We present a first random number generator (RNG) which simultaneously uses independent spatial and temporal quantum randomness contained in an optical system. Availability of the two independent ...sources of entropy makes the RNG resilient to hardware failure and signal injection attacks. We show that the deviation from randomness of the generated numbers can be estimated quickly from simple measurements thus eliminating the need for usual time-consuming statistical testing of the output data. As a confirmation it is demonstrated that generated numbers pass NIST Statistical test suite.
Acute psychotic disorder is a relatively common clinical diagnosis, sometimes isolated, transient and non-returnable, but quite often representing the beginning of a more serious illness, such as ...schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar affective disorder. Psychotic decompensation within the personality disorder spectrum is often met in clinical practice as well. Standardized therapeutic protocols emphasize decisive application of psychofarmacotherapy, but for the complete treatment it is vital to understand the psychological characteristics of the patient's personality, his specific social and family relations, ensuring the achievement of a strong supportive therapeutic alliance. In this paper we present a female in-patient, aged 41, who has been treated for her first psychotic decompensation. Florid psychotic symptoms have been relatively quickly mitigated by the combined use of typical and atypical antipsychotics, with the adjuvant supportive anxiolytic therapy. During the treatment some crucial emotional and psychological moments in the patient's life have been identified, and only with their complete understanding have we been able to achieve full treatment. Especially important have been severe traumatic experiences since the patient's earliest childhood, with consequent inhibiting panic equivalents. The patient has established immature defence mechanisms, with the general functioning organized by passive-dependent patterns. She has been repeating those early adopted patterns in all forms of her social and family interactions. Occasional non-specific prepsychotic symptoms over the years she has been reducing through the alcohol abuse. This intriguing case report has once again confirmed that only a multidisciplinary personalized holistic approach may lead to a positive therapeutic progress and a better long-term prognosis.
In this work we investigate operation in the Geiger mode of the new single photon avalanche photo diode (SPAD) SAP500 manufactured by Laser Components. This SPAD is sensitive in the range 400-1000 nm ...and has a conventional reach-through structure which ensures good quantum efficiency at the long end of the spectrum. By use of passive and active quenching schemes we investigate detection efficiency, timing jitter, dark counts, afterpulsing, gain and other important parameters and compare them to the "standard" low noise SPAD C30902SH from Perkin Elmer. We conclude that SAP500 offers better combination of detection efficiency, low noise and timing precision.
Quantum communication experiments with entangled photon pairs Peranic, M.; Loncaric, M.; Radman, A. ...
2022 45th Jubilee International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO),
2022-May-23
Conference Proceeding
Today, perhaps more than ever before, the security of information and communication is increasingly important. The cryptographic protocols used in classical cryptography are based on mathematical ...algorithms and can be breached. On the other hand, the laws of quantum physics enable quantum key distribution (QKD) and it is possible to achieve absolute security of communication based on the fundamental laws of nature. Anyone who would eavesdrop QKD-based communication must perform a measurement, which implies an impact on the system that can be detected by the sender and receiver. In this paper, we present a brief overview of QKD implementations and our experimental setup for generation of quantum key. Using this setup, we measured violation of the Bell's inequality of 114 standard deviations from the classical boundary, which confirms the non-local behavior of the entangled photon pairs. One can also use this source to create hybrid connections in combination with both optical fibers and free space.
A
bstract
The OPERA neutrino experiment at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory has measured the velocity of neutrinos from the CERN CNGS beam over a baseline of about 730 km. The measurement is ...based on data taken by OPERA in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. Dedicated upgrades of the CNGS timing system and of the OPERA detector, as well as a high precision geodesy campaign for the measurement of the neutrino baseline, allowed reaching comparable systematic and statistical accuracies.
An arrival time of CNGS muon neutrinos with respect to the one computed assuming the speed of light in vacuum of
was measured corresponding to a relative difference of the muon neutrino velocity with respect to the speed of light
. The above result, obtained by comparing the time distributions of neutrino interactions and of protons hitting the CNGS target in 10.5
μ
s long extractions, was confirmed by a test performed at the end of 2011 using a short bunch beam allowing to measure the neutrino time of flight at the single interaction level.
A design study, named
ESS
ν
SB
for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation ...Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will allow for measuring the neutrino oscillations near the second oscillation maximum at which the CP violation signal is close to three times higher than at the first maximum, where other experiments measure. This will enable CP violation discovery in the leptonic sector for a wider range of values of the CP violating phase
δ
CP
and, in particular, a higher precision measurement of
δ
CP
. The present Conceptual Design Report describes the results of the design study of the required upgrade of the ESS linac, of the accumulator ring used to compress the linac pulses from 2.86 ms to 1.2 μs, and of the target station, where the 5 MW proton beam is used to produce the intense neutrino beam. It also presents the design of the near detector, which is used to monitor the neutrino beam as well as to measure neutrino cross sections, and of the large underground far detector located 360 km from ESS, where the magnitude of the oscillation appearance of
ν
e
from
ν
μ
is measured. The physics performance of the
ESS
ν
SB
research facility has been evaluated demonstrating that after 10 years of data-taking, leptonic CP violation can be detected with more than 5 standard deviation significance over 70% of the range of values that the CP violation phase angle
δ
CP
can take and that
δ
CP
can be measured with a standard error less than 8° irrespective of the measured value of
δ
CP
. These results demonstrate the uniquely high physics performance of the proposed
ESS
ν
SB
research facility.
The ENUBET project is aimed at designing and experimentally demonstrating the concept of monitored neutrino beams. These novel beams are enhanced by an instrumented decay tunnel, whose detectors ...reconstruct large-angle charged leptons produced in the tunnel and give a direct estimate of the neutrino flux at the source. These facilities are thus the ideal tool for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale because they offer superior control of beam systematics with respect to existing facilities. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end design of a monitored neutrino beam capable of monitoring lepton production at the single particle level. This goal is achieved by a new focusing system without magnetic horns, a 20 m normal-conducting transfer line for charge and momentum selection, and a 40 m tunnel instrumented with cost-effective particle detectors. Employing such a design, we show that percent precision in cross-section measurements can be achieved at the CERN SPS complex with existing neutrino detectors.
Polysiloxane-based scintillators for shashlik calorimeters Acerbi, F.; Branca, A.; Brizzolari, C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2020, Letnik:
956
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We present the first application of polysiloxane-based scintillators as active medium in a shashlik sampling calorimeter. These results were obtained from a testbeam campaign of a ∼6×6×45 cm3 (13 X0 ...depth) prototype. A Wavelength Shifting fiber array of 36 elements runs perpendicularly to the stack of iron (15 mm) and polysiloxane scintillator (15 mm) tiles with a density of about one over cm2. Unlike shashlik calorimeters based on plastic organic scintillators, here fibers are optically matched with the scintillator without any intermediate air gap. The prototype features a compact light readout based on Silicon Photo-Multipliers embedded in the bulk of the detector. The detector was tested with electrons, pions and muons with energies ranging from 1 to 7 GeV at the CERN-PS. This solution offers a highly radiation hard detector to instrument the decay region of a neutrino beam, providing an event-by-event measurement of high-angle decay products associated with neutrino production (ENUBET, Enhanced NeUtrino BEams from kaon Tagging, ERC project). The results in terms of light yield, uniformity and energy resolution, are compared to a similar calorimeter built with ordinary plastic scintillators.
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