•A cogeneration system based on CAES, ORC and hybrid refrigeration system is investigated.•The maximum to minimum pressure ratio of CAES tank is scrutinized as a critical parameter in present ...paper.•Energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the CCHP system and its subsystems are analyzed.•All the components, working fluids and subsystems are environmentally-friendly.•T-S diagrams of the CAES, ORC and compression-absorption refrigeration are presented.
Combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) is a promising energy supply technology which is widely installed in buildings due to its feasibility from techno-economic, performance and environmental points of view. In present paper, a novel cogeneration system based on compressed air energy storage (CAES), organic rankine cycle (ORC) and hybrid compression-absorption refrigeration cycle is proposed. The main objective of the proposed system is to improve the efficiency of the CAES system by providing cooling capacity from the rest of hot gases in turbine exhaust through employing an ORC driven refrigeration system. Also, the effect of the maximum to minimum pressure ratio of CAES vessel as a critical parameter on CAES volume and round trip efficiency (RTE) has been scrutinized. Using the environmentally-friendly compression-absorption refrigeration system, high temperature thermal energy storage (HTES) and R407C as the organic working fluid decrease fossil fuel consumption and make the proposed system fully environmentally-friendly. The results indicate that 2280 kW electrical energy and 416.7 kW cooling capacity are simultaneously generated during peak period. As a result, with 13.15% RTE enhancement in comparison to the individual CAES system, it reaches to 65.15% based on the proposed modification. Also, the results show that the overall exergy efficiency and total exergy destruction of the components are 49.17% and 1419 kW, in which the pressure regulating valve and the air turbine have the highest irreversibility and exergy destruction.
•Presenting a comprehensive technical information of Huntorf plant.•On-design energy and exergy study of Huntorf plant.•Studying the effect of ambient air properties on plant performance.•Improving ...plant performance by four enhanced modification methods.•Contribution of a novel very high-temperature heat pump.
A parametric study of Huntorf Plant as the first commercialized Compressed Air Energy Storage has been undertaken to highlight the strength and weaknesses in support of a well-defined engineering procedure. In lieu of detailed data on plant characteristics, the site specific technical information has been collected, analyzed, and complemented by four simulations that integrate the effects of plant performance-enhancing methods such as regeneration, cooling, hot/cold water injection, steam injection, heat recovery by heat pump and energy recovery by turbo-expander. Firstly, given the avoidable irreversibilities at the exhaust, recuperation and regulating valve replacement with a turbo-expander was established to compensate plant irreversibilities. Secondly, the effects of a vapor compression refrigeration equipped with evaporative cooling were also studied, along with assessing five refrigerants, to decrease the compression work. In the third simulation, the effect of utilization of the hot and cold water injection was investigated. It was shown that water injection by two cooling mechanisms such as evaporation and wet-compression enhances plant Round Trip Efficiency. Finally, in steam injection investigation, the required heat source was provided by employing a novel very high-temperature heat pump. The evaluation of novel combined solutions revealed that the regeneration, compression cooling, water and steam injection improve plant round trip efficiency by 37.81%, 3.22%, 2.5% and 2.78% respectively.
Advances in nanomedicine, including early cancer detection, targeted drug delivery, and personalized approaches to cancer treatment are on the rise. For example, targeted drug delivery systems can ...improve intracellular delivery because of their multifunctionality. Novel endogenous-based and exogenous-based stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems have been proposed to prevent the cancer progression with proper drug delivery. To control effective dose loading and sustained release, targeted permeability and individual variability can now be described in more-complex ways, such as by combining internal and external stimuli. Despite these advances in release control, certain challenges remain and are identified in this research, which emphasizes the control of drug release and applications of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Using a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach, this study investigates and analyzes drug delivery and release strategies in the nanoparticle-based treatment of cancer, both mathematically and clinically.
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•Nanoparticles have great potential to improve the efficacy of drug delivery.•The drug-release rate and mechanism significantly increase nano-based drug delivery system efficacy.•Stimulus-responsive nanocarriers (external and internal) promise better control of drug release.•Mathematical models usefully explicate and predict clinical translation.•Combining internal and external nanocarrier stimuli enables controlled targeted drug delivery.
•An innovative combination of liquid and thermal energy storage concepts is proposed.•A comprehensive and systematic analysis of the proposed hybrid system is presented.•The critical operative ...parameters on system performance are identified and analyzed.•The round trip energy and exergy efficiencies of 61.13% and 52.84% are achieved.•A payback period of 3.91 years and total profit of 18.6 $M are obtained.
