Artikeln problematiserar våld som en form av motstånd mot jämställdhet och syftar till att bidra till teoriutveckling. Kärnan i analysen är det växande våldet mot kvinnor och feminister online, dess ...intensifiering och eskalerande brutalitet. Med utgångspunkt i feministisk våldsteori analyserar artikeln tre fall med feministiska krav på jämställdhet och det våldsamma motstånd som dessa möter online. Den argumenterar att, även om onlinevåld till synes är individuella händelser, utgör de ett kontinuum av våld mot kvinnor och flickor. Analysen visar att onlinevåld destabiliserar gränsdragningen och gränserna för såväl privat/offentligt som online/offline; dessa blir omöjliga att upprätta och upprätthålla. Artikeln drar emellertid slutsatsen att även om onlinesfären förvisso utgör ännu en plats för våld mot kvinnor, är det samtidigt en plattform från vilken förändringar i könsordningen är möjliga. Här måste, i linje med destabiliseringen av online/offline, förebyggandet av onlinevåld kopplas till förebyggandet av andra former av våld och betraktas som en del av den växande kontinuiteten i våld mot kvinnor. En feministisk förståelse av våld vidgar våldets uttryck bortom det fysiska, individuella och avsiktliga våldet och är särskilt lämpligt för att analysera onlinevåld.
Measuring violence against women raises methodological questions, as well as the wider question of how to understand violence and locate it in relation to a societal context. This is all the more ...relevant given that measurement of violence against women in the EU has made an interesting phenomenon apparent, the so-called 'Nordic Paradox', whereby prevalence is higher in more gender equal countries. This article examines this phenomenon by exploring a range of factors-methodological, demographic and societal-to contextualise disclosed levels of violence. The analysis makes use of a multilevel analytic approach to take into account how macro and micro levels contribute to the prevalence of violence. The intercepts are then used to illustrate how taking these into account might provide an alternative ranking of levels of violence against women in EU countries. The results show that the 'Nordic Paradox' disappears-and can be undone-when factors at individual and country levels are considered. We conclude that the 'Nordic Paradox' cannot be understood independently from a wider pattern of violence in society, and should be seen as connected and co-constituted in specific formations, domains or regimes of violence. Our results show that the use of multi-level models can provide new insights into the factors that may be related to disclosed prevalence of violence against women. This can generate a better understanding of how violence against women functions as a system, and in turn inform better policy responses.
The aim of the article is to examine if and how the welfare state regime typology translates into a violence regime typology in a European context. It builds on the concept of violence regimes (Strid ...et al. 2017; Hearn et al. 2020) to empirically examine whether the production of interpersonal violence constitutes distinct regimes, and how these correspond (or not) with welfare regimes, gender regimes, and with other comparative metrics on violence, gender equality and feminist mobilisation and transnational actors. Its main contribution is to operationalise the concept of violence regimes, thereby moving from theory to a first empirical measurement. By first constructing a new composite measure of violence, a Violence Regimes Index, based on secondary administrative and survey data covering the then 28 EU member states, countries are clustered along two axes of violence: ‘deadly’ violence and ‘damaging’ gender-based violence. This serves to examine if, and how, the production of gendered violence in different states constitutes distinct regimes, analogous to welfare state regimes, as well as to enable future research and further comparisons and contrasts, specifically related to violence and the welfare state. By providing an empirical measurement of violence regimes in the EU, the article then contributes further to the debates on welfare, welfare regimes, and violence. It specifically contributes with discussions on the extent to which there are different violence regimes, comparable to welfare regimes, and with discussions on the relevance of moving from thinking about violence as an institution within other inequality regimes, to thinking about violence as a macro-regime, a way of governing and ruling in its own right. The article concludes that the exclusion of violence from mainstream social theory and research has produced results that may not be valid, and offers an alternative classification using the concept of violence regimes, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the concept.
Summary
It is widely accepted that honor-based violence is a lived reality and a serious problem. However, honor-based violence is also a contested academic and political field, characterized by a ...polarized debate about whether or not the violence comprises stereotyping images of immigrants. This article asks how honor-based violence can be understood in light of this polarization, and what consequences it may have for clients and social workers. It is based on interview data with 235 adults with either professional (n = 199) or personal experiences (n = 36) of honor-based violence in Sweden. The data has been thematically coded and analyzed using the concepts of culturalization and intersectionality.
Findings
Honor-based violence is simultaneously a lived reality and teeming with stereotypes that are constructed by culturalizing images of nation, gender, age, religion, and sexuality. These stereotypes constitute forms of violence themselves and decrease clients’ trust in society and its institutions. Hence, the stereotypes become obstacles to social workers’ capacity to support those exposed to violence. At a general level, the stereotypes contribute to retaining the exposed in violence. In contrast, intersectional approaches to understanding honor-based violence have the potential to capture clients’ self-perceived and complex formulations of the causes of, and the character of, their situation, and thus increase the possibilities for adequate support.
Applications
The article's findings can support social workers’ understanding of the complexity of honor-based violence and strengthen their possibilities and capacities to develop antiracist and nonviolent communicative practices and, thus, acknowledge clients’ varying experiences and individual needs.
