In this paper, a thorough investigation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticle characteristics has been studied as a result of the wide attention and enormous application in a solar cell. ...Perovskite-sensitized solar cells (PSSCs) are a favorably effectual and sanitary hybrid, organic–inorganic solar cell device. The simple way uses synthesized cost-effective CdS quantum dots (QDs) via the sol–gel approach and also investigates their structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of CdS nanoparticles with the density functional theory method in B3LYP. Moreover, we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques to confirm our calculations and acquire good agreement to the structural analysis of CdS QD formation. The maximum grain diameter is obtained from a HRTEM image, at ∼4 nm. The particle size analyzer that obtained ∼4 nm of CdS QD nanoparticles was determine via a dynamic light scattering study. The results demonstrated that the fabricated CdS QD-based dye-sensitized solar cell and PSSC represented a maximum power conversion efficiency (η) of 0.5 and 1.8% at 1 sun condition. This efficiency was improved by approximately 72%, associated with that of the reference cell.
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•Detection and measurements of a very hazardous gas (NO2) and flammable gas (LPG) were carried out.•Thin film of TiO2-ZnO-PANI composite was fabricated over inter digital electrodes ...(IDEs) by spin coating technique.•ZnO-TiO2-PANI based sensor is highest among the reported values by the previous researchers.•ZnO-TiO2-PANI based sensor was found to have maximum sensing response as 87 for 2000 ppm of LPG and 412 for 20 ppm of NO2 at RT.
The present paper reports the in-situ chemical polymerization of nanocomposites thin film composed by titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyaniline (PANI). It was found that nanocomposites sensor is highly selective and shows response to low concentration. To improve the sensing response characteristics of ZT thin film, PANI is incorporated. Thin film based LPG sensor of ZnO-TiO2-PANI composite was fabricated by spin coating of ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticles doped with PANI over inter digital electrodes (IDEs). The thin film was characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–vis, BET and FTIR. It was also tested for gas sensing properties of LPG/NO2 which are well known flammable and toxic gases. The measured response for ZnO-TiO2-PANI based sensor was 87 for 2000 ppm of LPG and 412 for 20 ppm of NO2 at room temperature towards other testing gases together with Acetone, IPA, NH3 and CO2.
The present paper reports the in-situ chemical polymerization of nanocomposites thin film composed by titanium dioxide (TiO
), zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyaniline (PANI). It was found that ...nanocomposites sensor is highly selective and shows response to low concentration. To improve the sensing response characteristics of ZT thin film, PANI is incorporated. Thin film based LPG sensor of ZnO-TiO
-PANI composite was fabricated by spin coating of ZnO-TiO
nanoparticles doped with PANI over inter digital electrodes (IDEs). The thin film was characterized by using XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, BET and FTIR. It was also tested for gas sensing properties of LPG/NO
which are well known flammable and toxic gases. The measured response for ZnO-TiO
-PANI based sensor was 87 for 2000 ppm of LPG and 412 for 20 ppm of NO
at room temperature towards other testing gases together with Acetone, IPA, NH
and CO
.
In the present work, NO2 gas sensor based on Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures were prepared by using the chemical route technique. CdS thin films of different thickness were prepared by spin ...coating technique with different speed (1000, 2000 and 3000 rpm). Prepared thin films were characterized by techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), which offered the information about the chemical structure and morphology of CdS thin film. Gas sensing measurements for detecting 20 ppm NO2 gas were carried out on CdS thin film prepared on interdigital electrodes patterned corning glass substrate and a maximum response of ~1.73 × 102 at 70 °C operating temperature was observed.
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•CdS thin film was prepared over inter digital electrodes (IDEs) by spin coating.•The hexagonal shaped surface morphology is being reported first time.•NO2 Gas sensor work at low operating temperature has been studied.•The sensing mechanism is administered by the porosity of the thin film.•The sensor has sensor response ~1.73 × 102 towards to 20 ppm.
•The synthesized ZnO is rutile with nanoneedle structure, easy and cost effective.•Average thickness and length of nanoneedle found as 145 nm and 445 nm from SEM.•The solar cell based on ZnO-NN as ...highly porous.•First time ZnO-NN incorporated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell.•Development of solar cell efficiency 4.2% at room temperature.
Developing new technologies that could lead to alternatives to the traditional silicon-based solar panels and to efficiently light the world in the future, is critically important because of limited natural petroleum resources. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promisingly efficient and clean hybrid, organic–inorganic, low-cost molecular solar cell devices. Because of their unique, multifunctional properties, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are promising materials to use to create photoanodes for DSSCs. ZnO was one of the first metal oxides which used in dye-sensitized solar cells. It exhibits a unique combination of potentially interesting properties such as high bulk electron mobility and probably the richest variety of nanostructures based on a very wide range of synthesis routes. The fabricated ZnO nanoneedle based DSSCs shows a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.48 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.44 and efficiency (ɳ) of 4.2% at one sun condition.
