is a major foodborne pathogen that can contaminate food products and colonize food-producing facilities. Foodservice operations (FSOp) are frequently responsible for foodborne outbreaks due to food ...safety practices failures. We investigated the presence of and characterized
from two FSOp (cafeterias) distributing ready-to-eat meals and verified FSOp's compliance with good manufacturing practices (GMP). Two facilities (FSOp-A and FSOp-B) were visited three times each over 5 months. We sampled foods, ingredients, and surfaces for microbiological analysis, and
isolates were characterized by phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic characteristics. GMP audits were performed in the first and third visits. A ready-to-eat salad (FSOp-A) and a frozen ingredient (FSOp-B) were contaminated with
which was also detected on Zone 3 surfaces (floor, drains, and a boot cover). The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that FSOp-B had persistent
strains, but environmental isolates were not closely related to food or ingredient isolates. GMP audits showed that both operations worked under "fair" conditions, and "facilities and equipment" was the section with the least compliances. The presence of
in the environment and GMP failures could promote food contamination with this pathogen, presenting a risk to consumers.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is the rheological characterization of photocrosslinked alginate hydrogels synthesized from methacrylated alginate macromonomers. We first optimized the ...rheological acquisition parameters for this hydrogels, that is, we studied the influence of the geometries diameter, distance between plates (gap), and solvent trap in the rheological response. Our results show important variations of shear storage modulus, G', and yield strain with the three parameters measured. Secondly, with the optimized experimental parameters, rheological tests were performed on hydrogels synthesized under different conditions. Three parameters were studied; UV exposure time (polymerization time), macromonomer concentration and photoinitiator concentration. Our data indicate that the polymerization time and the macromonomer concentration have an important effect on the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogel, significantly modifying the shear storage modulus, G', and the yield strain while the photoinitiator concentration did not influence the viscoelastic properties.
Abstract
Background
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a major public health threat, largely due to the presence of carbapenemases, which are globally disseminated in mobile genetic ...elements. The emergence of CRE carrying multiple carbapenemases has been reported in several countries, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we report the emergence of dual-producing CRE (DP-CRE) in Chile and provide a phenotipic and genomic characterization using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
Methods
We evaluated the presence of carbapenemase in a total of 1367 CRE isolates recovered from invasive infections in 11 healthcare centers since 2018. Among them, 9 DP-CRE were detected and included in this report. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods (CLSI, 2023), while blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM genes were detected by PCR. WGS was carried out using short and long reads (Illumina and Oxford Nanopore) and hybrid assemblies were performed.
Results
All 9 DP-CRE identified were recovered between November 2021 and June 2022 from 3 healthcare centers of a single city. In terms of species, 6 were identified as E. coli, one isolate of K. pneumoniae, one K. oxytoca and one C. freundii. All DP-CRE identified carried the combination of blaKPC and blaNDM. Genomic analyses confirmed all but one isolate carried blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-7. The remaining genome belonged to a K. pneumoniae that harboured blaKPC-3 and blaNDM-7. All 9 isolates exhibited resistance to all β-lactams, including carbapenems, aztreonam (ATM), cephalosporins and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibators. Cefiderocol (FDC) was the only compound active against all the isolates. Also, all the DP-CRE became susceptible to ATM when combined with ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA). Hybrid assemblies revealed that blaKPC and blaNDM were harboured on independent plasmids (∼58,900 bp and ∼41,100 bp, respectively) as shown in Figure 1.
Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the emergence of DP-CRE in Chile after COVID-19 pandemic. Our results highlight the relevance of active surveillance of multidrug-resistance pathogens. FDC and CZA/ATM were the only compounds that remained active in vitro against these pathogens.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
Memoria para optar al título de Diseñador Gráfico
La siguiente investigación corresponde a un proyecto de;
carácter experimental, que involucra variadas maneras;
de explorar la información entregada ...en las portadas de;
dos periódicos de prensa escrita impresa de difusión;
nacional, La Tercera y El Mercurio, a través de un diseño;
de visualización de la información.;
Este proyecto se lleva a cabo por medio de dos grandes;
procesos, el primero consiste en la realización de una;
investigación en la que se definen conceptos, exploran;
referentes y analizan veinte portadas de cada diario, los;
dos últimos de manera análoga. El segundo está dedicado;
a la sistematización del proceso de producción del;
proyecto, el resultado final de este estudio se compila en;
un libro-cuaderno, que comparte el título con el proyecto.;
El proyecto utiliza una metodología basada en diseños de;
visualización, a través de la cual se exploran métodos de;
texto visual que representan e ilustran los diferentes;
aspectos sintácticos, estructurales y temáticos de las;
portadas de los periódicos. Con ellos el proyecto busca;
contribuir con una reflexión en torno al diseño de visualizaciones;
de estructuras sintácticas en textos de periódicos;
de alcance nacional, como modo de exploración;
creativa e indagación analítica de las relaciones entre;
información y visualidad, observando cuestiones estructurales;
y de información que subyacen a los espacios;
perceptuales iniciales en la relaciones entre sujetos,;
visualidad y medios de prensa escrita.
Autorizado por el autor, pero con restricción para ser publicada a texto completo hasta el año 2015
Las redes inalámbricas, a pesar de ser tecnologías relativamente recientes, han permitido un gran ...desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones. Entregan características de movilidad, servicios de voz sobre IP, identificación por radiofrecuencia, localización y distribución de Internet, entre otros.;
;
En cuanto a las llamadas de voz sobre IP (VoIP), no se puede asegurar Calidad de Servicio en las redes inalámbricas comunes, por lo tanto las aplicaciones VoIP quedan restringidas en uso dentro de estas redes. En particular el desarrollo de la Telefonía Dual, que consiste en la generación de llamadas VoIP por parte de un teléfono celular, se ve limitado por esta restricción. Así, proveer al usuario de Calidad de Servicio, resulta un factor decisivo al elegir la tecnología VoIP sobre la telefonía tradicional.;
;
El presente Trabajo de Título consiste en analizar los factores que inciden en la Calidad de Servicio de las aplicaciones de voz sobre IP en un enlace inalámbrico, y determinar el equipamiento y software necesario para la implementación de Telefonía Dual, con el fin de asegurar las condiciones adecuadas para desarrollar la convergencia de servicios.;
;
Se estudia el comportamiento de una plataforma inalámbrica prototipo según los parámetros más importantes que determinan la Calidad de Servicio de un enlace, obteniéndose las características de desempeño y capacidad de la red. Posteriormente se implementa el estándar 802.11e para priorizar el tráfico de voz, mediante la incorporación de los parámetros EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) y se efectúa un análisis de la Calidad de Servicio entregada por el enlace. Luego se realiza un análisis de las características de los equipos que pueden actuar como teléfonos duales y se establece la operación de éstos mediante el uso de clientes SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). Para determinar el funcionamiento de la telefonía Dual en la red prototipo se realizan mediciones de Calidad de Servicio y de Handoff de las llamadas efectuadas a partir de esos dispositivos. Por último se seleccionan los equipos celulares y clientes SIP que se desempeñan mejor, para la implementación de la Telefonía Dual.;
;
Los resultados finales contemplan una plataforma inalámbrica configurada para entregar Calidad de Servicio mediante parámetros EDCA especificados por Cisco Systems en el perfil “Voice Optimized”, que determinan la priorización de los flujos de voz en esa red. La cantidad máxima de usuarios simultáneos de aplicaciones de voz sobre IP que es capaz de soportar esta plataforma, de manera de mantener los límites de Calidad de Servicio establecidos por las entidades principales de las Telecomunicaciones, corresponde a 10 usuarios VoIP si se considera el estándar 802.11b y 30 usuarios VoIP para la red con estándar 802.11g. Además se dispone de una lista de 5 teléfonos celulares que permiten realizar llamadas de voz sobre IP mediante clientes SIP específicos que cumplen con los requerimientos de integración con el Sistema Operativo y de operación en la red inalámbrica.;
;
Se concluye que sí es posible asegurar Calidad de Servicio en llamadas de voz sobre IP en una red inalámbrica preparada para Telefonía Dual. Para esto es necesario tener en consideración que la red debe operar con su mayor tasa de transmisión, respetar los límites de capacidad máximos determinados para cada Punto de Acceso e implementar el estándar 802.11e, para priorizar los tráficos de voz.
