Borazine continues to be relevant in industries as diverse as energy utilisation
via
fuel cells and as a possible route to boron nitride. Despite it having been known for almost a century, the ...vibrational spectroscopy of borazine is still incomplete. The inclusion of inelastic neutron scattering spectra has enabled the observation of all of the internal modes of borazine (including the infrared and Raman forbidden modes) for the first time. A complete assignment has been generated with the use of dispersion corrected DFT calculations. This has shown that the accepted ordering of the modes is incorrect in some cases and rationalised conflicting assignments in the literature.
Inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopy has detected all of the internal modes of borazine, including the infrared and Raman forbidden modes.
ABSTRACT
Aims Our study sought to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for opioid drug dependence among out‐patients on long‐term opioid therapy in a large health‐care system.
Methods Using ...electronic health records, we identified out‐patients receiving 4+ physician orders for opioid therapy in the past 12 months for non‐cancer pain within a large US health‐care system. We completed diagnostic interviews with 705 of these patients to identify opioid use disorders and assess risk factors.
Results Preliminary analyses suggested that current opioid dependence might be as high as 26% 95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.0–29.9 among the patients studied. Logistic regressions indicated that current dependence was associated with variables often in the medical record, including age <65 odds ratio (OR) = 2.33, P = 0.001, opioid abuse history (OR = 3.81, P < 0.001), high dependence severity (OR = 1.85, P = 0.001), major depression (OR = 1.29, P = 0.022) and psychotropic medication use (OR = 1.73, P = 0.006). Four variables combined (age, depression, psychotropic medications and pain impairment) predicted increased risk for current dependence, compared to those without these factors (OR = 8.01, P < 0.001). Knowing that the patient also had a history of severe dependence and opioid abuse increased this risk substantially (OR = 56.36, P < 0.001).
Conclusion Opioid misuse and dependence among prescription opioid patients in the United States may be higher than expected. A small number of factors, many documented in the medical record, predicted opioid dependence among the out‐patients studied. These preliminary findings should be useful in future research efforts.
Why multi‐disciplinary team briefings work Flemming, A. F. Stewart; Carpini, Joseph Alexander
ANZ journal of surgery,
July/August 2023, 2023 Jul-Aug, 2023-07-00, 20230701, Letnik:
93, Številka:
7-8
Journal Article
The etiology and prognosis of chronic daily headache (CDH) are not well understood. The aim of this study is to describe factors that predict CDH onset or remission in an adult population. Potential ...cases (180+ headaches per year, n=1134) and controls (two to 104 headaches per year, n=798) were interviewed two times over an average 11 months of follow-up. Factors associated with CDH prevalence at baseline were evaluated. The incidence of CDH and risk factors for onset were assessed in controls whose headache frequency increased to 180+ per year at follow-up. Prognostic factors were assessed in CDH cases whose headache frequency fell at follow-up. CDH was more common in women, in whites, and those of less education. CDH cases were more likely to be previously married (divorced, widowed, separated), obese, and report a physician diagnosis of diabetes or arthritis. At follow-up, 3% of the controls reported 180 or more headaches per year. Obesity and baseline headache frequency were significantly associated with new onset CDH. In CDH cases, the projected 1-year remission rate to less than one headache per week was 14% and to less than 180 headaches per year was 57%. A better prognosis was associated with higher education, non-white race, being married, and with diagnosed diabetes. Individuals with less than a high-school education, whites, and those who were previously married had a higher risk of CDH at baseline and reduced likelihood of remission at follow-up. New onset CDH was associated with baseline headache frequency and obesity.
We identify molecular nitrogen (N2) emissions in the Martian upper atmosphere using the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We ...report the first observations of the N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) bands at Mars and confirm the tentative identification of the N2 Vegard‐Kaplan (VK) bands. We retrieve N2 density profiles from the VK limb emissions and compare calculated limb radiances between 90 and 210 km against both observations and predictions from a Mars general circulation model (GCM). Contrary to earlier analyses using other satellite data, we find that N2 abundances exceed GCM results by about a factor of 2 at 130 km but are in agreement at 150 km. The analysis and interpretation are enabled by a linear regression method used to extract components of UV spectra from IUVS limb observations.
