This paper presents an analysis of the advantages, limitations, ethical considerations, future prospects, and practical applications of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare and ...medical domains. ChatGPT is an advanced language model that uses deep learning techniques to produce human-like responses to natural language inputs. It is part of the family of generative pre-training transformer (GPT) models developed by OpenAI and is currently one of the largest publicly available language models. ChatGPT is capable of capturing the nuances and intricacies of human language, allowing it to generate appropriate and contextually relevant responses across a broad spectrum of prompts. The potential applications of ChatGPT in the medical field range from identifying potential research topics to assisting professionals in clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Additionally, it can be used to help medical students, doctors, nurses, and all members of the healthcare fraternity to know about updates and new developments in their respective fields. The development of virtual assistants to aid patients in managing their health is another important application of ChatGPT in medicine. Despite its potential applications, the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools in medical writing also poses ethical and legal concerns. These include possible infringement of copyright laws, medico-legal complications, and the need for transparency in AI-generated content. In conclusion, ChatGPT has several potential applications in the medical and healthcare fields. However, these applications come with several limitations and ethical considerations which are presented in detail along with future prospects in medicine and healthcare.
Abstract This study introduced a hybrid thermal management system for a 4×4 cylindrical lithium-ion battery module, simulating New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) conditions. The system integrated ...water, phase change material (PCM), and fins for enhanced heat dissipation. The batteries, attached to an aluminium shell, incorporated PCM and a central coolant path. Fins were introduced between the coolant channel and Al shell to enhance heat transfer between batteries, PCM, and water. Comparative analysis against passive (PCM only) and active (liquid) cooling systems revealed the hybrid system’s superior performance. With a water flow rate of 2×10 −8 m 3 /s, the system consistently kept temperatures below 50°C during charge-discharge cycles. Compared to active cooling, it achieved a significant temperature reduction of 18.47% and 5.01% after the charge and discharge processes. An intermittent cooling strategy further demonstrated its effectiveness in preventing thermal runaway (> 60°C) compared to the active cooling system. The proposed hybrid system demonstrated efficient thermal performance with low pumping power, suggesting its potential for multiple charge/discharge cycles.
The visible light-assisted photocatalysis approach allows more sustainable and atom-economical C–H bond arylation processes. The polymer-based photocatalysts are an attractive choice because of their ...variable design and development feasibility as well as effective catalytic applications. In the present work, by following the basic principles of green chemistry, we have chosen an environmentally friendly and biologically suitable chemical i.e. Erythrosine B as a unit molecule for the generation of photocatalyst
EP (C
20
H
8
O
5
S
4
).
The generation of
EP
has been performed via a one-pot solvothermal reaction of Erythrosine B with sulfur powder. The structural analysis of the
EP
evidence the generation of an interesting example 2D-polymeric assembly where disulfide (–S–S–) units are acting as linkers and show high thermal stability up to 800 °C (39.9% left as a residue). The low optical band gap of 2.08 eV and electrochemical band gap of 2.09 eV favors its catalytic applicability. The catalytic investigation reveals excellent applicability of
EP
in C–H arylation (yield 98.5% & selectivity 99%).
This case report describes a 29-year-old medical student, a junior resident in orthopaedic surgery who reported intermittent right knee pain due to an increase in mileage throughout his training. The ...posterior cruciate ligament was diagnosed with a ganglion cyst using diagnostic imaging. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinical and diagnostic aspects of a ganglion cyst found on the posterior cruciate ligament and to raise awareness among doctors of this uncommon condition and its diagnosis.
Pool boiling of ethanol and Cu-nanofluid was investigated on bare and novel supersonic nanoblown polymer nanofiber nanotextured copper surface. Significant improvement in early ONB (2°C reduction), ...CHF (23.5%), and BHTC (~2-2.5 times) were achieved in nanotextured surface than bare one. Boiling of nanofluids led to the degradation of ONB and BHTC, with an increase in CHF by 16.7%. Synergistic effect of nanofluid boiling on nanotextured surface led to remarkable enhancement of CHF (44%), BHTC (>2.5 times), and ONB (3°C reduction). The nanofluid and nanotexture aided in ONB and CHF via enhancing nucleation sites, liquid overheating, bubble chopping, and surface wettability.
