Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for specific cancers of the head and neck, particularly malignancies of the tonsil and base of the tongue. However, the role of HPV in the ...development of laryngeal cancer has not been definitively established. We conducted a population-based, cancer registry study to evaluate and characterize the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in invasive laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed in the U.S.
The presence of genotype-specific HPV DNA was evaluated using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Assay in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue from 148 invasive laryngeal cancer cases diagnosed in 1993-2004 within the catchment area of three U.S. SEER cancer registries.
HPV DNA was detected in 31 of 148 (21%) invasive laryngeal cancers. Thirteen different genotypes were detected. Overall, HPV 16 and HPV 33 were the most commonly detected types. HPV was detected in 33% (9/27) of women compared with 18% (22/121) of men (p = 0.08). After adjustment for age and year of diagnosis, female patients were more likely to have HPV-positive laryngeal tumors compared to males (adjusted OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.07-7.51). Viral genotype differences were also observed between the sexes. While HPV 16 and 18 constituted half of HPV-positive cases occurring in men, among women, only 1 was HPV 16 positive and none were positive for HPV 18. Overall 5-year survival did not vary by HPV status.
HPV may be involved in the development of a subset of laryngeal cancers and its role may be more predominant in women compared to men.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe a 34-year-old male with hereditary bilateral retinoblastoma treated with radiotherapy as a child who developed 4 distinct tumors within the radiation ...field. Methods: A 34-year-old male with bilateral retinoblastoma status postradiation therapy and recurrence requiring enucleation presented with left-eye visual acuity changes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left orbital mass and a right parasellar complex lobulated mass (right sphenoid and right cavernous sinus). Two weeks later, the patient underwent excision of the orbital mass and biopsy of an upper-lid nodule. This was followed by craniotomy for removal of the complex mass. Results: Histology revealed 4 distinct tumors, including an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (left orbit), a radiation-induced meningioma (right sphenoid), a schwannoma (right cavernous sinus), and a basal-cell carcinoma (left lid). Conclusion: Although occurrence of a second neoplasm is a well-known outcome following radiation treatment in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma, the diagnosis of 4 additional neoplasms is rare. Pleomorphic sarcoma, radiation-induced meningioma, and schwannoma are uncommon tumors and not well represented in the literature describing irradiated retinoblastoma patients. Secondary malignancies are a leading cause of early death in retinoblastoma survivors, and long-term follow-up is crucial for patient care.
We report the case of a 15-year-old female with a medulloepithelioma who underwent enucleation following plaque brachytherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the histopathological ...findings of medulloepithelioma following brachytherapy. Histopathology revealed radiation-related changes such as hyalinized vessels, photoreceptor atrophy, degenerative changes of the retina, and preretinal fibrous tissue. Additionally, the retinal nerve fiber layer showed signs of cystoid edema. Subretinal fluid, not commonly associated with medulloepithelioma, was also noted on histology; interestingly, it was seen adjacent to the tumor on B scan prior to brachytherapy. After enucleation, hyaline cartilage was also present on histology, although neuroepithelium was absent. Although we do not have pathological confirmation that neuroepithelium was present prior to brachytherapy, it is possible that brachytherapy preferentially affected neuroepithelium, leading to decrease in tumor size.
To report a rare case of a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the lacrimal sac and discuss considerations for management of similar cases.
We present the case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with a ...primary lacrimal sac SFT for which she underwent en-bloc surgical resection. We discuss management options for SFTs and our surgical approach for this case: bilobed flap reconstruction of the medial canthus and inferior orbit.
We present an uncommon presentation of a rare tumor and a successful one-stage reconstruction with a bilobed flap.
To report two cases of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors masquerading as primary ocular disease.
Case 1 is a 38-year-old man who was referred with subacute onset diplopia and fluctuating ptosis ...suggestive of myasthenia gravis. Case 2 is a 21-year-old man who presented with blurry vision and was found to have a pigmented ciliary body mass and retinal detachment suggestive of uveal melanoma. Both patients were ultimately diagnosed with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Neuroendocrine tumors, though rare and infrequently metastatic to the eye and orbit, can initially present with ocular signs. A broad differential and careful consideration of ocular and systemic symptoms are critical in such challenging cases.
Specimen Processing for Ocular Tumors Ghiam, Benjamin Kambiz, MD; Ghaffarieh, Alireza, MD; Mathew, Anna J., MD ...
Advances in ophthalmology and optometry,
August 2019, Letnik:
4
Journal Article
Purpose: To describe late apical relapse of a choroidal melanoma at the site of fine needle aspiration biopsy 10 years following successful treatment with 125I brachytherapy. Methods: Retrospective ...case report of a 78-year-old male presenting 10 years following successful 125I brachytherapy for a choroidal melanoma with a medium-sized nodular amelanotic tumor recurrence at the site of the prior tumor biopsy. Results: Fundus photography and B-scan ultrasound documented the findings at presentation at our institution. The patient was followed closely for 8 weeks while information was retrieved from the treating institution. During this short period, there was significant apical tumor growth. Additionally, there was a clear clinical change compared to the last documented photos from 5 years prior at the treating institution. Enucleation was recommended. Pathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent choroidal melanoma at the apex of the treated lesion, at the site of prior biopsy. Systemic surveillance was negative for metastatic disease. Conclusion: Current literature suggests the majority of choroidal melanoma recurrences occur within 5 years following treatment. However, this case of recurrence 10 years after brachytherapy emphasizes the importance of life-long ophthalmic care for these patients. Additionally, this case demonstrates the possibility of a rare recurrence at a prior biopsy site.
To describe the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in invasive vaginal cancers diagnosed before the introduction of the HPV vaccine and evaluate if survival differed by HPV status.
Four ...population-based registries and three residual tissue repositories provided formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from microscopically confirmed primary vaginal cancer cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2005 that were tested by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction with type-specific hybridization in a central laboratory. Clinical, demographic, and all-cause survival data were assessed by HPV status.
Sixty cases of invasive vaginal cancer were included. Human papillomavirus was detected in 75% (45) and 25% (15) were HPV-negative. HPV 16 was most frequently detected (55% 33/60) followed by HPV 33 (18.3% 11/60). Only one case was positive for HPV 18 (1.7%) Multiple types were detected in 15% of the cases. Vaginal cancers in women younger than 60 years were more likely to be HPV 16- or HPV 18-positive (HPV 16 and 18) than older women, 77.3% compared with 44.7% (P=.038). The median age at diagnosis was younger in the HPV 16 and 18 (59 years) group compared with other HPV-positive (68 years) and no HPV (77 years) (P=.003). The HPV distribution did not significantly vary by race or ethnicity or place of residence. The 5-year unadjusted all-cause survival was 57.4% for women with HPV-positive vaginal cancers compared with 35.7% among those with HPV-negative tumors (P=.243).
Three fourths of all vaginal cancers in the United States had HPV detected, much higher than previously found, and 57% could be prevented by current HPV vaccines.
PDF
