Summary
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has become an accepted practice in many countries and remains a focus of intense interest in the transplant community. The present study is aimed at ...providing a description of the current situation of DCD in European countries. Specific questionnaires were developed to compile information on DCD practices, activities and post‐transplant outcomes. Thirty‐five countries completed the survey. DCD is practiced in 18 countries: eight have both controlled DCD (cDCD) and uncontrolled DCD (uDCD) programs, 4 only cDCD and 6 only uDCD. All these countries have legally binding and/or nonbinding texts to regulate the practice of DCD. The no‐touch period ranges from 5 to 30 min. There are variations in ante and post mortem interventions used for the practice of cDCD. During 2008–2016, the highest DCD activity was described in the United Kingdom, Spain, Russia, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. Data on post‐transplant outcomes of patients who receive DCD donor kidneys show better results with grafts obtained from cDCD versus uDCD donors. In conclusion, DCD is becoming increasingly accepted and performed in Europe, importantly contributing to the number of organs available and providing acceptable post‐transplantation outcomes.
Monitoring European rabbit (
Oryctolagus cuniculus
) populations using suitable methods is crucial, especially in those areas in which endangered predators remain and rabbits occur at low densities. ...We first counted the number of rabbits, the number of scattered pellets, and the number of latrines counted within 16 plots established in areas of low rabbit density, showing that the number of rabbits counted inside the plots was more closely correlated with the number of pellets counted than with the number of latrines. In addition, no latrines were found in 8 plots. In 53 walking transects, the number of pellets m
−2
and the number of latrines km
−1
had a positive relationship, but no significant correlation was obtained between the two methods when only the transects with a low rabbit abundance were selected. These results suggest that although counting latrines can be useful to compare areas with different abundances, it may underestimate rabbit abundance at low abundances where counting scattered pellets is, therefore, the most accurate alternative.
The purpose of this study was to investigate QOL in parents/caretakers of children with cerebral palsy in the province of Kampong Cham, Cambodia. Forty parents/caretakers of children with cerebral ...palsy aged 1-13 years (F19/M21) participated in this study. The study was carried out using the Comprehensive Quality of life Scale A5 (ComQOL-A5) questionnaire. Results point out three major domains where quality of life is unsatisfactory: health, material well-being and emotional well-being. Of these areas, QOL in the health domain demonstrates the lowest scores. Results support a further commitment in providing comprehensive rehabilitation for parents and their children with CP in Kampong Cham. This study identifies the need for further research on QOL in parents/caretakers of children with CP in Cambodia and the need for development of valid and reliable QOL instruments targeting the developing world.
In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after ...exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had been recommended, but improved tests and new information on early diagnosis motivated a re-evaluation of the national recommendations by experts representing infectious diseases and microbiology, county medical officers, the RAV, the Public Health Agency, and other national authorities. Based on the current state of knowledge the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the RAV recommend, starting in April 2015, a follow-up period of 6 weeks after possible HIV-1 exposure, if HIV testing is performed using laboratory-based combination tests detecting both HIV antibody and antigen. If point-of-care rapid HIV tests are used, a follow-up period of 8 weeks is recommended, because currently available rapid tests have insufficient sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 antigen. A follow-up period of 12 weeks is recommended after a possible exposure for HIV-2, since presently used assays do not include HIV-2 antigens and only limited information is available on the development of HIV antibodies during early HIV-2 infection. If pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis is administered, the follow-up period is recommended to begin after completion of prophylaxis. Even if infection cannot be reliably excluded before the end of the recommended follow-up period, HIV testing should be performed at first contact for persons who seek such testing.
Allanblackia stuhlmannii is a tree species currently under domestication. Potential mycorrhizal relationships of A. stuhlmannii and soil properties of native stands were investigated to determine the ...soil–environmental requirements of the species. Roots and soil samples were collected from five sites with A. stuhlmannii stands along an altitudinal transect in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania. Mycorrhizal status was investigated by combining microscopy with molecular analysis of the fungal communities. Soil adjacent to the A. stuhlmannii seedlings was analysed for physical and chemical properties and the sites were characterised. We showed that A. stuhlmannii form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and that there was a diverse microbiome associated with the roots. The soils, classified as Ferralsol and Acrisol, were very well drained, had a pHCaCl2 generally at or below 4, high exchangeable acidity and content of sesquioxides and low effective cation exchange capacity and concentrations of most nutrients. We conclude that A. stuhlmannii is tolerant to high Al availability and possesses mechanisms for acquisition of P and other macronutrients at low soil availability, possibly through mycorrhizal symbiosis. However, being adapted to low‐pH soils, it may be less efficient in acquiring Fe, Mn and/or Zn at higher soil pH. Thus, it may be most suited to introduction on farms situated on acid soils.
