LFT detection target is 6.97 copies/µL (95% CI 3.90 copies/µL lower bound), and the qPCR detection target is 479.24 copies/mL (95% CI 273.81 copies/mL lower bound). The specificity test results showed that the specificity of the three methods mentioned above was higher than 90% in detecting pseudoviruses of the same genus of MPXV. The simple, highly sensitive, and specific MPXV assay developed in this study is anticipated to provide a solid foundation for future applications in the early screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of the efficacy of MPXV. This is the first time the HDA-LFT assay has been utilized to detect MPXV infection.
Rodents are natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses and widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the virome in local rodent species could provide baseline of ...viral content and assist in efforts to reduce the risk for future emergence of rodent related zoonotic diseases. A total of 205 tissue and fecal samples from 41 wild Qinghai voles were collected. Metagenomic analyses were performed to outline the characteristics of the viromes, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify the novel viral genomes. The virome distribution among five tissues (liver, lung, spleen, small intestine with content and feces) was also compared. We identified sequences related to 46 viral families. Novel viral genomes from distinct evolutionary lineages with known viruses were characterized for their genomic and evolutionary characteristics, including Hepatovirus, Hepacivirus, Rotavirus, and Picobirnavirus. Further analyses revealed that the core virome harbored by rodent internal tissues were quite different from the virome found in intestine and fecal samples. These findings provide an overview of the viromes in wild Qinghai voles, which are unique and the most common rodent species in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A high diversity of viruses is likely present in rodent species in this area.
The main varieties of
recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are the roots of
Tausch or
Hance. However, the chemical constituents and biological activities of this herb have not been reviewed. In ...order to clarify the chemical constituents of the main varieties of this herb and improve the quality of Chinese medicinal material resources, this paper systematically reviewed their chemical constituents and related biological activities. Phytochemical investigations reveal eighty-five compounds including fort y-nine thiophenes (
-
), eight flavonoids (
-
), seven caffeic acids and its derivatives (
-
), eight sesquiterpenoids (
-
), and thirteen triterpenoids and other compounds (
-
) were reported from
. The review of biological activities suggests that thiophenes are the main secondary metabolites of the medicinal material which exert antitumor, insecticidal and antifungal activities. In addition, caffeic acid and its derivatives and sesquiterpenes are potential active ingredients worthy of further study. This review provides an important scientific basis for the development of active ingredients and resource quality evaluation of
.
•N-induced p release was most pronounced in summer and from sediment rich in organic matter.•Sediment acidification by long-term n application partly explained the p release.•A positive feedback loop ...of “P-algae-fish” was found.•In this loop, algae-stimulated fish-biomass increased disturbance, promoting p release.
The unprecedented global increase in the anthropogenic-derived nitrogen (N) input may have profound effects on phosphorus (P) dynamics and may potentially lead to enhanced eutrophication as demonstrated in short-term mesocosm experiments. However, the role of N-influenced P release is less well studied in large-scale ecosystems. To gain more insight into ecosystem effects, we conducted a five-year large-scale experiment in ten ponds (700–1000 m2 each) with two types of sediments and five targeted total N concentrations (TN) by adding NH4Cl fertilizer (0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 25 mg N L−1). The results showed that: (ⅰ) The sediment P release increased significantly when TN exceeded 10–25 mg N L−1. (ⅱ) The most pronounced sediment P release increase occurred in summer and from sediments rich in organic matter (OMSed). (ⅲ) TN, algal biomass, fish biomass, non-algal turbidity, sediment pH, and OMSed were the dominant factors explaining the sediment P release, as suggested by piecewise structural equation modeling. We propose several mechanisms that may have stimulated P release, i.e. high ammonium input causes a stoichiometric N:P imbalance and induce alkaline phosphatase production and dissolved P uptake by phytoplankton, leading to enhanced inorganic P diffusion gradient between sediment and water; higher pelagic fish production induced by the higher phytoplankton production may have led increased sediment P resuspension through disturbance; low oxygen level in the upper sediment caused by nitrification and organic decomposition of the settled phytoplankton and, finally, long-term N application-induced sediment acidification as a net effect of ammonium hydrolysis, nitrification, denitrification; The mechanisms revealed by this study shed new light on the complex processes underlying the N-stimulated sediment P release, with implications also for the strategies used for restoring eutrophicated lakes.
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Alginate, an important acidic polysaccharide in marine multicellular algae, has attracted attention as a promising biomass resource for the production of medical and agricultural chemicals. Alginate ...lyase is critical for saccharification and utilization of alginate. Discovering appropriate and efficient enzymes for depolymerizing alginate into fermentable fractions plays a vital role in alginate commercial exploitation. Herein, a unique alginate lyase, AlgSH7, belonging to polysaccharide lyase 7 family is purified and characterized from an alginate-utilizing bacterium
sp. SH-1. The purified AlgSH7 shows a specific activity of 12,908.26 U/mg, and its molecular weight is approximately 66.4 kDa. The optimal temperature and pH of AlgSH7 are 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. The enzyme exhibits stability at temperatures below 30 °C and within an extensive pH range of 5.0-9.0. Metal ions including Na
, K
, Al
, and Fe
considerably enhance the activity of the enzyme. AlgSH7 displays a preference for poly-mannuronic acid (polyM) and a very low activity towards poly-guluronic acid (polyG). TLC and ESI-MS analysis indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysates mainly include disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides. Noteworthy, the alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) prepared by AlgSH7 have an eliciting activity against chilling stress in Chinese flowering cabbage (
L.). These results suggest that AlgSH7 has a great potential to design an effective process for the production of alginate oligomers for agricultural applications.
Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, which can be used as ...biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many tumors. However, the role and potential regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GC remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that a specific circRNA, circHAS2, was upregulated in GC tissues and cells and was positively correlated with tumor metastasis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that circHAS2 knockdown or the addition of hsa-miR-944 mimics inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of GC cells and affected the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, hsa-miR-944 interacted with protein phosphatase, Mg
/Mn
-dependent 1E (PPM1E), and was found to be a target gene of circHAS2. The upregulation of PPM1E reversed the effects of circHAS2 knockout on GC cells. The circHAS2/hsa-miR-944/PPM1E axis may be involved in the progression of GC; thus, circHAS2 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
Abstract
Previous observations have shown that the ≲10 au, ≳400 K hot inner disk of the archetypal accretion outburst young stellar object, FU Ori, is dominated by viscous heating. To constrain dust ...properties in this region, we have performed radio observations toward this disk using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in 2020 June–July, September, and November. We also performed complementary optical photometric monitoring observations. We found that the dust thermal emission from the hot inner disk mid-plane of FU Ori has been approximately stationary and the maximum dust grain size is ≳1.6 mm in this region. If the hot inner disk of FU Ori, which is inward of the 150–170 K water snowline, is turbulent (e.g., corresponding to a Sunyaev & Shakura viscous
α
t
≳ 0.1), or if the actual maximum grain size is still larger than the lower limit we presently constrain, then as suggested by the recent analytical calculations and the laboratory measurements, water-ice-free dust grains may be stickier than water-ice-coated dust grains in protoplanetary disks. Additionally, we find that the free–free emission and the Johnson
B-
and
V
-band magnitudes of these binary stars were brightening in 2016–2020. The optical and radio variability might be related to the dynamically evolving protostellar- or disk-accretion activities. Our results highlight that the hot inner disks of outbursting objects are important laboratories for testing models of dust grain growth. Given the active nature of such systems, to robustly diagnose the maximum dust grain sizes, it is important to carry out coordinated multiwavelength radio observations.
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