Liquid air energy storage is one of the most recent technologies introduced for grid-scale energy storage. As the title implies, this technology offers energy storage through an air liquefaction process. High energy storage density, no geographical limitation, and applicability for large-scale uses are some of the advantages of this technology. To improve the performance and environmental friendliness of the conventional design of this technology, a novel liquid air energy system combined with high-temperature thermal energy storage, thermoelectric generator, and organic Rankine cycle is proposed in the present article. The thermal energy storage unit removes the need for the conventional combustion chamber and thereby reduces greenhouse gas emission. The organic Rankine cycle and the thermoelectric generator recover the generated heat of the system during the charging process to further improve the efficiency of the system. During peak demand periods, around 9.6 MW power and 2.5 kg/s domestic hot water could be generated at round trip energy and exergy efficiencies of 61.13% and 52.84%, improving by 6.59% and 3.28% in comparison to the stand-alone design of this technology. The results indicate that the reference system operates with an air storage energy density and an occupied space energy density of 839 and 104 MJ/m3. The economic analysis represents a payback period of 3.91 years and a net profit of about 18.6 $M during the useful lifetime of the system.
•A novel hybrid refrigeration system combined with CAES and wind turbines.•A full Environmentally-friendly system through applying the HTES in CAES subsystem.•Pressure ratio adjustment to reach to ...the full heat transfer in generator/condenser.•Energy and exergy analysis of the hybrid system and the subsystems.•Economic analysis of the hybrid CAES-refrigeration system.
In this work, a novel hybrid system based on absorption-recompression refrigeration system, compressed air energy storage (CAES) and wind turbines is proposed for using in retail buildings. In proposed system, wind turbines are employed to provide electricity during off-peak hours. Using conventional environmental pollutant combustion chambers and refrigerants in CAES and refrigeration subsystems have been eliminated in present system. So, it is an entirely environmentally-friendly system. By tailoring a booster vapor compressor between the generator and condenser of the conventional absorption cycle and achieving full heat transfer between them, the efficiency has been significantly improved. To override the further energy consumption of the vapor compressor, coupling with a CAES system is investigated. Energy, exergy, economic and parametric investigations are applied to the proposed system and its single parts to have a comprehensive evaluation. As a result, 2287 kW cooling capacity, 2.431 total coefficient of performance and 56.71% roundtrip efficiency (RTE) are reached. The results indicate that the payback period of the proposed system is less than 6 years and 187.65 $ is saved in each cycle of the hybrid system. Furthermore, the exergy analysis represents that the pressure regulating valve in CAES and condenser/generator in refrigeration subsystems have the maximum exergy destruction.
Due to the rapid growth of research in the field of thermal energy storage (TSE), optimization of these systems (especially the method of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES)) is significantly ...investigated in last couple of years. Using fins is one of the conventional ways to increase the heat transfer rate. In the present study, a numerical simulation is conducted to assess the combined effects of applying both fins and rotation. This study investigates the solidification and melting process by using the enthalpy porosity method. Solidification and melting time and heat transfer rate are two essential parameters in the operating of LHTES heat exchangers. Results show that rotational speed has a positive effect on the operating system, with a reduction in time for the solidification process of 83.21% and the increased heat transfer rate of 12.89 W. Additionally, increased rotational speed has a direct relationship to the improvement of the heat transfer ratio by 2.45 and 3.87 times in the charging and discharging process, respectively.