In this work, chemically synthesized Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were exposed to Cobalt-60 (Co-60), 1.25 MeV average energy of gamma source at different doses for possible augmentation in NH3 ...sensing. The hexagonal crystalline structure was confirmed by XRD spectra and an enhancement in crystallite size was observed with an increase in radiation followed by decrease at 50 kGy dose. The FTIR spectra showed there were no significant changes in the peak position after gamma-irradiation. The morphological investigation showed the maturation of 1D ZnO hexagonal nanorods over the surface of the film. However, after gamma-irradiation, the ZnO nanorods were found connected, forming bunches. The band-gap increased for 50 kGy doses as compared to pristine ZnO thin film. However, characterization result analysis showed that gamma-irradiation produced conspicuous improvements in chemically prepared ZnO microstructure. It was found that post-irradiated (at 30 kGy) ZnO thin film sensor achieved 7.29 as response factor for 400 ppm NH3 gas sensing compared to 1.01 for the pristine sample. The outcome of this study showed that gamma-irradiation is an effective technique for improvement in the sensing performance of ZnO thin films which has great potential to use gamma irradiated ZnO sensor in chemical industries and laboratories.
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•Hexagonal nanorods of ZnO were chemically synthesized and exposed to gamma-radiation.•After gamma irradiation, surface area and D increased while bandgap decreased at 30 kGy dose.•NH3 sensing response increased 5 times after gamma irradiation at 30 kGy dose.
Present work reports the performance of a semiconducting PANI doped TiO
2
nanocomposite thin film and its application in CO
2
sensing. The TiO
2
–PANI nanocomposite layer was deposited on a ...simplified test device. Optical properties were investigated using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The surface morphology and structure of synthesized material were characterized by TEM and XRD analysis, respectively. The structural analysis confirmed the formation of TiO
2
–PANI having an average crystallite size 7 nm. Variations in resistance with the exposure of CO
2
to the sensing element were observed. Sensor response (S) as a function of time was calculated and its maximum value was found as 53 for 1000 ppm of CO
2
. Response and recovery times of the sensor were observed as 9.2 and 5.7 min respectively. Sensor was found reproducible.
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•The green synthesized of TiO2 is rutile with nanosheet structure, easy and cost effective.•TiO2 nanosheets are the surface area19.12 m2/g and crystallite size 96 nm.•Kinetic study in ...the presence of UV light.•The first order kinetics with rate constant 0.0196 min−1.•The photocatalytic efficiency measured as 58% for TiO2 nanosheet.
In this research article, the photocatalytic decolourization of rhodamin B by the newly green synthesized TiO2 nanostructure material has been investigated to consider as effective catalyst for the decontamination of wastewater. The crystal structure and particle size measurement of green synthesized TiO2 was appraised by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological, structure and particle size distribution was study by SEM and TEM. The optical properties of these materials were investigated by using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectra. The photocatalytic behaviour of synthesized TiO2 nanostructure was study the photo-degradation sample over the rhodamin B dye illustrate water pollutant under UV light irradiation. Photoluminescence spectra confirmed the enhancement of photogenerated e--h+ pair recombination of electron in valance and conduction band. The simultaneous photocatalytic efficiency and kinetic study was considered in the presence of UV light and measured as 58% and it follow first order kinetics with rate constant 0.0196 min−1.
In the present work, comparative investigations on NO
2
gas sensing properties of the hybrid nanocomposite thin films of polyaniline (PANI), ZnO and PANI-ZnO towards NO
2
gas at room temperature have ...been reported. The effect of concentration of PANI in the composite thin films on NO
2
gas sensing has been investigated. Structural and surface morphological characterizations have been carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The presence of 5 wt% PANI in the composite films was found to give a maximum sensing response of ∼6.11 × 10
2
towards 20 ppm NO
2
gas having fast response and recovery time of about 2.16 min and 3.5 min respectively.
In the present work, comparative investigations on NO
2
gas sensing properties of the hybrid nanocomposite thin films of polyaniline (PANI), ZnO and PANI-ZnO towards NO
2
gas at room temperature have been reported.
Present paper reports the growth mechanism of hexagonal ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) with their NO2 gas and humidity sensing. Thin film of ZnO was prepared using the zinc acetate with ethanol as ...precursors. Prepared thin film was annealed at 450°C for 2h which led to necking and coarsening of nanocrystals. Hexagonal crystalline nature of film was revealed by the XRD with the crystallite size ~71nm and AFM confirmed this fact. Film was exposed to NO2 and moisture separately and variations in resistance with the increasing %RH were recorded. The film gave highest sensing response for 20ppm NO2 as 150 and for moisture, the highest sensitivity was found as 10.91MΩ/%RH.
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•Hexagonal growth of ZnO nanocrystals.•Development of NO2 gas and moisture sensor at room temperature.•Easy and cost effective method of synthesis.•The sensing mechanism of ZnO is administered by the porosity of the thin film.•Reproducibility of results ~100%.
