The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre-and postnatal longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert ...workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian populations. An increased supply of n–3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women should achieve an additional supply ≥ 200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA)/day, usually achieving a total intake ≥300 mg DHA/ day. Higher intakes (600–800 mg DHA/day) may provide greater protection against early preterm birth. Some studies indicate beneficial effects of pre-and postnatal DHA supply on child neurodevelopment and allergy risk. Breast-feeding is the best choice for infants. Breast-feeding women should get ≥ 200 mg DHA/day to achieve a human milk DHA content of ~ 0.3% fatty acids. Infant formula for term infants should contain DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) to provide 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day. A supply of 100 mg DHA/day should continue during the second half of infancy. We do not provide quantitative advice on AA levels in follow-on formula fed after the introduction of complimentary feeding due to a lack of sufficient data and considerable variation in the AA amounts provided by complimentary foods. Reasonable intakes for very-low-birth weight infants are 18–60 mg/ kg/day DHA and 18–45 mg/kg/day AA, while higher intakes (55–60 mg/kg/day DHA, ~ 1% fatty acids;35–45 mg/kg/day AA, ~ 0.6–0.75%) appear preferable. Research on the requirements and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood should continue.
BACKGROUND In Indonesia, animal protein intake in children is low and might contribute to a high prevalence of stunting. This study was aimed to evaluate the association between animal protein source ...consumption and stunting in toddlers. METHODS This cross-sectional study obtained secondary data from the Ironcheq questionnaire validation study to detect the risk of iron deficiency in toddlers. The Ironcheq study was carried out in five integrated health service posts (Posyandu) in Jakarta from 2013 to 2014. Data from 172 subjects, consisting of 41 stunted (height-for-age z-score less than -2) and 131 normal children, were analyzed to evaluate the association between animal protein source consumption and stunting using multivariate logistic regression test. RESULTS Stunted children tend to come from a family with low parental education and socioeconomic status. Consuming growing-up milk (GUM) ≥300 ml/day was protective against stunting (adjusted OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.63), whereas consuming red meat product ≥5 times/week was a risk factor (crude OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.17–11.74), however after adjusted to age, sex, and other variables in the questionnaire, the OR was not significant (adjusted OR 3.64 95% CI 1.00–13.26). CONCLUSIONS A daily consumption of 300 ml of GUM may be considered to prevent stunting in toddlers. Red meat products (sausage, nugget, and meatball), which are commonly consumed because of its practicality, could not be considered as significant animal protein sources because of a wide variation of their nutritional content.
A 44-year-old female presented with a distended abdomen and fatigue. On physical examination, prominent splenomegaly was found. The laboratory investigations revealed pancytopenia and decreased ...albumin-globulin ratio. The abdominal ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, and cystitis, and the bone survey showed osteopenia. Differential diagnoses included leukemia, multiple myeloma, and myelofibrosis therefore bone marrow puncture was performed. However, histopathologic examination found Gaucher-like cells in the bone marrow aspiration. The finding of CD68 positivity in Gaucher-like cells by using the immunohistochemistry staining supporting Gaucher disease. To confirm the diagnosis, an examination of glucocerebroside substrate from the patient's blood plasma was performed. Glucosylsphingosine, a deacylated form of glucosylceramide, was markedly elevated. Therefore, the diagnosis of Gaucher disease was confirmed. This is the first reported adult Gaucher case diagnosed in Indonesia.