Wnt signaling is hyper‐activated in most of human cancers including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Therefore, the introduction of new regulators for Wnt pathway possesses promising diagnostic and ...therapeutic applications in cancer medicine. Bioinformatics analysis introduced hsa‐miR‐103a, hsa‐miR‐1827, and hsa‐miR‐137 as potential regulators of Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we intended to examine the effect of these human miRNAs on Wnt signaling pathway components, on the cell cycle progression in CRC originated cell lines and their expression in CRC tissues. RT‐qPCR results indicated upregulation of hsa‐miR‐103a, hsa‐miR‐1827, and downregulation of hsa‐miR‐137 in CRC tissues. Overexpression of hsa‐miR‐103a and hsa‐miR‐1827 in SW480 cells resulted in elevated Wnt activity, detected by both Top/Flash assay and RT‐qPCR analysis. Inhibition of Wnt signaling by using PNU‐74654 or IWP‐2 small molecules suggested that these miRNAs exerts their effect at the β‐catenin degradation complex level. Then, RT‐qPCR, dual luciferase assay, and western blotting analysis indicated that APC and APC2 transcripts were targeted by hsa‐miR‐103a, hsa‐miR‐1827 while, Wnt3a and β‐catenin genes were upregulated. However, hsa‐miR‐137 downregulated Wnt3a and β‐catenin genes. Further, hsa‐miR‐103a and hsa‐miR‐1827 overexpression resulted in cell cycle progression and reduced apoptotic rate in SW480 cells, unlike hsa‐miR‐137 overexpression which resulted in cell cycle suppression, detected by flowcytometry and Anexin analysis. Overall, our data introduced hsa‐miR‐103a, hsa‐miR‐1827 as onco‐miRNAs and hsa‐miR‐137 as tumor suppressor which exert their effect through regulation of Wnt signaling pathway in CRC and introduced them as potential target for therapy.
Using Top/Flash assay, RT‐qPCR analysis, Western blotting, and dual luciferace assay followed by cell cycle and apoptosis assay, we intended to examine the effect of three selected miRNAs on Wnt signaling pathway components, to introduction of new regulators for this pathway in colorectal cancer.
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For clean upgrading of heavy oil, catalytic treatment in supercritical water (SC-H2O) is known as an attractive green methodology. To gain quantitative and qualitative insights of ...heavy oil upgrading in SC-H2O, optimization of operating conditions was performed where higher heating value (HHV), low sulfur contents as well as low rate of coke formation are desirable. A series of experiments for upgrading the vacuum residue (VR) feed in SC-H2O were designed with response surface methodology (RSM) and performed in presence of formic acid and hematite iron oxide nanoparticles as hydrogen donor and catalyst, respectively. The key process parameters including temperature, water, formic acid, catalyst contents and reaction time were optimized by the mentioned statistical methodology. The proposed optimization model displayed an acceptable correlation between the predicted and experimental results. From the experimental results it was apparent the incorporation of hematite nanoparticles with SC-H2O and formic acid exhibited higher degree of light fraction product and low coke formation derived from oxygen vacancy and better catalyst reducibility in SC-H2O.
The development of an in silico approach that evaluates and identifies appropriate treatment protocols for individuals could help grow personalized treatment and increase cancer patient lifespans. ...With this motivation, the present study introduces a novel approach for sequential treatment cycles based on simultaneously examining drug delivery, tumor growth, and chemotherapy efficacy. This model incorporates the physical conditions of tumor geometry, including tumor, capillary network, and normal tissue assuming real circumstances, as well as the intravascular and interstitial fluid flow, drug concentration, chemotherapy efficacy, and tumor recurrence. Three treatment approaches-maximum tolerated dose (MTD), metronomic chemotherapy (MC), and chemo-switching (CS)-as well as different chemotherapy schedules are investigated on a real tumor geometry extracted from image. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of effective parameters of drug is carried out to evaluate the potential of using different other drugs in cancer treatment. The main findings are: (i) CS, MC, and MTD have the best performance in reducing tumor cells, respectively; (ii) multiple doses raise the efficacy of drugs that have slower clearance, higher diffusivity, and lower to medium binding affinities; (iii) the suggested approach to eradicating tumors is to reduce their cells to a predetermined rate through chemotherapy and then apply adjunct therapy.
Angiogenesis, as part of cancer development, involves hierarchical complicated events and processes. Multiple studies have revealed the significance of the formation and structure of tumor-induced ...capillary networks. In this study, a discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis is studied and modified to capture the realistic physics of capillary network formation. Modifications are performed on the mathematical foundations of an existing discrete model of angiogenesis. The main modifications are the imposition of the matrix density effect, implementation of realistic boundary and initial conditions, and improvement of the method of governing equations based on physical observation. Results show that endothelial cells accelerate angiogenesis and capillary formation as they migrate toward the tumor and clearly exhibit the physical concept of haptotactic movement. On the other hand, consideration of blood flow-induced stress leads to a dynamic adaptive vascular network of capillaries which intelligibly reflects the brush border effect . The present modified model of capillary network formation is based on the physical rationale that defines a clear mathematical and physical interpretation of angiogenesis, which is likely to be used in cancer development modeling and anti-angiogenic therapies.
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