An unprecedented rise in the number of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) cases has been reported in India. Myriad hypotheses are proposed for the outbreak. We recently reported uncontrolled ...diabetes and inappropriate steroid therapy as significant risk factors for the outbreak. However, Mucorales contamination of hospital environment was not studied.
To perform a multi-centre study across India to determine possible Mucorales contamination of hospital environment during the outbreak.
Eleven hospitals from four zones of India representing high to low incidence for mucormycosis cases were included in the study. Samples from a variety of equipment used by the patients and ambient air were collected during May 19th, 2021 through August 25th, 2021.
None of the hospital equipment sampled was contaminated with Mucorales. However, Mucorales were isolated from 11.1% air-conditioning vents and 1.7% of patients' used masks. Other fungi were isolated from 18% of hospital equipment and surfaces, and 8.1% of used masks. Mucorales grew from 21.7% indoor and 53.8% outdoor air samples. Spore counts of Mucorales in air were significantly higher in the hospitals of North and South zones compared to West and East zones (P < 0.0001). Among Mucorales isolated from the environment, Rhizopus spp. were the most frequent genus.
Contamination of air-conditioning vents and hospital air by Mucorales was found. Presence of Mucorales in these areas demands regular surveillance and improvement of hospital environment, as contamination may contribute to healthcare-associated mucormycosis outbreaks, especially among immunocompromised patients.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is a common bacterial infection. The emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) poses a major challenge against the treatment of uropathogens. We ...aimed to characterize the E. coli isolates recovered from children with UTI for their resistance profile and circulating sequence types (ST).
Children (> 1.5-18 years of age) from different community health centres of India with symptoms of UTI were enrolled. Isolates causing significant bacteriuria were identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the automated system, VITEK-2 (Biomeriux, Durhum, US). Nineteen E. coli isolates (15 ESBL positive and 4 ESBL negative) were sequenced in Oxford Nanopore platform followed by core-genome phylogeny, accessory genome cluster analysis, identification of sequence types, mobile genetic elements, genetic antimicrobial resistance markers. The correlation between detection of antimicrobial resistance genes with phenotypic resistance profiles was also investigated.
Eleven percent of children had significant bacteriuria male:female-1:1, > 50% were 11-18 years of age group. E. coli was predominant (86%) followed by K. pneumoniae (11%). Susceptibility of E. coli was highest against fosfomycin (100%) followed by carbapenems (90.7%) and nitrofurantoin (88.8%). ST131 (15.8%) and ST167 (10.5%) found as high-risk clones with the presence of plasmid IncFIB (63.1%), IncFIA (52.6%), and composite transposon Tn2680 (46.6%) in many isolates. Few isolates coharboured multiple beta-lactamases including bla
(33.3%), bla
(53.3%), bla
(60%) and bla
(60%).
This study highlights horizontal transmission of resistance genes and plasmids in paediatric patients at community centers across the nation harbouring multidrug-resistant genes such as bla
and bla
associated with high-risk clones ST131 and ST167. The data is alarming and emphasizes the need for rapid identification of resistance markers to reduce the spread in community. To our knowledge, this is the first multicentric study targeting paediatric UTI patients from the community setting of India.
Introduction: Scrub typhus is a common but neglected cause of Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) in India. Under diagnosis of this severe disease with protean manifestations, can negatively influence the ...treatment and outcome. Early laboratory diagnosis by appropriate means is therefore important. In addition, as antigenically diverse variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi (O.tsutsugamushi)are known to exist and evolve, information regarding the strain types is also crucial. Aim: To know the clinical spectrum, laboratory diagnosis by different modalities, outcome and strain variation of scrub typhus in Southern India. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bengaluru, Southern India from June 2015 to May 2017. Hundred clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus (rickettsioses) were enrolled. Serum and EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) blood samples were subjected to serodiagnosis for scrub typhus and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) respectively. Strain characterisation was done by Microimmunofluorescence (MIF), PCR-RFLP and phylogenetic analysis. Patients were followed-up for four weeks. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Laboratory evidence of scrub typhus was showed by 38% of the cases. Seropositivity was more in comparison to PCR. Paediatric preponderance and seasonal trend was evident. Strain typing showed presence of different strain types, with no correlation between clinical features and strain types. PCR-RFLP results correlated well with phylogeny, while MIF results did not match. All the patients responded to doxycycline, except for 12% who succumbed. Conclusion: Different strain types of O. tsutsugamushi are known to cause scrub typhus in Southern India. PCR-RFLP can be a useful preliminary tool for strain typing in resource poor settings, where phylogenetic analysis is not possible. Early diagnosis and treatment helps in improved outcome.
Ongoing need of alternative strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection is undeniable. Self-collected samples without viral transport media (VTM), coupled with simple nucleic acid extraction methods for ...SARS-CoV-2 PCR are beneficial.
To evaluate results of SARS-CoV-2 PCR using simple nucleic acid extraction methods from self -collected saliva and oral swabs without VTM.
A cross-sectional single-centre study was conducted on 125 participants (101 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases and 24 controls). PCR was performed following five simple nucleic acid extraction methods on self -collect saliva and oral swabs without VTM and results were compared with gold standard PCR. For saliva, kit-based extraction (SKE), Proteinase K and Heat extraction (SPHE), only Heat extraction (SHE) methods and for dry oral swabs, Proteinase K and Heat extraction (DPHE) and only Heat extraction (DHE) was performed.
SARS-CoV-2 was detected in self-collected saliva and oral swabs. 93.07% were correctly classified as positive by SKE, 69.31% by SHE, 67.33% by SPHE, 67.33% by DPHE and 55.45% by DHE. Discriminant power of SKE was significantly higher than other methods (p-value < 0.001) with good- fair agreement of alternate extraction methods against gold standard.
