Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign odontogenic lesion, with debatable histogenesis and variable histopathology. A systematic and diverse insight into the evolution, clinical ...presentation, histology, and immunohistochemical findings of this lesion is reviewed and presented. We reviewed the data published from 2000 to 2014 of approximately 255 cases that revealed a significant change in the incidence of predominant site involved, in contrast to the findings published by Reichart. We have also included the chronological order of events leading to the coining of the term AOT, which shows the curiosity that has been dedicated to understanding the lesion. Immunohistochemistry is considered to be a hallmark in pathology for learning the molecular pathogenesis and giving a correct final diagnosis. Several markers have been used to investigate and understand this lesion, and a compilation of the findings has been tabulated.
Syndecan in health and disease – A systematic review Kumar, Tanoj; Pujari, Veena Bhojaraj; Kumar, Manish ...
Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research,
8/2016, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
SYNDECAN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Kumar, Tanoj; Pujari, Veena Bhojaraj; Kumar, Manish ...
Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research,
07/2016, Letnik:
4, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Syndecans are heparin sulfate protoglycans that are associated with cell surface and extra cellular matrix. Invertebrates have one syndecan core protein but in mammals there are four syndecan ...proteins. Each protein has three major domains; ectodomain, transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic domain. Cytoplasmic domain are the most conserved and serve to regulate the signalling of growth factors. They have also been shown to be involved in cell signalling through interaction with integrins and tyrosine kinase receptors. These cell surface proteins are thought to play an important role in cell matrix and cell - cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. So, this review summarized the structure, properties and functions of various syndecan molecules in both health and disease.
has served as an excellent genetic model to decipher the molecular basis of the circadian clock. Two key proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), are particularly well explored and a number of ...various arrhythmic, slow, and fast clock mutants have been identified in classical genetic screens. Interestingly, the free running period (tau,
) is influenced by temperature in some of these mutants, whereas
is temperature-independent in other mutant lines as in wild-type flies. This, so-called "temperature compensation" ability is compromised in the mutant
allele
(
), and, as we show here, also in the
allele, mapping to the same region of TIM. To test if this region of TIM is indeed important for temperature compensation, we generated a collection of new mutants and mapped functional protein domains involved in the regulation of τ and in general clock function. We developed a protocol for targeted mutagenesis of specific gene regions utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, followed by behavioral screening. In this pilot study, we identified 20 new
mutant alleles with various impairments of temperature compensation. Molecular characterization revealed that the mutations included short in-frame insertions, deletions, or substitutions of a few amino acids resulting from the non-homologous end joining repair process. Our protocol is a fast and cost-efficient systematic approach for functional analysis of protein-coding genes and promoter analysis
. Interestingly, several mutations with a strong temperature compensation defect map to one specific region of TIM. Although the exact mechanism of how these mutations affect TIM function is as yet unknown, our
analysis suggests they affect a putative nuclear export signal (NES) and phosphorylation sites of TIM. Immunostaining for PER was performed on two TIM mutants that display longer
at 25°C and complete arrhythmicity at 28°C. Consistently with the behavioral phenotype, PER immunoreactivity was reduced in circadian clock neurons of flies exposed to elevated temperatures.
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•A simple strategy to fabricate SPIONs that are directly dispersible in both aqueous and organic solvents is shown.•The strategy also allows one-step phase-transfer of oleic ...acid-capped SPIONs from organic to aqueous media.•The independent contribution of Brownian and Néel relaxations on SPIONs-induced hyperthermia is demonstrated.•The importance of triethylamine as a dynamic ligand in nanotechnology is emphasised.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals (SPIONs) continue to receive intensive interest due to their significant prospects in biomedical applications. However, a critical requirement for such applications is the ability to synthesise high quality nanocrystals that are not only readily dispersible in aqueous solvents, but also retain good magnetic properties in an aqueous medium. This is not easy to achieve because, although organic solvent-based syntheses provide better control over SPIONs properties, their magnetic properties in particular, tend to deteriorate during aqueous phase transfer. In the current work, we propose a new route for the synthesis of high quality SPIONs using triethylamine (TEA) as a dynamic amphiphilic molecule. We demonstrate that in a single step, TEA can directly synthesise SPIONs that are readily dispersible in both aqueous and organic media. We further demonstrate the versatility of TEA in facilitating one-step phase transfer of SPIONs from organic to aqueous solvents. We then extend the applicability of this approach to demonstrate for the first time that organic molecules-capped SPIONs can also be directly dispersed in aqueous solvents. These SPIONs show remarkable potential for hyperthermia, as demonstrated through their outstanding magnetic field induced heating performance, which improves after their phase transfer to the aqueous phase. The current study establishes the importance of a suitable nanoparticle phase transfer protocol to ensure that the final product retains all the desirable application-focussed properties.
Abstract Background Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values ...(PaO 2 ) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO 2 with patients’ outcome. Methods Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO 2 < 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO 2 > 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months. Results 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6%) were female. 24.9% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95% CI 0.93–1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95% CI 0.95–1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO 2 -AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality ( p = 0.003). Conclusions In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients. Trial registration : clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308 , Registered September 20, 2016.
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