Recent studies demonstrate that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates many biochemical processes, especially the decrease of muscle injures, the increase in mitochondrial respiration and ATP ...synthesis for accelerating the healing process.
In this work, we evaluated mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and IV and succinate dehydrogenase activities after traumatic muscular injury.
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (
n
=
6): sham (uninjured muscle), muscle injury without treatment, muscle injury with LLLT (AsGa) 5
J/cm
2. Gastrocnemius injury was induced by a single blunt-impact trauma. LLLT was used 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after muscle-trauma.
Our results showed that the activities of complex II and succinate dehydrogenase after 5
days of muscular lesion were significantly increased when compared to the control group. Moreover, our results showed that LLLT significantly increased the activities of complexes I, II, III, IV and succinate dehydrogenase, when compared to the group of injured muscle without treatment.
These results suggest that the treatment with low-level laser may induce an increase in ATP synthesis, and that this may accelerate the muscle healing process.
Depressive disorders, including major depression, are serious and disabling. However, the exact pathophysiology of depression is not clearly understood. Life stressors contribute in some fashion to ...depression and are an extension of what occurs normally. In this context, chronic stress has been used as an animal model of depression. Based on the hypothesis that metabolism impairment might be involved in the pathophysiology of depression, in the present work we evaluated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and creatine kinase in brain of rats subjected to chronic stress. After 40 days of mild stress, a reduction in sweet food ingestion was observed, as well as increased adrenal gland weight, when compared to control group. We also verified that control group gained weight after 40 days, but stressed group did not. Moreover, our findings showed that complex I, III and IV were inhibited in stress group only in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. On the other hand, complex II and creatine kinase were not affected in stressed group. Although it is difficult to extrapolate our findings to the human condition, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain by chronic stress may be one mechanism in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate on depressive-like behavior and mitochondrial alteration parameters in animal models of depression induced by maternal ...deprivation or chronic mild stress in Wistar rats. maternal deprivation was established by separating pups from their mothers for 3 h daily from postnatal day 1 to day 10. Chronic mild stress was established by water deprivation, food deprivation, restraint stress, isolation and flashing lights. Sodium butyrate or saline was administered twice a day for 7 days before the behavioral tests. Depressive behavior was evaluated using the forced swim test. The activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase) and of mitochondrial chain complexes (I, II, II-III and IV) was measured in the striatum of rats. From these analyses it can be observed that sodium butyrate reversed the depressive-like behavior observed in both animal models of depression. Additionally, maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress inhibited mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and increased the activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes. Sodium butyrate treatment reversed -maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress- induced dysfunction in the striatum of rats. In conclusion, sodium butyrate showed antidepressant effects in maternal deprivation and chronic mild stress-treated rats, and this effect can be attributed to its action on the neurochemical pathways related to depression.
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that comes from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Moreover, studies have shown a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and obesity. ...In the present study, we investigated the effect of acerola juices (unripe, ripe, and industrial) and its main pharmacologically active components (vitamin C and rutin) on the activity of enzymes of energy metabolism in the brain of mice fed a palatable cafeteria diet. Two groups of male Swiss mice were fed on a standard diet (STA) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 13 weeks. Afterwards, the CAF-fed animals were divided into six subgroups, each of which received a different supplement for one further month (water, unripe, ripe or industrial acerola juices, vitamin C, or rutin) by gavage. Our results demonstrated that CAF diet inhibited the activity of citrate synthase in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Moreover, CAF diet decreased the complex I activity in the hypothalamus, complex II in the prefrontal cortex, complex II–III in the hypothalamus, and complex IV in the posterior cortex and striatum. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase was not altered by the CAF diet. However, unripe acerola juice reversed the inhibition of the citrate synthase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus. Ripe acerola juice reversed the inhibition of citrate synthase in the hypothalamus. The industrial acerola juice reversed the inhibition of complex I activity in the hypothalamus. The other changes were not reversed by any of the tested substances. In conclusion, we suggest that alterations in energy metabolism caused by obesity can be partially reversed by ripe, unripe, and industrial acerola juice.
Superparamagnetic magnetite/IPEC particles Brito, E.L.; Gomes, D.N.; Plá Cid, C.C. ...
Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects,
01/2019, Letnik:
560
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Display omitted
Hybrid magnetic composites are materials with great potential for use in biomedicine and effluent treatments, as their organic phase may be used in the adsorption/release of ...pollutants/drugs and their magnetic properties for separation/transport of particulate systems based on these materials. In this work we obtained magnetic composite particles made of magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in a polymeric matrix resultant from the formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes based on chitosan and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). Non-stoichiometric positive and negatively charged interpolyelectrolyte complexes were obtained and characterized via thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potentiometry, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The samples obtained in this work showed that nanometric magnetite was incorporated to these systems and that the resultant composites were superparamagnetic. Preliminary tests showed that the composites may be used both in the sorption of cationic and anionic drugs.
Abstract Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection that may affect the brain. We investigated the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase ...(IDO-1/2) inhibition on long-term memory and energetic metabolism after experimental sepsis by caecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Experimental sepsis increased the activity of complexes I, II-III and IV at 24 h
after CLP, and IDO-1/2 inhibition normalized the activity of these complexes in the hippocampus. Wistar rats presented impairment of habituation and aversive memories 10 days after CLP. Adjuvant treatment with the IDO inhibitor prevented long-term cognitive impairment triggered by sepsis.
Deficiency of hepatic enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase characterizes the innate error of autosomal recessive disease Tyrosinemia Type II. Patients may develop neurological and developmental ...difficulties due to high levels of the amino acid tyrosine in the body. Mechanisms underlying the neurological dysfunction in patients are poorly known. Importantly, Tyrosinemia patients have deficient Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). Here, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of the treatment with n-3 PUFA in the alterations caused by chronic administration of L-tyrosine on important parameters of energetic metabolism and oxidative stress in the hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex of developing rats. Chronic administration of L-tyrosine causes a decrease in the citrate synthase (CS) activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, as well as in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) activities, and an increase in the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity in the hippocampus. Moreover, in the striatum, L-tyrosine administration caused a decrease in the activities of CS, SDH, creatine kinase, and complexes I, II-III and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We also observed that the high levels of L-tyrosine are related to oxidative stress in the brain. Notably, supplementation of n-3 PUFA prevented the majority of the modifications caused by the chronic administration of L-tyrosine in the cerebral enzyme activities, as well as ameliorated the oxidative stress in the brain regions of rats. These results indicate a possible neuroprotective and antioxidant role for n-3 PUFA and may represent a new therapeutic approach and potential adjuvant therapy to Tyrosinemia Type II individuals.
Cholesterol is a lipid molecule of great biological importance to animal cells. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism leads to raised blood total cholesterol levels, a clinical condition called ...hypercholesterolemia. Evidence has shown that hypercholesterolemia is associated with the development of liver and heart disease. One of the mechanisms underlying heart and liver alterations induced by hypercholesterolemia is oxidative stress. In this regard, in several experimental studies, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) displayed antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that hypercholesterolemia causes redox system imbalance in the liver and cardiac tissues, and AuNP treatment could ameliorate it. Young adult male Swiss mice fed a regular rodent diet or a high cholesterol diet for eight weeks and concomitantly treated with AuNP (2.5 μg/kg) or vehicle by oral gavage. Hypercholesterolemia increased the nitrite concentration and glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased the liver's superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Also, hypercholesterolemia significantly enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH levels in cardiac tissue. Notably, AuNP promoted the redox system homeostasis, increasing the SOD activity in hepatic tissue and reducing ROS levels in cardiac tissue. Overall, our data showed that hypercholesterolemia triggered oxidative stress in mice's liver and heart, which was partially prevented by AuNP treatment.
PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers (usually referred as EPE) have been employed in different fields, with a remarkable emphasis in biomedical-related applications. They are amphiphilic macromolecules, ...in which PEO segments are soluble in the aqueous phase, while PPO blocks have hydrophobic character. In this work we carried out experiments with surface tensiometry of aqueous solutions of an EPE copolymer, well-known as Kolliphor P188, as a function of temperature and concentration. From the resultant data, thermodynamic relationships were related to adsorption at non-saturated liquid/air interface (low copolymer concentrations). Surface excess curves were calculated from Kohlrausch-William-Watts (KWW) functions fitted to experimental data and critical micellar concentration,
was determined. The relationship of
and temperature was similar to the observed for the adsorption of EPE copolymer at non-saturated liquid/air interface: there was a drastic change in enthalpy and entropy of adsorption/micellization at
which was correlated to the critical micellar temperature,
for this copolymer.
