In this work, we model the observed evolution in comoving number density of Lyman α blobs (LABs) as a function of redshift. Our model calculates LAB emission both from cooling radiation from the ...intergalactic gas accreting on to galaxies and from star formation (SF). We have used a dark matter (DM) cosmological simulation to which we applied empirical recipes for Ly α emission produced by cooling radiation and SF in every halo. Unlike previous work, the simulated volume in the DM simulation is large enough to produce an average LAB number density. For a range of redshifts, z ∼ 1–7, we compare our results with the observed luminosity functions of LABs and Lyman α emitters. Our cooling radiation luminosities appear to be too small to explain LAB luminosities at all redshifts. In contrast, for SF we obtained a good agreement with observed luminosity functions at all redshifts studied. We also discuss uncertainties that could influence the results obtained.
Variability of active galactic nuclei is not well understood. One possible explanation is existence of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBH) in their centres. It is expected that major mergers are ...common in the Universe. It is expected that each supermassive black hole of every galaxy eventually finish as a SMBBH system in the core of newly formed galaxy. Here we model the emission line profiles of active galactic nuclei (AGN) assuming that the flux and emission line shape variations are induced by supermassive binary black hole systems (SMBBH). We assume that the accreting gas inside the circumbinary (CB) disk is photo ionized by mini accretion disk emission around each SMBBH. We calculate variations of emission line flux, shifts and shapes for different parameters of SMBBH orbits. We consider cases with different masses and inclinations for circular orbits and measure the effect to the shape of emission line profiles and flux variability.
The subject of this research is the existence of a correlation between two significant variables, namely students' assessments of traditional folk music and knowledge in this area, but also between ...crossed variables of assessments of different components. The research was conducted on a sample of N=205 fifth-grade students from three elementary schools in Banja Luka. Research has shown that students' assessments and knowledge are related in almost all parameters, except folk instruments and composers, whose correlation is not statistically significant. Also, the hypothesis that there is a connection between all parameters of assessments of folk music tradition (traditional folk songs, folk instruments, musical dances) as well as with popular children's songs was fully confirmed. Actively dealing with traditional musical content as well as new research will shed light on the importance of the presence of folk music tradition in elementary schools.
In this work, we model the observed evolution in comoving number density of Lyman α blobs (LABs) as a function of redshift. Our model calculates LAB emission both from cooling radiation from the ...intergalactic gas accreting on to galaxies and from star formation (SF). We have used a dark matter (DM) cosmological simulation to which we applied empirical recipes for Ly α emission produced by cooling radiation and SF in every halo. Unlike previous work, the simulated volume in the DM simulation is large enough to produce an average LAB number density. For a range of redshifts, z ~ 1-7, we compare our results with the observed luminosity functions of LABs and Lyman α emitters. Our cooling radiation luminosities appear to be too small to explain LAB luminosities at all redshifts. In contrast, for SF we obtained a good agreement with observed luminosity functions at all redshifts studied. We also discuss uncertainties that could influence the results obtained.
•Fast and reliable method for the discrimination of the wood species was proposed.•A long-term study confirms practical applicability of the proposed method.•Aging time of spirits is not correlated ...with the content of antioxidant compounds.•In general, apple brandy was the extraction agent with the lowest extraction power.•Black locust, myrobalan plum and mulberry showed the highest antioxidant capacity.
Type of the wood used for the aging highly influences the quality of alcoholic beverages. In this research we explored the potential of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to establish fingerprints characteristic for each wood and to enable determining the type of the wood used in the aging process. Eleven different wood samples were used to prepare three different types of spirits during 15 months. The highest extraction rate was obtained during the first month, while further aging was followed with almost constant amount of extracted polyphenols. Black locust, myrobalan plum, and mulberry extracts were discriminated from the spirits aged in oak and wild cherry wood when statistical analysis was applied. Although clear classification of all samples was not achieved, this long term study demonstrated a potential of both CV and DPV for differentiating wood species used in the aging, hence in the quality control of spirits.
•Drough stress affect on lower quality of almond kernel.•‘GF 677’ had a better response to drought stress than Myrobalan plum.•Drought tolerance was related to higher flavonoid accumulation.•Water ...deficit can be decreased with appropriate graft combination.
The study was designed to investigate chemical composition and kernel quality of almond cultivars ‘Troito’, ‘Marcona’ and ‘Texas’ grafted on Myrobalan plum seedlings and ‘GF 677’ rootstock under drought stress. Oil content varied from 53.34% (‘Marcona’) to 58.11% (‘Texas’), and protein content was in a range from 17.36% (‘Texas’) to 23.02% (‘Troito’). ‘GF 677’ contributed to a higher content of oleic and lower content of linoleic acid during favourable conditions but had the opposite trend during drought. Regarding flavanols, the most abundant in all three cultivars was epigalocatechin, followed by catechin. From the results it is concluded that scions on ‘GF 677’ were better adapted to water stress conditions in comparison with Myrobalan plum seedlings as they had significantly higher kernel weight, kernel ratio, and yield per tree. Also, kernel quality attributes, contents of proteins, oleic acid, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio were higher, while the content of amandin decreased. Furthermore, an increase of flavanols (especially epigallocatechin gallate) on ‘GF 677’ could have led to the enhancement of drought tolerance. Besides the fact that water deficit decreased the majority of chemical components in almond kernels, the grafting combination ‘Texas’/’GF 677’ can be grown in drought conditions without significant loss of kernel quality.
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