A time projection chamber (TPC) can be used to measure the polarization of gamma rays with excellent angular precision and sensitivity in the MeV-GeV energy range through the conversion of photons to ...e+e− pairs. The Hermetic ARgon POlarimeter (HARPO) prototype was built to demonstrate this concept. It was recently tested in the polarized photon beam at the NewSUBARU facility in Japan. We present this data-taking run, which demonstrated the excellent performance of the HARPO TPC.
In this work, we describe the optical properties of the single photoelectron (SPE) calibration system designed for NectarCAM, a camera proposed for the Medium Sized Telescopes (MST) of the Cherenkov ...Telescope Array (CTA). One of the goals of the SPE system, as integral part of the NectarCAM camera, consists in measuring with high accuracy the gain of its photo-detection chain. The SPE system is based on a white painted screen where light pulses are injected through a fishtail light guide from a dedicated flasher. The screen – placed 15 mm away from the focal plane – is mounted on an XY motorization that allows movements over all the camera plane. This allows in-situ measurements of the SPE spectra via a complete scan of the 1855 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) of NectarCAM. This calibration process will enable the reduction of the systematic uncertainties on the energy reconstruction of γ-rays coming from distant astronomical sources and detected by CTA.
We discuss the design of the screen used in the calibration system and we present its optical performances in terms of light homogeneity and timing of the signal.
SVOM (Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Object Monitor) is a future Chinese-French satellite mission which is dedicated to Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) studies. Its anti-solar pointing strategy ...makes the Earth cross the field of view of its payload every orbit. In this paper, we present the variations of the gamma-ray background of the two high energy instruments aboard SVOM, the Gamma-Ray Monitor (GRM) and ECLAIRs, as a function of the Earth position. We conclude with an estimate of the Earth influence on their sensitivity and their GRB detection capability.
The on-board Scientific Trigger Unit (UTS) is designed to detect Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in real-time, using the data produced by the ECLAIRs camera, foreseen to equip the future French-Chinese ...satellite mission SVOM (Space-based Variable Objects Monitor). The UTS produces GRB alerts, sent to the ground for GRB follow-up observations, and requests the spacecraft slew to repoint its narrow field instruments onto the GRB afterglow. Because of the diversity of GRBs in duration and variability, two simultaneously running GRB trigger algorithms are implemented in the UTS, the so called Image Trigger performing systematic sky image reconstruction on time scales above 20 s, and the Count-Rate Trigger, selecting a time scale from 10 ms to 20 s showing an excess in count-rate over background estimate, prior to imaging the excess for localization on the sky. This paper describes both trigger algorithms and their implementation in a library, compiled for the Scientific Software Model (SSM) running on standard Linux machines, and which can also be cross-compiled for the Data Processing Model (DPM), in order to have the same algorithms running on both platforms. While the DPM permits to validate the hardware concept and benchmark the algorithms (see paper II), the SSM allows to optimize the algorithms and estimate the GRB trigger-rate of ECLAIRs/UTS. The result of running on the SSM a dynamic photon by photon simulation based on the BATSE GRB catalog is presented.
Scientific software runs ever closer to the detector in the data acquisition chain. Mdaq-D3 (or D3), for Distributed Driver Development, is an open-source C++ framework that features centralized ...configuration and control of a distributed system of electronic nodes. In this framework, the topology of the system (nodes, devices, registers, bitfields, and the association between device and register access policy) is configurable and loaded at run-time. Multiple register access policies (i.e. write and read accesses to registers) are defined and implemented at compile-time. Communication is based on the ZeroC Ice middleware, while configuration is based on the CConfig framework. The D3 framework has been successfully applied to the software development of the Concentration Board (CoBo) prototype of the GET project (General Electronics for TPCs) supported by the nuclear physics community. By letting the programmer focus on access policies and on experiment-specific functions, D3 speeds up and rationalizes the software development process of multi-card systems.
This contribution aims to introduce the single photo-electron system designed to calibrate the camera of the Medium-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). This system will allow us ...to measure accurately the gain of the camera's photodetection chain and to constrain the systematic uncertainties on the energy reconstruction of gamma rays detected by CTA. The system consists of a white painted screen, a fishtail light guide, a flasher and an XY motorization to allow movement. The flashes guided by the fishtail mimic the Cherenkov radiation and illuminate the focal plane under the screen homogeneously. Then, through the XY motorisation, the screen is moved across the entire focal plane of the NectarCAM camera, which consists of 1855 photo-multiplier tubes. In this contribution, we present the calibration system and the study on its optimum scan positions required to cover the full camera effectively. Finally, we illustrate the results of the calibration data analysis and discuss the performance of the system.
En 1970, des vols ballons ont mis en évidence une structure dans le spectre d'émission gamma de la région du centre Galactique. Située vers 511 keV, cette signature spectrale a rapidement été ...associée à la raie traçant l'annihilation d'électrons avec leurs anti-particules, les positons.
Cependant, les multiples scénarios astrophysiques envisagés pour expliquer l'injection de positons dans le bulbe Galactique n'ont pas permis de reproduire le taux élevé déduit du fux de la raie à 511 keV, de l'ordre de dix puissance quarante-trois par seconde.
Lancé fin 2002, le satellite gamma européen INTEGRAL est doté d'un spectromètre, SPI, présentant des capacités d'imagerie et une résolution spectrale à 511 keV sans précédent, qui en font l'instrument adéquat pour affiner notre connaissance de la morphologie spatiale et du spectre de la source de cette émission d'annihilation, afin de distinguer le scénario le plus probable. En effet, la détermination de l'étendue de la source, de la largeur de la raie et de la fraction des positons s'annihilant en vol ou après thermalisation, directement ou via la formation d'atomes de Positronium nous renseignent à la fois sur le milieu dans lequel a lieu l'annihilation finale et sur la source initiale des positons.
La première partie de cette thèse a permis de déterminer les méthodes optimales de modélisation du bruit de fond instrumental du spectromètre Spi indispensables à l'analyse des observations de la raie à 511 keV. Des procédures de nettoyage des données et de sélection des indicateurs du bruit de fond ont été mises en ÷uvre. Des modèles utilisant des techniques neuronales ont été élaborés et comparés à des méthodes statistiques plus classiques afin d'évaluer
la possibilité de prendre en compte les non-linéarités du bruit et les effets liés à l'activité solaire. Au terme de cette étude, un modèle spatial a été ajusté aux données correspondant à trois années d'observation par INTEGRAL de la raie à 511 keV et un spectre d'annihilation a été extrait.
La seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'un des scénarios qui pourraient expliquer le taux d'injection de positons observé dans le bulbe Galactique : l'annihilation de particules de matière noire légères en paires électron-positon. Les diverses composantes radiatives liées à ce phénomène ont été modélisées et confrontées aux observations gamma passées, afin d'en déduire une limite supérieure sur l'énergie d'injection des positons - et donc sur la masse de la particule de matière noire légère - qui varie entre 3 et 7,5 MeV selon l'ionisation du milieu interstellaire.
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