Key Points
N2 detected in the upper atmosphere of Mars by IUVS on MAVEN
Tentative identification of N2 Vegard‐Kaplan band emission confirmed
N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield bands identified on Mars for the first time
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have social interaction deficits and difficulty filtering information. Inhibitory interneurons filter information at pyramidal neurons of the anterior ...cingulate cortex (ACC), an integration hub for higher-order thalamic inputs important for social interaction. Humans with deletions including LMO4, an endogenous inhibitor of PTP1B, display intellectual disabilities and occasionally autism. PV-Lmo4KO mice ablate Lmo4 in PV interneurons and display ASD-like repetitive behaviors and social interaction deficits. Surprisingly, increased PV neuron-mediated peri-somatic feedforward inhibition to the pyramidal neurons causes a compensatory reduction in (somatostatin neuron-mediated) dendritic inhibition. These homeostatic changes increase filtering of mediodorsal-thalamocortical inputs but reduce filtering of cortico-cortical inputs and narrow the range of stimuli ACC pyramidal neurons can distinguish. Simultaneous ablation of PTP1B in PV-Lmo4KO neurons prevents these deficits, indicating that PTP1B activation in PV interneurons contributes to ASD-like characteristics and homeostatic maladaptation of inhibitory circuits may contribute to deficient information filtering in ASD.
Diiron nonacarbonyl, Fe2(CO)9, was discovered in 1905 and was the third metal carbonyl to be found. It was the first to be synthesized by a photochemical route. This is a challenging material to ...study: it is insoluble in virtually all solvents and decomposes at 373 K before melting. This means that only solid-state spectroscopic data are available. New infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra have been measured and used to generate a complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of Fe2(CO)9. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to support the assignments; however, for this material, they are much less useful than expected, although the calculated intensities provide crucial information.
Tumour angiogenesis is an important hallmark of cancer and the study of its metabolic adaptations, downstream to any cellular change, can reveal attractive targets for inhibiting cancer growth. In ...the tumour microenvironment, endothelial cells (ECs) interact with heterogeneous tumour cell types that drive angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study we aim to characterize the metabolic alterations in ECs influenced by the presence of tumour cells with extreme metastatic abilities. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to different microenvironmental conditions, such as the presence of highly metastatic PC-3M and highly invasive PC-3S prostate cancer cell lines, in addition to the angiogenic activator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), under normoxia. Untargeted high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics revealed significant metabolite differences among the various conditions and a total of 25 significantly altered metabolites were identified including acetyl L-carnitine, NAD+, hypoxanthine, guanine and oleamide, with profile changes unique to each of the experimental conditions. Biochemical pathway analysis revealed the importance of fatty acid oxidation and nucleotide salvage pathways. These results provide a global metabolic preview that could help in selectively targeting the ECs aiding in either cancer cell invasion or metastasis in the heterogeneous tumour microenvironment.
We have investigated the functional significance of conserved sequences within the 9p21.3 risk locus for coronary artery disease (CAD) and determined the relationship of 9p21.3 to expression of ANRIL ...and to whole genome gene expression.
We demonstrate that a conserved sequence within the 9p21.3 locus has enhancer activity and that the risk variant significantly increases reporter gene expression in primary aortic smooth muscle cells. Whole blood RNA expression of the short variants of ANRIL was increased by 2.2-fold whereas expression of the long ANRIL variant was decreased by 1.2-fold in healthy subjects homozygous for the risk allele. Expression levels of the long and short ANRIL variants were positively correlated with that of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN2B (p15) and TDGF1 (Cripto), respectively. Relevant to atherosclerosis, genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated upregulation of gene sets modulating cellular proliferation in carriers of the risk allele.
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the 9p21.3 risk allele contains a functional enhancer, the activity of which is altered in carriers of the risk allele. 9p21.3 may promote atherosclerosis by regulating expression of ANRIL, which in turn is associated with altered expression of genes controlling cellular proliferation pathways.
Change of direction speed (CODS) is often considered a main determinant of successful performance in many team sports and is routinely measured using field‐based tests. However, controversy regarding ...test selection still exists based upon the reliability and specificity of the tests. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the reliability, factorial validity, and interrelationships of five frequently used CODS tests (Illinois, L‐Run, Pro‐Agility, T‐test, and 505). Forty‐four physical education students (male n = 24; female n = 20; age; 16.7 ± 0.6), who compete within team sports, to varying levels of competition, participated in this study. Three trials for each of the five tests were recorded. All tests had high (intraclass correlation coefficient) test–retest reliability (r = 0.88–0.95) and low typical percentage error (1.95–2.40%). The principle component factor analysis resulted in the extraction of one significant component which explained 89.52% of the total variance. All selected tests were positively and strongly correlated (r = 0.84–0.89). Based upon the results of this study, it was concluded that all tests are highly reliable and valid measures of CODS, with all tests assessing a general athletic ability to change direction. Future research should investigate the factorial validity of the CODS test within homogenous samples.
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