Anxiety disorders are among the most persistent mental health syndromes. There is extensive research showing effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy interventions targeting anxiety, while ...knowledge is still sparse for other treatment options. The aim of this study was to explore how participants with anxiety disorders experience a physiotherapeutic group treatment in psychiatric outpatient care, and their perceived ability to manage anxiety within two months after participating in the treatment. Semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted to explore experiences of the treatment. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which resulted in one main theme: Reconnecting to the body in the supportive atmosphere of a group. Six categories reflect the main theme: (1) sharing with others supported by the group, (2) grounding oneself in the body, (3) getting to know the body and learning to manage its reactions, (4) learning to tolerate bodily sensations of anxiety, (5) gaining a more compassionate attitude toward oneself, and (6) challenging old patterns to become more active in life. The participants reported that their ability to reconnect to their bodies increased so that anxious sensations became more endurable and acceptable after treatment. The supportive group context was described as valuable, enabling the participants to feel safe enough to start exploring new ways to manage anxiety. In conclusion, this study suggests that a physiotherapeutic group treatment can be a useful add-on treatment to the standard treatment models of anxiety disorders, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, since it targets the embodied, nonverbal domain of anxiety.
This paper discusses what happens when religion in the shape of objects imbued with religious meaning is transformed into cultural heritage, suggesting three models to discuss its consequences for ...museums. The first model builds on the museum as a killing of previous identities, and the objects as provided with new identities as museum objects. A second model is the hybrid identity, where a museum object can possess several identities simultaneously, depending on the eyes of the beholder: sacredness, art object, or evidence of history. The third model is defined by the uses of objects. Distinguishing between cultual use and cultural use is crucial here. I argue that these different approaches to sacred objects in museum pose different museological challenges and possibilities, and also ascribes different agencies to museum staff as well as to the visitors.
Rapid and reliable detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and -2 (HSV-2) is of clinical significance in immunocompromised patients and patients with ...infections of the central nervous system. This paper describes the detection of VZV and HSV using the commercially available Affigene
® VZV and Affigene
® HSV 1/2 tracer kits in comparison to “in-house” polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. For sample preparation, Qiagen (Hilden, Germany) and Affigene
® (Cepheid AB, Bromma, Sweden) DNA extraction kits were used. 175 samples were analyzed for VZV and 352 samples for HSV-1 and -2. Generally more positive results were obtained using the Affigene
® assays compared to the “in-house” methods independent of the DNA preparation method used. There were significant differences in sensitivity between the Affigene
® HSV 1/2 tracer and the “in-house” PCR assays for the detection of both HSV-1 and -2 in cerebrospinal fluid and vesicle/skin swabs. The Affigene
® HSV 1/2 and VZV tracers are very sensitive assays for detection of VZV and HSV. A wide variety of clinical samples can be examined in combination with either the Qiagen or the Affigene
® DNA extraction kits for preparation.
Detta arbete handlar om organisationskultur och förändring på SJ. SJ är en organisation som har varit med om både stora och små förändringar under dess långa levnadstid. Det som belyses i detta ...arbete är de anställdas roll och ledarskapets betydelse för att organisationskulturen inte skall utgöra ett hinder i utveckling och förändring. Arbetet handlar även om produktionens påverkan på organisationskulturen. Syftet var att titta på vilka kulturella faktorer som det är viktigt att beakta för att åstadkomma ett lyckat utvecklingsarbete. Jag har valt den tolkande hermeneutiska kunskapsansatsen eftersom det är en helhet som jag skall studera tillsammans med olika smådelar. Jag har genom metoden introspektion berättat utifrån mina egna tankar och erfarenheter olika händelser inom SJ. Med hjälp av teoretisk litteratur har jag plockat ut valda delar som utgör min referensram. Det mest väsentligaste inom referensramen är ledarskapets betydelse, hur man skall se på produktionen och huruvida de anställda har format sin egen kultur inom gruppen. Jag har även relaterat till en avhandling om SJ av Maria Tullberg som bland annat tar upp de olika krafterna i organisationen SJ och vad de kan resultera i då förändringar genomförs. Jag har sedan kommit fram till att med hjälp av ledarskapet bör man låta den kulturella förändringens utgångspunkt ske underifrån för att den skall bli hållbar och utvecklande. Ur produktionshänseende är det en fördel att ta med sig vad som har format organisationen historiskt. Dessa faktorer bör vara avgörande för att kunna hålla ångesten, vilken är ett samlingsbegrepp för osäkerhet och spänning i en organisation, på acceptabel nivå som också underlättar utvecklingsarbetet. Slutligen finns det också då en chans att de grundläggande antagandena och värderingarna blir mer anpassade för en kombination av dåtid och nutid.
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