It is shown that recent experimental data in the knee region contradict each other and new approaches to the so – called "knee problem" are needed to solve this complicated and old problem. The ...PRISMA project proposed by us is based on an idea that the main EAS component – hadrons have to be measured first of all. Special detectors have been developed for this purpose. It is shown using Monte-Carlo simulations that only full-scale recording of hadronic component could give us a key to the solution. The location of such experiment should be at high altitude (the higher, the better) and that is why we proposed to combine the central part of the PRISMA array with that of the LHAASO project array to be constructed in Tibet. If the proposal will have success then the "knee problem" will be solved in a few years.
The spatial distributions of electrons and hadrons in extensive air showers, obtained during the PRISMA-32 experiment simulation, are considered. The experiment was simulated for primary protons and ...iron nuclei using the CORSIKA6.9 and GEANT4.10 software packages. The simulated spatial distribution functions of electrons and neutrons in the extensive air showers (EAS) at the Moscow altitude are compared to the published experimental data of the PRISMA-32 setup.
A novel method for studying the hadronic component of extensive air showers (EAS) is proposed. The method is based on recording thermal neutrons accompanying EAS with en-detectors that are sensitive ...to two EAS components: an electromagnetic (e) component and a hadron component in the form of neutrons (n). In contrast to hadron calorimeters used in some arrays, the proposed method makes it possible to record the hadronic component over the whole area of the array. The efficiency of a prototype array that consists of 32 en-detectors was tested for a long time, and some parameters of the neutron EAS component were determined.
Variations in the natural thermal neutron flux are measured at the
n
-Kamchatka installation in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky during May 2019, using electron-neutron detectors designed at the Russian ...Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Nuclear Research. Because of its high level of seismic activity, the South Kamchatka subduction zone was chosen as the location of yet another installation belonging to the global network of this type of arrays under different geological and geophysical conditions. The aim of the
n
-Kamchatka installation is to study correlations between the dynamics of the natural thermal neutron flux and seismic activity. Results are presented from of the first 1.5 years of the installation’s operation.
Multicomponent Registration of the EAS Amelchakov, M. B.; Barbashina, N. S.; Bogdanov, A. G. ...
Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics,
08/2019, Letnik:
83, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The NEVOD experimental complex was created at MEPhI. It includes several facilities for studying the electron–photon, muon, and hadron components of the EAS in the energy range of 1 PeV to 1 EeV. ...This work presents the first results for two months of the joint operation of five facilities (NEVOD-EAS, CWD, CTS, PRISMA-32, and DECOR). The problems of synchronizing the facilities and selecting joint events are considered. The experimental data of these facilities are analyzed for different components of the EAS in overlapping energy ranges.
It is shown that recent experimental data in the region of the knee in the cosmic ray spectrum are somewhat contradictory and new approaches are needed to solve the so-called knee problem. The RRISMA ...project that we propose is based on the simple idea of giving priority to detecting and studying hadrons as the major EAS component. Special detectors are therefore developed. The experiment should be conducted high in the mountains (the higher the better), where the number of hadrons is higher. We therefore proposed combining PRISMA and the LHAASO (Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory) now under construction in Tibet 4300 m above sea level.
Data on the EAS neutron component obtained using the PRISMA-32 array are presented. Secondary neutrons are first moderated and then detected by specialized scintillation electron–neutron detectors ...(en-detectors) within 20 ms of the arrival of the shower front. The PRISMA-32 array comprises 32 en-detectors and has been operated in the continuous data acquisition mode for more than five years.
Interesting results are obtained using a setup with electron-neutron detectors (EN-detectors) developed for the PRISMA (PRImary Spectrum Measuring Array) project to study extensive atmospheric ...showers. A small installation of four EN-detectors (PRISMA-YBJ) has been in operation for three and a half years on the Earth’s surface in Tibet, 4300 m above sea level, constantly measuring the natural flux of thermal neutrons. Neutrons are produced in soil during (α,
n
)-reactions with naturally radioactive α-particles, mainly from the decay of radon and daughter heavy nuclides. The neutrons are thermalized in the medium and, once in equilibrium with it, become sensitive to its state. They then can indicate many geophysical processes in the crust, including earthquakes. Results illustrating the sensitivity of EN-detectors to earthquakes are considered.
First prototypes of PRISMA-32 neutron detectors based on the ZnS (Ag) scintillator demonstrated the perspectives of their application for detection of neutrons in extensive air showers. Detected ...thermal neutrons are generated due to interactions of the hadronic component with the nuclei of the atmosphere or the matter surrounding the detector and carry important information about the energy of primary particles. A mixture of zinc sulfide with natural boron (ZnS + B2O3) is used in the URAN setup. Detectors of the URAN array are located on the roofs of NEVOD and neighboring laboratory buildings; the area of each detector is 0.36 m2. The array consists of independent clusters of 12 detectors in each and is united by a central station of collection and processing of information. Two new clusters of the array were put into operation in 2017, synchronization with other NEVOD setups (NEVOD-EAS array and NEVOD-DECOR-SCT) was provided, and collection of experimental data was started with the area of about 103 m2. The first events of the EAS with neutrons have been registered and data on the temporal distribution of EAS neutrons have been obtained.
PDF
