On 17 August 2017, gravitational waves (GWs) were detected from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, along with a coincident short gamma-ray burst, GRB 170817A. An optical transient source, Swope ...Supernova Survey 17a (SSS17a),was subsequently identified as the counterpart of this event. We present ultraviolet, optical, and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days postmerger. We constrain the radioactively powered transient resulting from the ejection of neutron-rich material. The fast rise of the light curves, subsequent decay, and rapid color evolution are consistent with multiple ejecta components of differing lanthanide abundance. The late-time light curve indicates that SSS17a produced at least ~0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis in the universe.
Summary
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with chronic itch, allergic disease and sleep disturbance, all of which might increase the risk of attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder ...(ADD/ADHD). Previous analyses have found a consistent association between AD and ADD/ADHD, although the underlying factors contributing to such an association remain underexplored. Additionally, the relationship has been underexplored in adults.
Objectives
To determine if childhood and adult AD and AD severity are associated with ADD/ADHD and to delineate the factors contributing to such an association.
Methods
We analysed data on 354 416 children aged 2–17 years and 34 613 adults age 18+ years from 19 U.S. population‐based surveys, including the National Health Interview Survey 1997–2013 and the National Survey of Children's Health 2003/4 and 2007/8.
Results
In multivariate models adjusting for age, sex, sociodemographics, allergic disease and healthcare utilization, AD was associated with ADD/ADHD in both children adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1·14 (1·03–1·26) and adults 1·61 (1·25–2·06). Children with both severe AD and only 0–3 nights of adequate sleep per week had much higher odds of ADD/ADHD 16·83 (7·02–40·33) than those with 0–3 nights of adequate sleep per week 1·83 (1·47–2·26) or mild–moderate AD alone 1·56 (1·22–1·99). AD was most strongly associated with severe ADHD. AD unaccompanied by other allergic disease was also associated with increased risk of ADD/ADHD in children. Among children with AD, history of anaemia, headaches and obesity were associated with even higher odds of ADD/ADHD. Asthma, insomnia and headaches increased the odds of ADHD in adults with AD, although underweight body mass index was protective.
Conclusions
Atopic dermatitis is associated with increased odds of ADD/ADHD in adults and children. Several factors increase the risk of ADHD in adults and children with AD.
What's already known about this topic?
Childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); sleep disturbance and disease severity have been implicated as modifying factors.
What does this study add?
Severe AD and sleep disturbance independently and synergistically contribute to increased risk of ADHD.
AD unaccompanied by other allergic diseases is associated with increased risk of attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD.
Obesity, headaches and anaemia further increase the risk of ADD/ADHD in children with AD.
Adult AD is associated with increased risk of ADHD. Asthma, headaches and insomnia increase the risk of ADHD in adult patients with AD, and underweight body mass index is protective.
Linked Comment: Genuneit. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:863–864.
Plain language summary available online
There are few detailed data on cognition in patients undergoing dialysis. We evaluated the frequency of and risk factors for poor cognitive performance using detailed neurocognitive testing.
In this ...cross-sectional cohort study, 314 hemodialysis patients from 6 Boston-area hemodialysis units underwent detailed cognitive assessment. The neuropsychological battery assessed a broad range of functions, with established age-, sex-, and education-matched normative scores. Principal component analysis was used to derive composite scores for memory and executive function domains. Risk factors for each domain were evaluated using linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and education status. Analyses were repeated in those with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 24.
Compared with population norms, patients on dialysis had significantly poorer executive function but not memory performance, a finding that persisted in the subgroup with MMSE score ≥ 24. In adjusted analyses, vascular risk factors and vascular disease were associated with lower executive function (p < 0.01).
There is a high frequency of poor cognitive performance in hemodialysis patients, primarily affecting executive function. Risk factors for worse executive function include vascular risk factors as well as vascular disease. Normal performance on the MMSE does not preclude impaired cognitive function, because individuals with MMSE score ≥ 24 also have a high frequency of poor cognitive performance.