Using a decision support system (DSS) that classifies various cancers provides support to the clinicians/researchers to make better decisions that can aid in early cancer diagnosis, thereby reducing ...chances of incorrect disease diagnosis. Thus, this work aimed at designing a classification model that can predict accurately for 5 different cancer types comprising of 20 cancer exomes, using the mutations identified from whole exome cancer analysis. Initially, a basic model was designed using supervised machine learning classification algorithms such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, naïve bayes and random forest (RF), among which decision tree and random forest performed better in terms of preliminary model accuracy. However, output predictions were incorrect due to less training scores. Thus, 16 essential features were then selected for model improvement using 2 approaches. All imbalanced datasets were balanced using SMOTE. In the first approach, all features from 20 cancer exome datasets were trained and models were designed using decision tree and random forest. Balanced datasets for decision tree model showed an accuracy of 77%, while with the RF model, the accuracy improved to 82% where all 5 cancer types were predicted correctly. Area under the curve for RF model was closer to 1, than decision tree model. In the second approach, all 15 datasets were trained, while 5 were tested. However, only 2 cancer types were predicted correctly. To cross validate RF model, Matthew’s correlation co-efficient (MCC) test was performed. For method 1, the MCC test and MCC cross validation was found to be 0.7796 and 0.9356 respectively. Likewise, for second approach, MCC was observed to be 0.9365, corroborating the accuracy of the designed model. The model was successfully deployed using Streamlit as a web application for easy use. This study presents insights for allowing easy cancer classifications.
Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global pandemic. Among the spectrum of diabetic complications, diabetic foot is a leading cause of morbidity and hence awareness and education ...regarding primary healthcare inclusive of self-care pertaining to diabetic foot care is of paramount importance. Aim: The aim of the study was to educate patients of DM regarding the disease and its associated complications, specifically pertaining to diabetic foot care. Methodology: The study was carried out in three phases, first was to assess the diabetic patients related to their awareness on disease complications and diabetic foot care, through pretest questionnaire, the second phase was to sensitize patients and educate them on the same, the third phase was to re assess the knowledge gained by the patients through posttest assessment. Results: The study evaluated the absolute and relative learning gain regarding the awareness and knowledge of foot care among diabetic individuals. The absolute learning gain was 40.92% and the relative learning gain was 76.48% and normalized learning gain was 0. 88, the normalized gain was assessed to be high. Conclusion: The study concluded that training and sensitizing individuals with diabetes will definitely help reduce morbidity of diabetic foot and hence the medical and paramedical staff need to spread awareness regards the same.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopedic procedure. Most of the literature is on high-demand athletic patients, with little information about the outcomes ...of low-demand patients. Therefore, we aim to assess the outcomes of non-athletic patients following home-based rehabilitation.
An observational cross-sectional comparative study was conducted with 30 non-athletic adults with ACL injuries whose pre-injury Tegner activity level was four or less. After six months of reconstruction, patients were assessed for functional outcomes using the Tegner activity level, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and ACL quality of life (QOL) score. Functional performance was assessed by the carioca test, one-leg hop test, and shuttle test. Functional outcome and performance were compared with an age, sex, and activity level-matched group. Knee stability was assessed by Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift.
All patients returned to their pre-injury Tegner activity level. A statistically significant difference was seen in the Lysholm score, IKDC score, ACL QOL score, carioca test, shuttle test, and one leg hop test (p= <0.001 in each); >5mm of translation of the tibia in the Lachman test was seen in three patients, whereas one patient had >5 mm of translation in the anterior drawer test but pivot shift was absent in all.
We found that all patients returned to their pre-injury Tegner activity level. Most patients had improved knee stability; however, functional outcomes and performance were lower compared to the control group. Therefore, arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a reasonable treatment option for non-athletic, low-demand patients to get back to their pre-injury functional activity level.
