Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an economically valuable product, due to its high quality and premium price. Therefore it is vulnerable for adulteration by means of the addition of cheaper vegetable ...oils. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been suggested as a fast technique for the detection of adulteration. However, measurements still take several hours. Fast DSC measurements take several minutes. Therefore this study investigates the applicability of fast DSC for the detection of sunflower oil (SFO) in EVOO. Nine EVOOs, five SFOs and three mixtures were analysed. Cooling curves of EVOO and SFO show one major exothermic peak. Because the cooling curves of EVOO and SFO are very similar they cannot be used for the detection of adulteration. Heating curves of EVOOs show two major endothermic peaks after slow cooling (−2°C/s), heating curves of SFOs only one. Addition of SFO to EVOO caused a rapid decrease in the coldest endothermic peak and can therefore be used in the detection of adulteration of EVOO by SFO. Depending on the type of olive oil, the presence of 2–10% SFO can already be detected.
This work discusses laboratory experiments using atomic and molecular spectroscopy for diagnosis of laser-induced phenomena of interest in the field of medicine, and in astronomy for the ...understanding of recorded spectra from selected stars. Photo-acoustic spectroscopy utilizes femtosecond laser-pulse trains for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Optical emission spectroscopy explores nominal nanosecond laser-induced, nano-particle plasma and its detection sensitivity. The study of laboratory plasma generated in selected gas-mixtures reveals insights for the interpretation of white dwarf spectra.
Oil Analysis by Fast DSC van Wetten, I.A.; van Herwaarden, A.W.; Splinter, R. ...
Procedia engineering,
2014, 2014-00-00, Letnik:
87
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Thermal analysis of Olive and Sunflower Oil is done by Fast DSC to evaluate its potential to replace DSC for adulteration detection. DSC measurements take hours, Fast DSC minutes. Peak temperatures ...of the crystallisation peak in cooling for different Olive and Sunflower Oils are both comparable to DSC, but not always distinguishable. The heating curves of Olive and Sunflower Oil show more differences. Compared to DSC, Fast DSC shows lower peak temperatures for heating curve peaks.
Optical mapping techniques used to study spatial distributions of cardiac activity can be divided into two categories; (1) broad-field excitation method, in which hearts stained with voltage or ...calcium sensitive dyes are illuminated with broad-field excitation light and fluorescence is collected by image or photodiode arrays; (2) laser scanning method, in which illumination uses a scanning laser and fluorescence is collected with a photomultiplier tube. The spatial localization of the fluorescence signal for these two methods is unknown and may depend upon light absorption and scattering at both excitation and emission wavelengths. We measured the absorption coefficients (/spl mu//sub a/), scattering coefficients (/spl mu//sub s/), and scattering anisotropy coefficients (g) at representative excitation and emission wavelengths in rabbit heart tissue stained with di-4-ANEPPS or co-stained with both Rh237 and Oregon Green 488 BAPTA 1. Monte Carlo models were then used to simulate absorption and scattering of excitation light and fluorescence emission light for both broad-field and laser methods in three-dimensional tissue. Contributions of local emissions throughout the tissue to fluorescence collected from the tissue surface were determined for both methods. Our results show that spatial localization depends on the light absorption and scattering in tissue and on the optical mapping method that is used. A tissue region larger than the laser beam or collecting area of the array element contributes to the optical recordings.
A study compared the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised in 61 children (ages 4-16) with autism. Correlations between the test scores for DSM-IV criterion ...sets were on the order of 0.7. SRS scores were unrelated to I.Q. and exhibited inter-rater reliability on the order of 0.8. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)
•Fast DSC with liquids in the temperature range −100°C to +225°C, at scan rates up to 1000°C/s.•Reproducibility of calculated enthalpy values ca ±7%, of peak temperature values ca ±1°C.•Resolution ...for measuring lysozyme denaturation between 0.1% and 1% lysozyme solution in water by weight.•Measurements for bovine serum show good agreement with DSC results, but typically 1000× faster.•Results for olive oil give good agreement for the freezing peak, a temperature shift for the melting peak compared to DSC.
