Highlights ► Essential oils from aromatic herbs have components with antibacterial properties. ► These components derive from terpenes and terpenoids. ► Some of these components are cinnamaldehyde, ...geraniol, thymol analogues, menthol and carvacrol. ► Antimicrobial activity has been shown against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ► Essential oils could be used in food preservation technologies.
Microbiomes are defined as complex microbial communities, which are mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses residing in diverse regions of the human body. The human stomach consists of a ...unique and heterogeneous habitat of microbial communities owing to its anatomical and functional characteristics, that allow the optimal growth of characteristic bacteria in this environment. Gastric dysbiosis, which is defined as compositional and functional alterations of the gastric microbiota, can be induced by multiple environmental factors, such as age, diet, multiple antibiotic therapies, proton pump inhibitor abuse,
status, among others. Although
colonization has been reported across the world, chronic
infection may lead to serious consequences; therefore, the infection must be treated. Multiple antibiotic therapy improvements are not always successful because of the lack of adherence to the prescribed antibiotic treatment. However, the abuse of eradication treatments can generate gastric dysbiotic states. Dysbiosis of the gastric microenvironment induces microbial resilience, due to the loss of relevant commensal bacteria and simultaneous colonization by other pathobiont bacteria, which can generate metabolic and physiological changes or even initiate and develop other gastric disorders by non-
bacteria. This systematic review opens a discussion on the effects of multiple environmental factors on gastric microbial communities.
The first level of medical care provides the largest number of consultations for the most frequent diseases at the community level, including acute pharyngitis (AP), acute diarrhoea (AD) and ...uncomplicated acute urinary tract infections (UAUTIs). The inappropriate use of antibiotics in these diseases represents a high risk for the generation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria causing community infections. To evaluate the patterns of medical prescription for these diseases in medical offices adjacent to pharmacies, we used an adult simulated patient (SP) method representing the three diseases, AP, AD and UAUTI. Each person played a role in one of the three diseases, with the signs and symptoms described in the national clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic management were assessed. Information from 280 consultations in the Mexico City area was obtained. For the 101 AP consultations, in 90 cases (89.1%), one or more antibiotics or antivirals were prescribed; for the 127 AD, in 104 cases (81.8%), one or more antiparasitic drugs or intestinal antiseptics were prescribed; for the scenarios involving UAUTIs in adult women, in 51 of 52 cases (98.1%) one antibiotic was prescribed. The antibiotic group with the highest prescription pattern for AP, AD and UAUTIs was aminopenicillins and benzylpenicillins 27/90 (30%), co-trimoxazole 35/104 (27.6%) and quinolones 38/51 (73.1%), respectively. Our findings reveal the highly inappropriate use of antibiotics for AP and AD in a sector of the first level of health care, which could be a widespread phenomenon at the regional and national level and highlights the urgent need to update antibiotic prescriptions for UAUTIs according to local resistance patterns. Supervision of adherence to the CPGs is needed, as well as raising awareness about the rational use of antibiotics and the threat posed by AMR at the first level of care.
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been relatively less lethal in children; however, poor prognosis and mortality has been associated with factors such as access to health services. Mexico ...remained on the list of the ten countries with the highest case fatality rate (CFR) in adults. It is of interest to know the behavior of COVID-19 in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with mortality due to COVID-19 in pediatric patients.
Using National open data and information from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, this cohort study aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with COVID-19 mortality in pediatric patients.
A cohort study was designed based on National open data from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, for the period April 2020 to January 2022, and included patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Variables analyzed were age, health services used, and comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease). Follow-up duration was 60 days, and primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, and requirement of intensive care. Statistical analysis included survival analysis, prediction models created using the Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan-Meier estimation curves.
The cohort included 261,099 cases with a mean age of 11.2 ± 4 years, and of these, 11,569 (4.43%) were hospitalized and 1,028 (0.39%) died. Variables associated with risk of mortality were age under 12 months, the presence of comorbidities, health sector where they were treated, and first wave of infection.
Based on data in the National database, we show that the pediatric fatality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that seen in other countries. Access to health services and distribution of mortality were heterogeneous. Vulnerable groups were patients younger than 12 months and those with comorbidities.
SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in the older age groups. There is a need to precisely estimate the specific risks for each age group to design ...health and education policies suitable for each population.
This study aimed to describe the risk of death in SARS-COV2 infected subjects by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities.
We analyzed data of confirmed SARS-COV2 infection cases where symptoms began between February 22th, 2020, and April 18th, 2021, as published by the General Epidemiology Direction (DGE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We calculated COVID-19 incidence and mortality by age group using population data from the Statistics and Population National Institute (INEGI), and estimated the association between risk of death and the presence of comorbidities.
Mortality in SARS-COV2 infected people varied considerably, between 7 and 155 deaths per million per year in the under-20 age groups compared to 441 to 15,929 in the older age groups. Mortality in pediatric populations is strongly associated with comorbidities (OR: 4.6-47.9) compared to the milder association for older age groups (OR: 3.16-1.23).
The risk of death from SARS-COV2 infection in children is low and is strongly associated with comorbidities.
Response to: Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Mexico Gordillo-Pérez, Guadalupe; Solórzano-Santos, Fortino; Torres, Javier
Archives of medical research,
January 2019, 2019-Jan, 2019-01-00, 20190101, Letnik:
50, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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