Anger while driving in Mexico City Hernández-Hernández, Ana María; Siqueiros-García, Jesús M; Robles-Belmont, Eduardo ...
PloS one,
09/2019, Letnik:
14, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study aims to analyze the level of anger developed by drivers in Mexico City and also understand the behavior that those drivers use to express that anger, using four different survey methods. ...The first focuses on personal information, the second Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX), the third refers to a shorten version of Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and the fourth being the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI). These have previously been applied and validated in several different countries. The questionnaires were filled out online by 626 drivers. Using the data collected through the online platform, it was possible to identify the kind of reactions volunteers displayed while driving. Also, it was possible to identify that people in Mexico City developed anger depending on their driving area. Our analyses shows that in the Adaptive/Constructive Expression subscale, males and females show a significant difference in their mean score, with women express their anger in a more constructive way than males.
The sol–gel route was used to synthesize a series of compounds of the system Bi0.8Ba0.10Pr0.10Fe1–x Cr x O3 within the 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 compositional range. To explore the impact of Cr3+ ion substitution ...on the structural, dielectric, optical, and magnetic properties, we introduced varying concentrations of Cr3+ while maintaining a fixed 10% atomic concentration of each Ba2+ and Pr2+ in BiFeO3. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a structural phase transition from rhombohedral (R3c) for an undoped (i.e., without Cr) sample to two coexisting phases, i.e., a mix of rhombohedral and orthorhombic (Pbnm) phases for the Cr-doped samples. Cr3+ doping significantly changes the band gap energy from 1.84 eV (x = 0.0) to 1.93 eV (x = 0.15), which makes this material suitable for photovoltaic applications. Furthermore, each sample exhibited ferromagnetic behavior due to the disruption of the spiral spin structures and adjustments in superexchange interactions, attributed to modifications in the Fe–O and Fe–O–Fe bond lengths. A reduction in magnetization is observed at higher Cr concentrations that can be ascribed to the dilution of magnetic moments due to the increase of the orthorhombic phase percentage and the introduction of nonmagnetic Cr3+ ions. Our results show that Cr doping in the Bi0.8Ba0.10Pr0.10FeO3 system induces enhanced multiferroic properties at room temperature.
In the last few years, there has been an interest in understanding the impact of environmental change and degradation on people's affective life. This issue has become particularly pressing for ...populations whose form of life is heavily dependent on ecosystem services and functions and whose opportunities for adaptation are limited. Based on our work with farmers from the Xochimilco urban wetland in the southwest of Mexico City, we begin to draw a theoretical approach to address and explain how environmental degradation impacts people's affective life and sense of agency. Farmers who were part of our project referred to a sense of despair and helplessness toward the loss of the ecosystem and their traditional farming-based form of life. From the perspective of phenomenology, enactivism and ecological psychology, we argue that the loss of this form of life in the area is related to the degradation of socio-ecological systems, limiting the opportunities for people to relate meaningfully to others and the environment. We posit that losing meaningful interaction with the environment generates a feeling of loss of control while leading farmers to feel frustrated, anxious and stressed. Such affective conditions have a direct impact on their sense of agency. In terms of adaptation, the negative interaction between degradation, affective states and a diminished sense of agency can create a downward spiral of vulnerability, including political vulnerability.
A study of the (1-x)BiFeO3-(x)Ba1/2Na1/2TiO2.75 (BFO-BNT) solid solutions obtained using the solid state reaction method, for different molar relative concentration of Ba1/2Na1/2TiO2.75 in the 0.0 ≤ ...x ≤ 0.12 composition range, is presented. The crystal structure and the dielectric and ferroelectric properties are studied in detail. Results of the Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction data demonstrate that the system is single phase with R3c symmetry up to x = 0.09 while for x = 0.12, a small quantity of a secondary phase with P4mm symmetry appears. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that BNT presence promotes grain growth resulting in larger grains. Raman spectroscopy shows that, with increasing x, some of the A and E Raman modes slightly reduce their intensity while shifting in frequency, evincing the structural changes caused by the Ba, Na, and Ti incorporation on the BFO lattice. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study confirms the successful substitution and gradual structural distortion in the samples. The improvement in dielectric properties with increasing BNT concentration can be attributed to stable dipole moment formation. Compared with pure BFO ceramics, doped BFO samples exhibit remarkably enhanced ferroelectric properties.
For this study, cobalt-doped Zn0.96Mn0.04O (Zn0.96–x Co x Mn0.04O) nanoparticles were prepared using a sol–gel route by varying the Co doping (with x = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). The prepared samples ...were characterized in terms of their structural and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a nanocrystalline nature with a hexagonal wurtzite structure with P63 mc crystal symmetry. The Rietveld refinement method was employed to determine the lattice constant, and it was found that the lattice volume decreased slightly with Co doping due to the replacement of Zn by Co with nearly the same ionic radius. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to analyze the morphology and elemental analysis of the studied samples. Room-temperature magnetic measurements indicated weak ferromagnetic behavior in all samples. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Mn atoms prefer an in-plane configuration, while Co adopts an out-of-plane arrangement. Mn atoms acquire an antiferromagnetic configuration, while Co is ferromagnetic and sits near Mn atoms. Therefore, the weak ferromagnetism at room temperature could be attributed to larger FM zones induced by the proximity of Mn and Co. The density of states shows that, for all cases, the codoped ZnO remains a semiconductor material, proving its usefulness as a diluted magnetic semiconductor for spintronics devices operating at room temperature.
