Incloud computing, the selection of an efficient multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method (with minimum time complexity and maximum robustness) is a challenging and interesting problem. The time ...complexity and robustness of a MCDM method depend upon the methodology of evaluating the best alternative (i.e., cloud service). Although numerous MCDM methods are proposed for the quality-of-service based service selection in the cloud, still the issue of selecting the most efficient method remains unresolved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the prominently used MCDM methods in terms of time complexity and robustness. The MCDM methods are used in the geographical region selection problem for Amazon Web Service cloud, and a comparative analysis of the obtained ranking results is performed. Further, application-specific analysis and sensitivity analysis are performed to ascertain the robustness of ranking methods. Experimental analysis is performed on the large-scale synthetic dataset to get the ranking overhead, i.e., time complexity of different MCDM methods.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important vegetable crop widely grown for diverse culinary and nutraceutical properties. Being a shallow-rooted plant, it is prone to drought. In the present study, ...transcriptome sequencing of drought-tolerant (1656) and drought-sensitive (1627) onion genotypes was performed to elucidate the molecular basis of differential response to drought stress. A total of 123206 and 139252 transcripts (average transcript length: 690 bases) were generated after assembly for 1656 and 1627, respectively. Differential gene expression analyses revealed upregulation and downregulation of 1189 and 1180 genes, respectively, in 1656, whereas in 1627, upregulation and downregulation of 872 and 1292 genes, respectively, was observed. Genes encoding transcription factors, cytochrome P450, membrane transporters, and flavonoids, and those related to carbohydrate metabolism were found to exhibit a differential expression behavior in the tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The information generated can facilitate a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying drought response in onion.
This paper presents a
P
ower and
R
esource
U
tilization-Aware
V
irtual
M
achine
S
cheduling (PRUVMS) algorithm for strengthening resource utilization and diminishing the energy consumption of servers ...in the cloud environment. The PRUVMS algorithm enhances the resource utilization by migrating the VMs from the underloaded/overloaded servers to a normal server, and it reduces the energy consumption by shutting down the underloaded servers after migrating the VMs. For selecting the suitable server for the VM placement, the ranking of the available servers is evaluated. An illustrative example is presented to validate the PRUVMS algorithm. Further, the PRUVMS algorithm is tested on the PlanetLab workload using the CloudSim simulator. The proposed PRUVMS algorithm improves resource utilization by 68.22% and 37.53% and decreases the energy consumption by 35.53% and 31.34% in comparison with PABFD and CAVMP algorithms, respectively. The improvement in computational results shows the acceptability of the proposed scheduling algorithm in the cloud environment.
Cloud is a specialized computing technology accommodating several million users to provide seamless services via the internet. The extension of this reverenced technology is growing abruptly with the ...increase in the number of users. One of the major issues with the cloud is that it receives a huge volume of workloads requesting resources to complete their executions. While executing these workloads, the cloud suffers from the issue of service level agreement (SLA) violations which impacts the performance and reputation of the cloud. Therefore, there is a requirement for an effective design that supports faster and optimal execution of workloads without any violation of SLA. To fill this gap, this article proposes an automatic multi-agent framework that ensures the minimization of the SLA violation rate in workload execution. The proposed framework includes seven major agents such as user agent, system agent, negotiator agent, coordinator agent, monitoring agent, arbitrator agent and the history agent. All these agents work cooperatively to enable the effective execution of workloads irrespective of their dynamic nature. With effective execution of workloads, the proposed model also resulted in an advantage of minimized energy consumption in data centres. The inclusion of a history agent within the framework enabled the model to predict future requirements based on the records of resource utilization. The proposed model followed the Poisson distribution to generate random numbers that are further used for evaluation purposes. The simulations of the model proved that model is more reliable in reducing SLA violations compared to the existing works. The proposed method resulted in an average SLA violation rate of 55.71% for 1200 workloads and resulted in an average energy consumption of 47.84kWh for 1500 workloads.
In recent years, plant molecular research on genetic mapping, gene tagging and cloning, and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) have gained importance in crop improvement programmes. In Capsicum, several ...inter‐ and intra‐specific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed. Recently, whole genome of the hot pepper C. annuum, its wild progenitor C. annuum var. glabriusculum and C. baccatum has been sequenced. The Capsicum genome size has been estimated to be approx. 4× (3.48 Gb) the genome size of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (900 Mb). Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would facilitate the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS. Till date, approx. 20 independently inherited nuclear male sterility (NMS) genes have been reported. Linked markers have been identified for ms1, ms3, ms8, ms10, msk, msc‐1 and an undesignated gene. However, markers tightly linked to ms8 and ms10 are still lacking. Except ms1, ms3, ms8 and ms10, the map position of other NMS genes is not known. In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), markers for the mitochondrial gene atp6 have been developed and the gene cloned. Number of markers some very tightly linked to the restorer‐of‐fertility (Rf) gene have been identified. However, the actual map position of the Rf locus is still not determined. Another CMS‐associated nuclear gene “pr” responsible for restoring partial fertility has been identified and tagged. In this review, we have compiled up‐to‐date information about the marker technology relating to the NMS and the CMS‐associated genes in Capsicum. This information can be useful when screening Capsicum germplasm, developing NMS lines through MAS, improving efficiency of the NMS system, transferring rf gene for maintainer line breeding and Rf genes for restorer line breeding in CMS and assessing genetic purity of the hybrid seed.
Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen is ubiquitous to different environments including the agroecosystem. The organism poses serious public health problem. Therefore, an attempt has been made ...to gain further insight to their antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes and the virulence genes.
Out of the 10 vegetables selected, 6 (brinjal, cauliflower, dolichos-bean, tomato, chappan-kaddu and chilli), 20 isolates (10%) tested positive for L. monocytogenes. The prevalence of the pathogen in the respective rhizosphere soil samples was 5%. Noticeably, L. monocytogenes was absent from only cabbage, broccoli, palak and cowpea, and also the respective rhizospheric soils. The 30 isolates + ve for pathogenicity, belonged to serogroup 4b, 4d or 4e, and all were positive for inlA, inlC, inlJ, plcA, prfA, actA, hlyA and iap gene except one (VC3) among the vegetable isolates that lacked the plcA gene. ERIC- and REP-PCR collectively revealed that isolates from vegetables and their respective rhizospheric soils had distinct PCR fingerprints.
The study demonstrates the prevalence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes in the selected agricultural farm samples. The increase in the number of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or cefoxitin seems to pose serious public health consequences.
Data centers in cloud environment consume high amount of energy which not only raises the electricity bills of the data center hosting organizations but also has the strong environmental footprints. ...Therefore, energy efficiency of the data centers has become an important research issue. Many energy efficiency approaches have been proposed in the literature for cloud. Efficient resource scheduling is one of the important approaches to achieve energy efficiency in cloud. In this paper, a task deadline-aware energy-efficient scheduling model for virtualized cloud is presented. Independent and dynamically arriving deadline-aware tasks are scheduled by virtualizing the physical hosts in the data center. The proposed scheduling model at the first instance achieves the energy efficiency by executing maximum workload in the operational state of the host and at the second instance by maximum energy saving in the idle state of the host. In the operational state of the host, maximum workload is executed by exploiting the task slack time in a new context, and in the idle state of the host, maximum energy is saved by deploying core-level granularity of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. The presented scheduling model is evaluated on the synthetic and real-world workload. Results clearly indicate that the presented scheduling model outperforms the existing scheduling model on the account of performance parameters of guarantee ratio, total energy consumption, energy consumption per task and resource utilization.
Eloquent information about the genetic basis of inheritance is important for any breeding program. Therefore, a diallel study was conducted under the influence of tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV) ...disease, using the eleven advanced lines of tomato. Firstly, information regarding percent disease index (PDI) was determined via artificial screening with viruliferous whiteflies. Later, these lines were crossed in a half diallel mating design to produce fifty-five one-way hybrids. These hybrids and parental genotypes were evaluated for morphological and biochemical traits under open field conditions. Using the Griffing approach (Method II and Model I), the basis of the inheritance of traits was determined. Furthermore, a Bayesian model was applied to the total yield descriptor. Correlation data indicated that total yield was not correlated with any other trait. The significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) values indicate exploitable genetic variation. The broad-sense heritability values were larger than narrow-sense heritability, showing that selection will be efficient for the improvement of these traits. Hybrid combinations H23, H42 and H49 can be considered efficient for the selection of multiple traits, including yield. Overall, this study provides useful information regarding the genetics of important traits of tomato under TLCV infestation.
Abstract Haploid induction (HI) holds great promise in expediting the breeding process in onion, a biennial cross-pollinated crop. We used the CENH3-based genome elimination technique in producing a ...HI line in onion. Here, we downregulated AcCENH3 using the RNAi approach without complementation in five independent lines. Out of five events, only three could produce seeds upon selfing. The progenies showed poor seed set and segregation distortion, and we were unable to recover homozygous knockdown lines. The knockdown lines showed a decrease in accumulation of AcCENH3 transcript and protein in leaf tissue. The decrease in protein content in transgenic plants was correlated with poor seed set. When the heterozygous knockdown lines were crossed with wild-type plants, progenies showed HI by genome elimination of the parental chromosomes from AcCENH3 knockdown lines. The HI efficiency observed was between 0 and 4.63% in the three events, and it was the highest (4.63%) when E1 line was crossed with wildtype. Given the importance of doubled haploids in breeding programmes, the findings from our study are poised to significantly impact onion breeding.
PDF