Combination of self-collected saliva/ oral-swab without VTM and alternative RNA extraction methods offer a simplified, economical substitute strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Millennials (age: 25-32 years) and Generation-Z individuals (age: 10-25 years) exhibit a shift in the occurrence of gallbladder diseases, which may be related to changes in lifestyle and genetics. In ...light of these findings, we performed a retrospective observational study on patients who underwent gallbladder surgeries to determine the trend in gallbladder diseases in young adults. Both categorical and continuous data on 90 patients were collected between January 2020 and June 2021 and analysed retrospectively, with differences considered significant at a p-value of 0.05. The diagnosis of gallstones in young adults is presently complicated, as the signs and symptoms of biliary tract sickness differ significantly between those under and over 30 years of age. We observed that gallbladder diseases and their complications were highly common in individuals between the ages of 21 and 25 years. We discovered that gallstones were more common in teenagers than previously thought. Delays in intervention resulted in future complications which could have been avoided.
Dirofilariasis: a rare case report Singh, R; Shwetha, J V; Samantaray, J C ...
Indian journal of medical microbiology,
01/2010, Letnik:
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection most commonly caused by Dirofilaria repens. It has not been widely recognized in India. There is probably a focus of human infection with D. repens in ...Kerala. We report the first case of dirofilariasis, from the Eastern-part of India, to the best of our knowledge. Among the documented cases of human dirofilariasis caused by D. repens, recorded in India, most of them had ocular infections and few had subcutaneous involvement of the face. This is the first case report of human dirofilariasis from India involving the lower part of human body.
This research investigated the role of oxidative enzymes in the defense response of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poales: Poaceae), to the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani ...(Diptera: Muscidae). Changes in polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity and total protein content were observed in resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to A. soccata feeding. Resistant plants exhibited higher levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities and total protein content compared with susceptible plants. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities and total protein content in the infested resistant and susceptible genotypes were higher when compared with their control plants, respectively. These findings suggest that resistant genotypes may be able to tolerate shoot fly feeding by increasing their peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Among the enzymes examined, differences in isozyme profiles for peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were detected between control and infested IS 18551, M35-1, 296B, SSV 84, and DJ 6514 plants. Differences in protein profiles were observed between A. soccata infested and their respective uninfested controls of all the genotypes. In conclusion, this study revealed that these defense enzymes and proteins might attribute to the resistance mechanisms in sorghum plants against A. soccata infestation.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in clinical practice worldwide in both healthcare and community settings causing significant morbidity and mortality. It is one of ...the major conditions at the community level treated empirically and regarded as a potential cause of emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Limited information is available regarding community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI) from India.
This is a first of its kind, multicentric-cross-sectional study at the community level targeting patients attending the out-patient department (OPD) of the community health centre (CHC) from four geographical regions (North, South, West and East) of India. The study had been designed to determine the epidemiology, antibiogram profile and identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer and carbapenem resistant (CR) uropathogens. Samples were collected prospectively from UTI suspected patients coming at CHC and processed at the tertiary healthcare centres using a common standard operating procedure. Clinical history of all the patients exhibiting significant bacteriuria was collected and data was analysed.
Overall, 250 out of a total of 2459 (10.1 %) urine samples were positive for bacteria with significant bacteriuria (adult: paediatrics, 6.7 : 1). Females were predominantly affected (male: female, 1 : 2.9). History of recent episode of UTI was observed as the commonest risk factor followed by diabetes mellitus. Altogether, 86 % of total cases were caused by
(68 %) and
(17.6 %) together. Among the commonly used oral antibiotics for the Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), the highest resistance was observed against beta-lactams, first- and second-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and co-trimoxazole. Overall, the prevalence of ESBL producer and CR isolates were 44.8, and 4.3 %, respectively. However, the ESBL production, CR and nitrofurantoin resistance among the uropathogenic
(UPEC) isolates was 52.8, 5.1 and 14 %, respectively. No resistance was found against fosfomycin among the UPEC isolates.
The current study highlights the increasing incidence of AMR among uropathogens at the community-settings of India. A significant percentage of ESBL producers among the isolated UPEC and
were observed. The currently available evidence supports the clinical recommendation of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin for empiric therapy in CA-UTI in India.
Soil extract media for sporulation of Apophysomyces elegans Mohapatra, Sarita; Xess, Immaculata; Shwetha, J V ...
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology/Indian journal of pathology and microbiology,
10/2010, Letnik:
53, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Perturbation biology is a powerful approach to modeling quantitative cellular behaviors and understanding detailed disease mechanisms. However, large-scale protein response resources of cancer cell ...lines to perturbations are not available, resulting in a critical knowledge gap. Here we generated and compiled perturbed expression profiles of ∼210 clinically relevant proteins in >12,000 cancer cell line samples in response to ∼170 drug compounds using reverse-phase protein arrays. We show that integrating perturbed protein response signals provides mechanistic insights into drug resistance, increases the predictive power for drug sensitivity, and helps identify effective drug combinations. We build a systematic map of “protein-drug” connectivity and develop a user-friendly data portal for community use. Our study provides a rich resource to investigate the behaviors of cancer cells and the dependencies of treatment responses, thereby enabling a broad range of biomedical applications.
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•A large collection of cancer cell line protein responses to drug perturbations•Perturbed protein responses greatly increase predictive power for drug sensitivity•A systematic map of protein-drug connectivity was built based on response profiles•A user-friendly, interactive data portal was developed for community use
Zhao et al. profile the protein responses of a large collection of cancer cell lines to drug perturbations using the RPPA platform and build a systematic protein-drug connectivity map. The integration of perturbed protein responses provides better prediction of drug sensitivity and insights into drug-resistance mechanisms and combination therapies.
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