It has been proposed that the history and evolution of scientific ideas may reflect certain aspects of the underlying socio-cognitive frameworks in which science itself is developing. Systematic ...analyses of the development of scientific knowledge may help us to construct models of the collective dynamics of science. Aiming at scientific rigor, these models should be built upon solid empirical evidence, analyzed with formal tools leading to ever-improving results that support the related conclusions. Along these lines we studied the dynamics and structure of the development of research in genomics as represented by the entire collection of genomics-related scientific papers contained in the PubMed database. The analyzed corpus consisted in more than 49,000 articles published in the years 1987 (first appearance of the term Genomics) to 2011, categorized by means of the Medical Subheadings (MeSH) content-descriptors. Complex networks were built where two MeSH terms were connected if they are descriptors of the same article(s). The analysis of such networks revealed a complex structure and dynamics that to certain extent resembled small-world networks. The evolution of such networks in time reflected interesting phenomena in the historical development of genomic research, including what seems to be a phase-transition in a period marked by the completion of the first draft of the Human Genome Project. We also found that different disciplinary areas have different dynamic evolution patterns in their MeSH connectivity networks. In the case of areas related to science, changes in topology were somewhat fast while retaining a certain core-structure, whereas in the humanities, the evolution was pretty slow and the structure resulted highly redundant and in the case of technology related issues, the evolution was very fast and the structure remained tree-like with almost no overlapping terms.
Climate variability poses multifaceted challenges for livestock production. Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns impact crop and pasture yields, reduce water availability, and ...contribute to livestock diseases, particularly affecting small-scale cattle producers dependent on climate-sensitive resources. Sustainable livestock farming promotes integrating best practices to enhance productivity while responsibly managing natural resources, but often overlooks relevant social dynamics. Social factors are excluded when promoting and studying the adoption of practices for sustainable cattle farming. This study aims to understand the factors and interactions between the social, animal and ecological systems within the small-scale cattle socioecosystems in the southern region of the Yucatan Peninsula, exploring cattle farmers’ perspectives on climate change, as well as their strategies and responses to extreme events like drought. Using fuzzy cognitive maps and scenario development as participatory and reflection methodologies, we found a conceptual gap between climate change and drought, indicating a lack of sustainable adaptive thinking toward these challenges. Interestingly, we found that local social organization, cultural dynamics, and spiritual practices are equally significant factors than technical and environment-oriented changes to the management of ranches in shaping an optimal cattle farming scenario. Our findings reveal that the management of cattle farms involves complex interplay among technical, environmental, social, political, and cultural elements, highlighting the inherent need to consider social values and preferences as fundamental components of sustainability. This study establishes the initial groundwork for employing participatory modeling with social actors engaged in the small-scale cattle context in Yucatan. The goal is to emphasize the importance of the social dimension in the general management of the small-scale cattle socioecosystem, thus in promoting sustainable cattle farming.
Using Raman spectroscopy, the study of a polymorphic phase transition in the KNNLiTaLa
0.01
compound is presented. An analysis of the behavior with temperature, wavenumber and half width at full ...maximum of the individual bands, corresponding to the vibration modes of the (Nb/Ta)O
6
octahedra of the KNNLiTaLa
0.01
compound's structure, is performed. This analysis determined that the polymorphic phase transition of the KNNLiTaLa
0.01
compound occurs in the 90 to 105°C temperature interval. Using the Hard Mode Spectroscopy method, the value of the critical exponent of the order parameter was determined to be β ≈ ½, indicative of a second order transition.
Although nanostructured TiO2 layers have been widely prepared by anodization, thin films with thicknesses under 1 μm, over substrate other than Ti foils, with structures beyond the nanopores, had ...remained a challenge. In this work, such nanostructured TiO2 thin films were synthesized by anodization of Ti films deposited by sputtering on FTO/glass substrates. Anodization was performed in an electrolyte based on 0.6 wt% of NH4F, a graphite cathode and the application of 30 V during lapses ranging from 3 to 14 min. The amorphous TiO2 structures acquired the crystal anatase phase after a post-annealing treatment at 450 °C/4 h. Porous morphologies were observed for anodizing times of 3 and 4 min, sponges were formed with 5 and 6 min and vertical tubular structures were achieved by using 7 up to 9 min; dissolution was observed for longer times. Pore diameters of the structures were in the range of 27 to 47 nm, lengths were within the 330 and 1000 nm interval, transmittance was in the visible range of 70 ± 10%, the energy gap was 3.37 ± 0.02 eV and the wet contact angle was between 20 to 27°. One major contribution of the findings herein developed, is that they can be extended to TiO2 thin films, with a specific nanostructure, grown on a wide gamma of substrates, relevant for particular applications.
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