Based on a modified version of standard chips for fast differential scanning calorimetry, DSC of liquid samples has been performed at temperature scan rates of up to 1000°C/s. This paper describes experimental results with the protein lysozyme, bovine serum, and olive oil. The heating and cooling rate of the sensor is measured for temperature scan rates of up to 1300°C/s with water and 2-butanol, in the temperature range of −90°C/s to +130°C/s. The lysozyme is measured at temperature scan rates varying from 10°C/s to 400°C/s and in concentrations between 0.1% and 10% protein by weight. The bovine serum measurements show two main peaks, in good agreement with standard DSC measurements. Olive oil has been measured, with good agreement for the cooling curve and qualitative agreement for the heater curve, compared to DSC measurements.
•Human serum can be analyzed by Fast Liquid DSC.•The second generation chip based-liquid sensor is introduced.•Serum from CCRCC kidney cancer patients is analyzed by Fast Liquid DSC.
This paper ...describes how two different chip-based liquid sensors have been used for experimental Fast DSC measurements on human serum. The paper starts with describing the first chip-based liquid sensor, based on the XI-400 chip. Repeatability (measurements with the same chip) and reproducibility (measurements with different chips) measurements are described when a linear or a second-degree polynomial baseline is subtracted from the raw data. Human serum with deviating Immunoglobulin levels was measured. The second half of the paper describes the second generation chip based-liquid sensor, based on the XI-468B chip. The new more sensitive chip is described and used for measurements with ten serum samples from healthy individuals and five serum samples from patients diagnosed with CCRCC kidney cancer. Differences are found between the serum from healthy individuals and the serum from the CCRCC kidney cancer patients.
I describe a nested-grid particle-mesh (NGPM) code designed to study gravitational instability in three dimensions. The code is based upon a standard PM code. Within the parent grid I am able to ...define smaller subgrids, allowing a substantial extension of the dynamical range in mass and length. I treat the fields on the parent grid as background fields and utilize a one-way interactive meshing. Waves on the coarse parent grid are allowed to enter and exit the subgrid, but waves from the subgrid are precluded from affecting the dynamics of the parent grid. On the parent grid the potential is computed using a standard multiple Fourier transform technique. On the subgrid a Fourier transform technique is used to compute the subgrid potential at high resolution. Quasi-isolated boundary conditions are imposed on the subgrid using the standard method for generating isolated boundary conditions, but, rather than using the isolated Green function, the Ewald method is used to compute a Green function on the subgrid which possesses the full periodicity of the parent grid. I present a detailed discussion of my methodology and a series of code tests.
Optima HD Imax: Molecular Implant Tieger, D R; Splinter, P R; Hsieh, T J ...
AIP conference proceedings,
01/2008, Letnik:
1066, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Molecular implantation offers semiconductor device manufacturers multiple advantages over traditional high current ion implanters. The dose multiplication due to implanting more than one atom per ...molecule and the transport of beams at higher energies relative to the effective particle energies result in significant throughput enhancements without risk of energy contamination. The Optima HD Imax is introduced with molecular implant capability and the ability to reach up to 4.2 keV effective 11B from octadecaborane (B18H22). The ion source and beamline are optimized for molecular species ionization and transport. The beamline is coupled to the Optima HD mechanically scanned endstation. The use of spot beam technology with ionized molecules maximizes the throughput potential and produces uniform implants with fast setup time and with superior angle control. The implanter architecture is designed to run multiple molecular species; for example, in addition to B18H22 the system is capable of implanting carbon molecules for strain engineering and shallow junction engineering. Source lifetime data and typical operating conditions are described both for high dose, memory applications such as dual poly gate as well as lower energy implants for source drain extension and contact implants. Throughputs have been achieved in excess of 50 wafers per hour at doses up to 1X1016 ions/cm2 and for energies as low as 1 keV.
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