The last two decades have seen two significant trends emerging within the philosophy of science: the rapid development and focus on the philosophy of the specialised sciences, and a resurgence of ...Aristotelian metaphysics, much of which is concerned with the possibility of emergence, as well as the ontological status and indispensability of dispositions and powers in science. Despite these recent trends, few Aristotelian metaphysicians have engaged directly with the philosophy of the specialised sciences. Additionally, the relationship between fundamental Aristotelian concepts—such as "hylomorphism", "substance", and "faculties"—and contemporary science has yet to receive a critical and systematic treatment. Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives on Contemporary Science aims to fill this gap in the literature by bringing together essays on the relationship between Aristotelianism and science that cut across interdisciplinary boundaries. The chapters in this volume are divided into two main sections covering the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of the life sciences. Featuring original contributions from distinguished and early-career scholars, this book will be of interest to specialists in analytical metaphysics and the philosophy of science.
This Element introduces Aristotle's doctrine of hylomorphism, which provides an account of substances in terms of their 'matter' and 'form', adapting and applying it to the interface between physics ...and biology. It begins by indicating some reasons for the current revival of hylomorphism and by suggesting a way of classifying the confusing array of hylomorphisms that have arisen. It argues that, in order for composite entities to have irreducible causal powers which make a difference to how nature unfolds, they must have substantial forms which transform their matter such that the powers of their physical parts are grounded in the composite entity as a whole. It suggests how a contemporary form of hylomorphism might contribute to the philosophy of biology by grounding the non-intentional form of teleology that features in the identity conditions of biological systems, affirming a real distinction between living organisms and heaps of matter. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
A number of cohorts and clinical trials have reported observing associations between intraindividual variation of biomarkers and manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Intraindividual (or ...'visit-to-visit') variability of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and triglyceride have all been found to associate with CVD outcomes, independent of their mean absolute levels, independent of each other, and independent of other traditional risk factors. These findings have been confirmed recently in large cohort studies in different populations, and in post-hoc analyses of clinical trial data. Lipoprotein variability has been associated with myocardial infarction, other arterial disease including cerebrovascular, and with cardiovascular and overall mortality. The association of higher variability of LDL-C with atheroma progression has also been assessed directly using intravascular ultrasound and carotid intima-media thickness. The lipoprotein variability of an individual contributes to their residual risk of CVD, although the mechanism remains unclear.
There is compelling evidence that lipoprotein variability contributes to residual risk; however, a more standardized approach is required before the risk attributable to variability can be assessed effectively.
What’s the Matter with Super-Humeanism? Simpson, William M. R.
The British journal for the philosophy of science,
09/2021, Letnik:
72, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Esfeld has proposed a minimalist ontology of nature called ‘super-Humeanism’ that purports to accommodate quantum phenomena and avoid standard objections to neo-Humean metaphysics. I argue that ...Esfeld’s sparse ontology has counterintuitive consequences and generates two self-undermining dilemmas concerning the nature of time and space. Contrary to Esfeld, I deny that super-Humeanism supports an ontology of microscopic particles that follow continuous trajectories through space.
Profound Diarrhea After Cholecystectomy Simpson, William G.
Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943),
February 2019, 2019-02-00, 20190201, Letnik:
156, Številka:
3
Journal Article
The space of Retzius is an important anatomic location for pathology. Pathology in the space of Retzius is more common than previously believed, especially as more cases are discovered with increased ...use of cross-sectional imaging. Knowledge of the anatomy of the Space of Retzius is crucial for identifying and distinguishing between benign and pathological findings.
This paper uses several case examples to discuss benign etiologies, including normal tissue or a foreign body. The paper also demonstrates a case series with pathologic findings in the Space of Retzius under the broad categories of infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage, or urine extravasation. Understanding of the anatomy and these example cases can improve the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists.
•Knowledge of the anatomy of the Space of Retzius is crucial for identifying and distinguishing between benign and malignant findings.•Benign etiologies may include normal tissue (e.g., patent urachus), foreign body (e.g., penile implant reservoir), infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage, or urine extravasation following bladder perforation.•Malignant findings are rare and include urachal carcinoma and umbilical metastasis.
For the publication of DSM‐5, obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) was the subject of significant revisions to its classification and diagnostic criteria. One of these significant changes was the ...placement of OCD in a new category, “Obsessive‐Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs),” which also includes body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (hair‐pulling disorder), excoriation (skin‐picking) disorder, hoarding disorder, substance/medication‐induced OCRD, OCRD due to another medical condition, and other specified OCRDs. Changes in the diagnostic criteria and grouping of these disorders may have significant clinical implications, and will be reviewed in this article.
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