Several countries have local transmission of multiple arboviruses, in particular, dengue and Zika viruses, which have recently spread through many American countries. Cross reactivity among ...Flaviviruses is high and present a challenge for accurate identification of the infecting agent. Thus, we evaluated the level of cross reactivity of anti‐dengue IgM/G Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) from three manufacturers against 122 serum samples obtained at two time‐points from 61 patients with non‐dengue confirmed Zika virus infection. All anti‐dengue ELISAs cross reacted with serum from patients with acute Zika infection at some level and a worrisome number of seroconversion for dengue IgG and IgM was observed. These findings may impact the interpretation of currently standard criteria for dengue diagnosis in endemic regions.
Self-rated health is an indicator that can be easily identified in health surveys, widely used to measure physical, social, mental, and health aspects of the population, and predict premature ...mortality. In Venezuela, this information only began to be collected recently, in the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI). In this context, our study aims to analyze the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with non-positive self-rated health among Venezuelan adults. The ENCOVI 2021 (n = 16,803) was used as a data source, assessing a probability stratified sample with questions about health, education, emigration, and other social and economic aspects. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio analyses were performed using Poisson regression models with robust variance. The prevalence of fair/bad self-rated health among Venezuelans was 17.8%. The results indicated a strong association between outcome prevalence and age group, 3.81 times higher (95%CI: 3.29-4.41) among individuals aged 60 or more when compared to individuals aged 18 to 29 years. Also, participants experiencing severe food insecurity had a prevalence 2 times higher (95%CI: 1.61-2.47) than those who did not have any level of food insecurity. Factors such as poverty, education, recent emigration of family members, and sex also showed a significant influence, also when analyzed independently. The results show that special attention should be dedicated to the health of individuals facing hunger and of the older people.
Resumo: A autoavaliação de saúde é um indicador de simples captação em inquéritos de saúde, amplamente utilizado em pesquisas para medir aspectos físicos, sociais, mentais e de saúde da população, além de predizer a mortalidade precoce. No caso venezuelano, apenas recentemente começou a se coletar essa informação por meio da Pesquisa Nacional de Condições de Vida (ENCOVI). Nesse contexto, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar os fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados à autoavaliação não positiva da saúde entre adultos venezuelanos. Utiliza-se como fonte de dados a ENCOVI 2021 (n = 16.803), cuja amostra é probabilística e estratificada, apresentando perguntas sobre saúde, educação, migração e outros aspectos sociais e econômicos. Foram realizadas análises brutas e ajustadas de razão de prevalência, estimadas por meio de modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde regular/ruim entre venezuelanos foi de 17,8%. Os resultados indicaram uma forte associação entre a prevalência do desfecho e a faixa etária, sendo 3,81 vezes maior (IC95%: 3,29-4,41) entre os indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais, em comparação àqueles com idade de 18 a 29 anos. Além disso, os participantes em situação de insegurança alimentar severa apresentaram uma prevalência 2 vezes maior (IC95%: 1,61-2,47) do que aqueles que não enfrentaram nenhum nível de insegurança alimentar. Fatores como pobreza, escolaridade, emigração recente de familiares e sexo também demonstraram influência significativa, mesmo quando analisados independentemente. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de atenção especial à saúde daqueles que enfrentam fome e dos idosos.
Resumen: La autoevaluación de salud es un indicador de simple captación en encuestas de salud, muy utilizado en investigaciones para medir aspectos físicos, sociales, mentales y de salud de la población, además de predecir la mortalidad precoz. En el caso de los venezolanos, esta información recién comenzó a recopilarse en la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI). En este contexto, el objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores demográficos y socioeconómicos asociados con la autoevaluación de salud no positiva entre los venezolanos adultos. Se utiliza la ENCOVI 2021 como fuente de datos (n = 16.803), que tiene una muestra probabilística y estratificada, además de preguntas sobre salud, educación, migración y otros aspectos sociales y económicos. Se realizaron análisis de la razón de prevalencia crudos y ajustados, estimados a través de modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. La prevalencia de la autoevaluación de salud regular/mala entre los venezolanos fue del 17,8%. Los resultados mostraron una fuerte asociación entre la prevalencia del resultado y el grupo de edad, siendo 3,81 veces mayor (IC95%: 3,29-4,41) entre las personas con 60 años o más, en comparación con las de 18 a 29 años. Además, los participantes en situación de inseguridad alimentaria grave presentaron una prevalencia 2 veces mayor (IC95%: 1,61-2,47) que aquellos que no enfrentaron ningún nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Factores como pobreza, escolaridad, emigración reciente de familiares y género también demostraron una influencia significativa, aun cuando analizados de manera independiente. Los resultados resaltan la necesidad de prestar especial atención a la salud de los que enfrentan hambre y de las personas mayores.