Background and aims
The gut microbiome is associated with obesity, mainly mediated by bacteria-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It is unknown how SCFA concentrations are associated with the ...phenotypes metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy obese/overweight (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese/overweight (MUO). We compared plasma and fecal SCFA concentrations among adult women categorized according to the metabolic phenotypes mentioned above and examined associations between SCFA and adiposity and components of energy and glucose homeostasis.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 participants. Body composition was assessed by DEXA. Energy and glycemic homeostasis were assessed by the standard mixed-meal tolerance test coupled with indirect calorimetry. SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Results
Only plasma propionate was increased in the MHNW phenotype compared to the MHO and MUO phenotypes
p
< 0.05. Fecal propionate and butyrate concentrations and plasma propionate concentrations were inversely associated with total and visceral adiposity
p
< 0.05. Fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations were associated with reduced glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels, increased fasting and postprandial GLP-1 levels; and more preserved beta-cell function
p
< 0.05. Fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations were positively correlated with resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation rate and inversely correlated with the oxidation rate of carbohydrates
p
< 0.05.
Conclusion
These findings reinforce the concept that fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations are linked to specific components of energy and glucose homeostasis; and body adiposity. However, it was not possible to discriminate the different metabolic phenotypes of adiposity based on the determination of fecal SCFA concentrations.
Introduction: Many studies report that environmental factors occurring in childhood may modulate the composition of the gut microbiota in adulthood, which in turn, produces short chain fatty acids ...(SCFA) with metabolic effects on inflammatory cascades associated with glycemic homeostasis.
Objective: This study aims to analyze associations between type of delivery (vaginal/cesarean section), type of breast-feeding (maternal/artificial) and solid food introduction (start and quality) with fecal SCFA concentrations in women.
Method: A cross-sectional study including 106 women, 28±5 years old and BMI 25±5 kg/m2, a questionnaire regarding from birth until the first year of life. For quantification of acetate, butyrate and propionate it was used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in fecal samples.
Results: Of the women surveyed 63% were cesarean delivered and 93% received maternal breast milk at some point. There was no correlation between SCFA concentration and type of delivery (p>0.05). Positive correlation was found between breastfeeding time and butyrate (r=0.24; p=0.02), there was a tendency with propionate (r=0.20; p=0.06). There was no correlation between time received infant formula and SCFA. There was a tendency of correlation between butyrate and beginning of cow’s milk intake (r=0.194; p=0.052). Age at solid food introduction correlates with propionate (r=0.22; p=0.026) and butyrate (r=0.25; p=0.012), and report a tendency with the acetate (r=0.18; p=0.07). In the first year of life, individuals who prefer salty crackers and pasta/potatoes had less concentration of propionate and acetate, respectively (p=0.026).
Conclusion: The type of delivery was not associated with SCFA, but there was a favorable association with prolonged breastfeeding, late beginning of cow’s milk intake, introduction of solids starting after 6 months of age and lower intake of refined cereals.
Disclosure
M.G. Barbosa: None. I. Solar: None. R.G. Freitas: None. F.B. Ribeiro: None. C.O. Ramos: None. M.R. Sant’Ana: None. A.S. Hanada: None. N.S.K. Crouchan: None. C.M. Xavier: None. B.G. Neto: None. L.G.D. Folchetti: None. I.T. Silva: None. B. Almeida-Pititto: None. S.G. Ferreira-Vivolo: None. A.J. Vasques: None.
Funding
São Paulo Research Foundation (2017/10185-9, 2019/05450-0)
The relationship between being a parent and personal well-being has been the topic of interest and debate in recent decades. However, most of the studies in this field are from high-income countries ...in North America and Europe. This is an important limitation since parenthood is a phenomenon highly dependent on sociocultural context. The purpose of this article was to identify and examine the main findings related to the well-being of mothers and fathers in Latin America through a systematic review of the scientific literature. This review shows that, in general, mothers and fathers expressed feelings of well-being. However, parenthood significantly affected their daily lives and simultaneously represented a source of frustration and displeasure. Gender stereotypes, the type of family and work-family conflicts were variables relevant to these factors. Our results show the importance of developing policies and strategies that favour gender equity and provide support for vulnerable families in Latin America countries.
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