Artikeln handlar om mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer i Sverige. Syftet är att redogöra för kvinnors våldserfarenhet i nutid, och att relatera den till kvinnors utsatthet för tjugo år sedan. ...Artikeln använder ett feministiskt våldsperspektiv för att undersöka kvinnors utsatthet för mäns våld och dess kopplingar till kvinnors hälsa och välmående. Data baseras på en enkätundersökning (n=6 611) som fångar kvinnors samlade erfarenheter av fysiskt våld, sexuellt våld och hot om våld. Resultaten visar, för det första, att kvinnors och tjejers erfarenhet av våld i det formellt jämställda Sverige är omfattande: 55 % av kvinnorna i studien har utsatts för fysiskt våld, sexuellt våld eller hot om våld från en man. För det andra, visar resultaten att våldet inte verkar minska över tid. Tvärtom har under en tjugoårsperiod mäns våld mot kvinnor ökat, trots politiskt tal om och fokus på frågan under samma period. För det tredje, visar resultaten att unga tjejer är särskilt utsatta för mäns och killars våld, inte minst för sexuellt våld. För det fjärde, visar resultaten på ett samband mellan olika former av våld och ett sammanhållet mönster mellan våldsutsatthet och hälsa. Resultaten diskuteras i ljuset av den första svenska omfångsstudien av mäns våld mot kvinnor, Slagen dam (2001).
This paper presents and critically interrogates a comprehensive 7Ps framework for analysing and addressing gender-based violence. It takes the UN and the Council of Europe’s models as points of ...departure and develops the framework beyond the current state of the art, explains its different components, and offers reflections on its use in the practice of gender-based violence research. The UN 3P model, encompassing prevention, protection, and prosecution, later developed by the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention into a 4P model, comprising prevention, protection, prosecution, and integrated policies, has since been revisited, elaborated upon, and expanded in work focusing on gender-based violence in particular domains, such as female genital mutilation or gender-based violence in sport. To study gender-based violence in academia, the comprehensive 7Ps analytical framework has been deployed to interrogate the policies in place at national and institutional levels, including sexual harassment. Based on empirical data and conceptual analysis in the EU project UniSAFE: Gender-based violence and institutional responses: Building a knowledge base and operational tools to make universities and research organisations safe (2021–2024), the paper argues that the refined 7Ps model, comprising Prevalence, Prevention, Protection, Prosecution of offenders (and disciplinary measures), Provision of services, Partnerships between actors, and Policies specifically addressing the issue, allows for a more encompassing approach, in turn allowing a more fine-grained understanding of variations and explanations for success (or lack thereof) in terms of outcomes.
This article problematises gender-mainstreaming in Swedish policy responses to COVID-19 in relation to economic politics. The aim is to understand how gender mainstreaming was implemented, and with ...what effects. Little is still known about gender mainstreaming in crisis management and policymaking, and even less is known in relation to pandemic policy responses. To contribute to this field of knowledge, the article therefore analyses the Swedish National Recovery and Resilience Plan, supplemented by interviews with public servants, to understand the factors that impact the implementation of gender mainstreaming in policymaking in times of societal crises. At a theoretical level, the article draws on feminist institutionalism and implementation studies, the notion of resilience, and insights from critical frame analysis. The data is based on a larger dataset collected as part of the EU-funded RESISTIRÉ: Responding to Outbreaks through Co-creative Inclusive Equality Strategies project. The results indicate that gender mainstreaming is limited in its rationale and scope in times of crisis and that the integration of a gender equality perspective in crisis management needs to be developed in several important ways.
Abstract
With the emergence and global proliferation of “sugar dating” websites, the phenomenon of sugar dating is increasingly on the public agenda. Sugar dating is described by these sites as ...dating arrangements based on an exchange of intimacy and companionship for financial or other forms of support. Given that sex is often part of the arrangements, claims are widespread, yet disputed, that sugar dating is a form of prostitution. Based on interviews and a survey questionnaire, this article maps the practice of heterosexual sugar dating in Sweden as described by “sugar babies” and “sugar daddies” themselves. It shows a striking diversity in regard to what sugar dating means for participants, both in terms of what they do when sugar dating and in terms of how money and/or other material goods are involved in arrangements. A further key difference between sugar dating arrangements is whether “sugar babies” enter them for purely instrumental reasons or enjoy them in and of themselves. Although not all kinds of sugar dating include sex, we argue that sugar dating sites should be seen as key actors in the expansion of the sex (and intimacy) industry, drawing on and articulating pre-existing tendencies within it.
With the emergence and global proliferation of "sugar dating" websites, the phenomenon of sugar dating is gaining increased attention. Sugar dating is described by these websites as arrangements ...based on an exchange of financial or other forms of support for intimacy and companionship. The framing of sugar dating as something in between a business transaction and mutually enjoyable dating serves as the point of departure of this article, which draws on semi-structured interviews and a survey questionnaire with "sugar daddies" engaged in heterosexual sugar dating in Sweden. We examined how the tension between economic instrumentality and the ideal of mutual enjoyment is played out in "sugar daddies'" accounts of their sugar dating experiences. We demonstrate that the participants desire encounters with "sugar babies" to be based on both sexual and relational mutuality, i.e., they want the women to enjoy being with them beyond the economic rewards. We show that the men's use of economic incentives to gain access to "sugar babies" stands in a relationship of tension with their desire for interactions to be based on mutuality. However, through various mechanisms they still manage to reap the fruits of the experience of mutuality offered in sugar dating encounters.
EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book looks at what a Nordic perspective can teach us about sexual harassment. Bringing researchers, writers and policy makers into ...dialogue in an ambitious volume, the book moves beyond the juridical definitions of justice, coloniality, exploitation and work and offers knowledge that is immediately implementable into policy making.
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