Although high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis has emerged as an efficient strategy of sugar production from lignocellulosic materials, this process requires several steps to increase its efficiency. ...Current strategies include treatments to remove noncellulosic macromolecules. Here, dilute alkaline extraction was controlled to remove loosely bound xylan from sugarcane bagasse, and 14.7% (w/w) was recovered by ethanol precipitation. To the supernatant, sodium sulfite (5% w/w) was added to pretreat the residual sugarcane bagasse with alkaline sulfite ethanol (ASE). The sequential process allowed the removal of 85% of lignin, producing a carbohydrate-enriched solid. Incubation of ASE-pretreated bagasse with xylanase released up to 43% of the xylan as oligomers. Subsequent enzymatic saccharification was performed at initial solid loadings, 5, 10, and 15%. The conversion of ASE-pretreated bagasse yielded 84.4% glucan hydrolysis or 75 g/L glucose at 15% solids after 48 h, while samples with reduced xylan contents had lower water retention, and achieved relevant glucan hydrolysis yield (73%) and glucose titer (87 g/L). Enzymatic saccharification at high solid loading was dependent on xylan removal, and control of excess residual xylan may play an important role in fine-tuning product formation in high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucan fraction.
•We found a high prevalence of overweight and food insecurity in adults in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil.•Community and consumer food environments influence overweight.•We suggest that ...there is a syndemic between overweight and food insecurity, at the most severe levels, influenced by the food environment.•Implementation of policies that consider the community and consumer environments valid for the local context.
Obesity has been characterized as an ongoing pandemic. This swift and continuous weight increase cannot be explained solely by individual factors. High availability of Ultra Processed Food (UPF) and reduced supply or absence of unprocessed/minimally processed foods in food environments can influence food choices and promote a syndemic process involving overweight and food insecurity. We evaluate the association between overweight and food community and consumer environment among adults in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil and discuss within syndemic theory. Data was collected at individual and environment levels in 2019. Information on 446 individuals and 231 food stores was gathered. Logistic multi-level regression models assessed the association between overweight and neighborhood and food environment measurements which have been adjusted by individual characteristics and census track data. Prevalence of overweight and food insecurity was high, 70.9 % and 72 % respectively. Each participant had, on average, 20.64 ± 5.78 food stores in their food environment. Stores that sell UPF had the highest density rates. People living within a milieu with the highest density of stores predominantly selling UPF (OR = 1.92; p < 0.05), with the highest average UPF sold at check-out (OR = 2.19; p < 0.05), with the highest average of soft drinks available in the stores (OR = 1.68; p < 0.05), and availability of filled cookies within the intermediate category (OR = 2.26; p < 0.01), had the highest probability of being overweight. Food environment is associated with overweight, after controlling for individual factors, and it is suggested that there is a food syndemic involving overweight and food insecurity, which is influenced by the food environment.
•Flaviviruses present serological cross-reactivity with each other.•Brazil and other South American countries have co-circulation of several flaviviruses.•The yellow fever virus vaccine does not ...interfere with the specificity of dengue virus and Zika virus IgG ELISA tests.
This study was performed to determine whether neutralizing antibodies against yellow fever virus (YFV) generated by YFV vaccine could interfere in the specificity of dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) IgG ELISA tests.
Seventy-nine pairs of serum samples (pre- and post-vaccination), collected during the years 1997–1998 from children with no history of yellow fever disease who had been vaccinated against YFV, were tested. The seroconversion post-vaccination was evaluated through plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and four different commercial ELISA kits were used for the detection of DENV and ZIKV IgG antibodies.
A cross-reactivity rate of 3.9% with DENV IgG antibodies was found only with the Dengue Virus IgG Dx Select kit (Focus Diagnostics).
As several countries have local transmission of multiple arboviruses, the absence of cross-reactivity or minimum cross-reactivity of YFV neutralizing antibodies with DENV and ZIKV antigens is a relevant finding, since the interpretation of sero-epidemiological investigations would be seriously impacted in many regions where YFV vaccination is mandatory.
The toxicity of dietary E 171, a food grade titanium dioxide was evaluated. A recent study reported rats receiving E 171 in water developed inflammation and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the ...gastrointestinal tract. Here, rats received food containing E 171 (7 or 100 days). The 100-day study included feeding E 171 after dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or vehicle only pretreatment. Food consumption was similar between treatment groups with maximum total cumulative E 171 exposure being 2617 mg/kg in 7 days and 29,400 mg/kg in 100 days. No differences were observed due to E 171 in the percentage of dendritic, CD4+ T or Treg cells within Peyer's patches or the periphery, or in cytokine production in plasma, sections of jejunum, and colon in 7- or 100-day E 171 alone fed rats. Differences were observed for IL-17A in colon (400 ppm E 171 + DMH) and IL-12p70 in plasma (40 ppm E 171 + DMH). E 171 had no effect on histopathologic evaluations of small and large intestines, liver, spleen, lungs, or testes, and no effects on ACF, goblet cell numbers, or colonic gland length. Dietary E 171 administration (7- or 100-day), even at high doses, produced no effect on the immune parameters or tissue morphology.