•Transsphenoidal surgery presents unique challenges in young, with scanty literature.•Weight gain (50 %) and visual complaints (29 %) are the most prevalent symptoms.•Hypogonadism (21 %) is the most ...frequent endocrinopathy.•Outcome is better with endonasal endoscopy than microscopic transsphenoidal surgery.•Symptom duration shows significant association with need for retreatment.•Tumor volume has association with endocrine remission among functioning tumors.
The transsphenoidal approach presents unique challenges in young, with scanty literature. This study compares the outcome of pituitary tumors among young in our center between endoscopic(EES) and microscopic(MTS) transsphenoidal surgery, with a meta-analysis.
Patients within 20 years were studied for their surgical approach to a favorable outcome of endocrine remission (ER) (functioning) or Gross/Near-Total resection (nonfunctioning), besides the need for retreatment. Relevant studies were pooled and analyzed according to PRISMA guidelines.
Out of 64 young patients with pituitary tumors, 48 underwent transsphenoidal surgery using MTS(33) or EES(15). Of these, 21, 14, 5, and 8 had Cushing's, somatotropinomas, prolactinomas, and non-secreting tumors, respectively. Mean symptom duration was 28months, with weight gain(50 %) and visual complaints(29 %) most prevalent. Hypogonadism(21 %) was the most frequent endocrinopathy. The mean tumor volume was 3.8 cm3. Over mean follow-up of 4.4years, favorable outcome was significantly higher after EES than MTS(78.6 % vs. 46.7 %)(odds ratio 4.18, p = 0.05). EES's better outcome was homogeneous across subgroups of age and tumor type, with no significant subgroup difference. Symptom duration was significantly higher among those who required retreatment(p = 0.05), while ER had a non-significant association with tumor volume(p = 0.07). Overall, 40 %, 27 %, 17 %, and 8% were on hydrocortisone, thyroxine, sex hormone, and desmopressin, respectively, at follow-up with no significant difference between EES and MTS. In pooled analysis of literature, both favorable outcome(74 % vs. 48 %,p = 0.02) and retreatment rate(8% vs. 37 %,p = 0.004) were significantly better with EES than MTS.
Among young patients with pituitary tumors, the favorable outcome and retreatment rates are better with endonasal endoscopy and associated with symptom duration and tumor volume.
Introduction
Evidence on new-onset endocrine dysfunction and identifying whether the degree of this dysfunction is associated with the severity of disease in patients with COVID-19 is scarce.
...Patients and Methods
Consecutive patients enrolled at PGIMER Chandigarh were stratified on the basis of disease severity as group I (moderate-to-severe disease including oxygen saturation <94% on room air or those with comorbidities) (n= 35) and group II (mild disease, with oxygen saturation >94% and without comorbidities) (n=49). Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal, thyroid, gonadal axes, and lactotroph function were evaluated. Inflammatory and cell-injury markers were also analysed.
Results
Patients in group I had higher prevalence of hypocortisolism (38.5
vs
6.8%, p=0.012), lower ACTH (16.3
vs
32.1pg/ml, p=0.234) and DHEAS (86.29
vs
117.8µg/dl, p= 0.086) as compared to group II. Low T3 syndrome was a universal finding, irrespective of disease severity. Sick euthyroid syndrome (apart from low T3 syndrome) (80.9
vs
73.1%, p= 0.046) and atypical thyroiditis (low T3, high T4, low or normal TSH) (14.3
vs
2.4%, p= 0.046) were more frequent in group I than group II. Male hypogonadism was also more prevalent in group I (75.6%
vs
20.6%, p=0.006) than group II, with higher prevalence of both secondary (56.8
vs
15.3%, p=0.006) and primary (18.8
vs
5.3%, p=0.006) hypogonadism. Hyperprolactinemia was observed in 42.4% of patients without significant difference between both groups.
Conclusion
COVID-19 can involve multiple endocrine organs and axes, with a greater prevalence and degree of endocrine dysfunction in those with more severe disease.
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