Fatty acids exert a range of different biological activities that could be relevant in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). This study investigated the association of glycerophospholipid fatty ...acids (GPL-FA) with AD, and their interactions with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the FADS1-3 gene cluster. Among 390 infants of the Indonesian ISADI study, GPL-FA were measured in umbilical plasma (P-0y) and in buccal cells at birth (B-0y), and again in buccal cells at AD onset or one year (B-1y). Prospective and cross-sectional associations with AD were assessed by logistic regression. Interactions of GPL-FA with 14 SNP were tested assuming an additive model. AD was diagnosed in 15.4% of participants. In B-1y, C18:2n-6 was inversely associated with AD; and positive associations were observed for C18:1n-9, C20:4n-6, C22:6n-3 and C20:4n-6/C18:2n-6. There were no prospective associations with AD, however, a significant interaction between the SNP rs174449 and B-0y C14:0 (myristic acid) was observed. This study indicates that Indonesian infants with AD have increased rates of endogenous long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid production, as well as higher C18:1n-9 levels. GPL-FA measured at birth do not predict later AD incidence; however, genotype interactions reveal novel effects of myristic acid, which are modified by a FADS3 variant.
Children with bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease (VWD), have an increased risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI). Screening methods to exclude blood ...donations that are at risk of transmitting infection from donors to recipients are critical to preventing disease transmission. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is the latest blood donor-screening method. This study aimed to determine the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children with hemophilia and VWD at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital with a history of blood transfusion before and after implementation of a NAT screening method.
A cohort retrospective study was conducted on children aged 0-18 years with bleeding disorders and a history of blood transfusion. In our center, all blood transfusions before 2015 were screened using non-NAT methods, while all blood transfusions were screened using NAT starting in 2015. Eligible patient characteristics were collected from medical records. From July to December 2019, blood samples were obtained from eligible patients for anti-HCV examination. HCV RNA examinations were performed on subjects with reactive anti-HCV results, and the relative risk was calculated.
In total, 108 eligible participants were included in this study. We observed that 91 (94.3%) patients had history of receiving non-NAT blood transfusions, while 17 (15.7%) patients received NAT-screened blood transfusions. The proportion of anti-HCV reactivity in the non-NAT group and that in the NAT group were 3.3% (3/91) and 0% (0/17), respectively.
None of the patients exhibited reactivity to anti-HCV after implementing the NAT screening method.
Latar belakang. Stunting adalah masalah malnutrisi balita di Indonesia. Di Kalimantan Barat, prevalensinya 33,3% berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018. Praktik pemberian MPASI yang tidak optimal ...berkontribusi besar pada angka itu.Tujuan. Sebagai langkah awal dalam pencegahan stunting dilakukan survei untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik ibu, pengetahuan, dan praktik pemberian MPASI pada bayi di kota Pontianak.Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan November- Desember 2018 di tiga Puskesmas Kecamatan Kota Pontianak. Pengambilan sampel dan data primer dilakukan dengan metode consecutive sampling, wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner. Hasil. Didapatkan 110 ibu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan usia antara 26,9+5 tahun. Sebanyak 89,1% ibu memiliki gawai dan menggunakannya untuk mencari informasi nutrisi anak (82,7%). Ibu berpendapat informasi dari dokter (99,1%) yang paling terpercaya. Sebanyak 4,5% ibu memberikan MPASI dini dan 12,7% memberikan menu tunggal pada awal pemberian MPASI. Makanan pertama yang diberikan pada bayi usia 6 bulan terutama dari golongan karbohidrat dan ditemukan keterlambatan pemberian protein hewani. Sebanyak 20% ibu berpendapat bahwa garam dan gula tidak boleh diberikan pada bayi di bawah 1 tahun. Tidak semua ibu mengetahui manfaat pemberian minyak dalam MPASI dan masih terdapat 87,3% ibu yang berpendapat minyak tidak boleh diberikan pada usia di bawah 9 bulan. Dalam pemberian makan, terdapat ibu yang memberikan tontonan televisi/gawai saat makan (65,5%), memarahi (14,5%), dan memaksa anaknya untuk makan (11,8 %), Kesimpulan. Pengetahuan ibu yang kurang mengenai praktik pemberian MPASI berbasis bukti terkini masih menjadi penyebab utama praktik MPASI yang belum optimal. Intervensi edukasi yang menyeluruh melalui media gawai diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan praktik pemberian MPASI oleh ibu.
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