•Dietary E 171 did not change immune cell profile in Peyer's patches or peripherally.•Dietary E 171 did not alter inflammatory cytokine profile in GI tract or circulation.•Dietary E 171 did not increase colonic proliferative lesions.•Dietary E 171 did not induce histopathologic changes in small and large intestine, liver, spleen, lungs, or testes.
Obesity is considered one of the main contemporary public health problems. We aim to assess changes in body weight and nutritional status in adulthood and the associated sociodemographic variables. ...We use data from the 2013 National Health Survey (
= 21,743). Changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) were calculated based on mean difference between measurements at age 20 and data collected at the interview, stratified by sex. The association was analyzed using linear regression. Mean weight gain was greater among women than men. The largest gain was verified among the younger adults for both sexes. Age was found to be associated with weight and BMI change in men and women where, for every additional year of age, there was an increase in weight and BMI of 0.10 kg and 0.04 kg/m
in men and of 0.22 kg and 0.09 kg/m
in women, respectively. For education, a direct association was found for men and an inverse for women. Association with area of residence was significant among males only, where rural men gained less than their urban counterparts. Weight gain was progressive, being more marked in the younger group, and was associated with education differently according to sex.
•Exposure to poly I:C during pregnancy induces behavioral deficits associated with schizophrenia-like phenotype in adulthood.•Treatment with resveratrol prevents behavioral impairments associated ...with maternal immune activation with poly I:C.•Synaptic and oligodendrocyte processes may be involved in the protective effect of treatment with resveratrol.
Maternal exposure to infectious agents such as arboviruses, bacteria, or other protozoans has been associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia (SZ). Evidence suggests that immunological processes occurring during infection may disturb the neural progenitor, impacting the central nervous system (CNS) functions. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that resveratrol (RSV) has neuroprotective activity through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated if the treatment with RSV during pregnancy would prevent the abnormalities associated with a SZ-like phenotype induced by maternal immune activation (MIA). Pregnant dams stimulated with a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C; 50 mg/kg), a viral nucleic acid mimetic or vehicle, on gestational day (GD) 12.5, were treated with RSV (40 mg/kg, s.c.) or saline, from GD 9.5 to GD 14.5. On day 45 after birth, the offspring was evaluated using a three-compartment social interaction test, elevated plus maze, and hyperlocomotion test induced by amphetamine. After the behavioral tests, the relative expression of mRNA to synapsin 1 (Syn1), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1), and SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (Sox2) was determined in the hippocampus and cortex. Treatment with RSV restored the social behavior and attenuated the hyperlocomotion of the offspring bred by dams submitted to MIA. RSV prevented the effects of MIA on Syn1 and Olig1 expression in the hippocampus and Syn1 in the cortex. The present study showed that maternal treatment with RSV attenuates some of the negative behavioral impacts caused by MIA, with modulation of synaptic and oligodendrogenesis processes.
A judicialização da questão social é um fenômeno proveniente das crises do capital. Assim, o enfrentamento das expressões da questão social por parte das políticas do Poder Executivo é transferido ...aos órgãos do Poder Judiciário. Este artigo emerge das análises realizadas durante o estágio curricular obrigatório em Serviço Social, que teve como objetivo refletir sobre o processo de trabalho do assistente social e a curatela da pessoa com deficiência e seus determinantes sociais. O debate aqui incitado é sobre o paradoxo entre direitos sociais instituídos a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a real materialização dos mesmos no cotidiano da pessoa com deficiência. Também o agravamento das demandas emergentes dos sujeitos devido ao contexto pandêmico de Covid-19, que modifica as condições de vida das populações que vivem nas cidades, bem como o acesso aos direitos. Portanto, este artigo visa a debater sobre as vivências da pessoa com deficiência na atual conjuntura, seus principais enfrentamentos históricos na sociabilidade burguesa, a judicialização das suas demandas e o processo de trabalho do assistente social inserido no campo sociojurídico, mais especificamente, no Poder Judiciário do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na Comarca de São Jerônimo.
The current paradigms of prevention and treatment are unable to curb obesity rates, which indicates the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. Obesity leads to several damages to the ...body and is an important risk factor for a number of other chronic diseases. Furthermore, despite the first alterations in obesity being observed and reported in peripheral tissues, studies indicate that obesity can also cause brain damage. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and the therapeutic manipulation of inflammation can be explored. In this context, the use of n-3 PUFA (especially in the form of fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA) may be an interesting strategy, as this substance is known by its anti-inflammatory effect and numerous benefits to the body, such as reduction of TAG, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure and platelet aggregation, and has shown potential to help treat obesity. Thereby, the aim of this narrative review was to summarise the literature related to n-3 PUFA use in obesity treatment. First, the review provides a brief description of the obesity pathophysiology, including alterations that occur in peripheral tissues and at the central nervous system. In the sequence, we describe what are n-3 PUFA, their sources and their general effects. Finally, we explore the main topic linking obesity and n-3 PUFA. Animal and human studies were included and alterations on the whole organism were described (peripheral tissues and brain).
PDF