A Central Asia rock avalanche (rockslide) inventory that includes about 600 case studies with measured parameters is used to present a quantitative characterization of rock avalanche mobility and its ...dependence on the controlling parameters such as volume and height drop. The mobility can be characterized by runout and angle of reach, as well as by the affected area. The database was analyzed after dividing the rock avalanches into three confinement categories—frontally confined, laterally confined, and unconfined. In addition to the traditionally used slope failure volume and height drop, we correlated mobility parameters with their product that is proportional to the potential energy released during rock avalanche emplacement. It was found that coefficients of determination of the regressions of the affected area with volume and, especially, with its product with maximal height drop are higher than those of volume with runout and much higher than those of volume with angle of reach for all confinement conditions. Thus, these relationships provide an optimal characterization of the rock avalanche mobility. Relative influence of failure volume and height drop on rock avalanche mobility was also analyzed. The regression equations obtained in this study were successfully applied to several case studies from other mountain regions. The proposed regression equations can be used to predict the exposure of elements at risk threatened by anticipated rock avalanches. They can also be used to estimate the parameters of rockslide dams that might originate at the sites with anticipated large-scale rock slope failures, if their volumes and height drops can be assessed. The confinement conditions are statistically proved to influence the rock avalanche mobility and must be taken into consideration during hazard and risk assessment.
Objectives To determine if eczema, asthma, and hay fever are associated with vigorous physical activity, television/video game usage, and sports participation and if sleep disturbance modifies such ...associations. Study design Data were analyzed from 2 cross-sectional studies including 133 107 children age 6-17 years enrolled in the 2003-2004 and 2007-2008 National Survey of Children's Health. Bivariate and multivariate survey logistic regression models were created to calculate the odds of atopic disease and atopic disease severity on vigorous physical activity, television/video game use, and sports participation. Results In multivariate logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic factors, lifetime history of asthma was associated with decreased odds of ≥1 days of vigorous physical activity (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) and decreased odds of sports participation (0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99). Atopic disease accompanied by sleep disturbance had significantly higher odds of screen time and lower odds of sports participation compared with children with either atopic disease or sleep disturbance alone. Severe eczema (aOR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19-0.78), asthma (aOR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14-0.61), and hay fever (aOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.24-0.97) were all associated with decreased odds of ≥1 days of vigorous physical activity. Moderate (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.57-0.99) and severe eczema (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.73), severe asthma (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.89), and hay fever (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.61) were associated with decreased odds of sports participation in the past year. Conclusions Children with severe atopic disease, accompanied by sleep disturbance, have higher risk of sedentary behaviors.
Herbig-Haro Outflows in Circinus W Rector, T. A.; Prato, L.; Strom, A. L.
The Astronomical journal,
10/2020, Letnik:
160, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We report the discovery of new Herbig-Haro (HH) outflows in the Western Circinus molecular cloud. They were found using a color-composite imaging method that reveals faint H emission in complex ...environments. Follow-up observations in S ii confirmed their classification as HH objects. Nearly half of the newly discovered objects are part of the HH 76 outflow and are associated with a likely young stellar object (YSO) candidate. We also identify the source of a second outflow. Three newly discovered objects are part of a third outflow whose origin is unknown. Four more HH objects are also discovered, each of which has a location and morphology that does not suggest an origin. In total there must be at least five YSOs in the field currently producing outflows. The discovery of new HH objects and associated driving sources in this cloud complex provides more evidence for active star formation and a relatively young age in this seldom-studied region.
ABSTRACT We have acquired Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Very Large Telescope near-infrared spectra and images of supernova (SN) Refsdal after its discovery as an Einstein cross in fall 2014. The ...HST light curve of SN Refsdal has a shape consistent with the distinctive, slowly rising light curves of SN 1987A-like SNe, and we find strong evidence for a broad H P-Cygni profile and Na I D absorption in the HST grism spectrum at the redshift (z = 1.49) of the spiral host galaxy. SNe IIn, largely powered by circumstellar interaction, could provide a good match to the light curve of SN Refsdal, but the spectrum of a SN IIn would not show broad and strong H and Na I D absorption. From the grism spectrum, we measure an H expansion velocity consistent with those of SN 1987A-like SNe at a similar phase. The luminosity, evolution, and Gaussian profile of the H emission of the WFC3 and X-shooter spectra, separated by ∼2.5 months in the rest frame, provide additional evidence that supports the SN 1987A-like classification. In comparison with other examples of SN 1987A-like SNe, photometry of SN Refsdal favors bluer B − V and V − R colors and one of the largest luminosities for the assumed range of potential magnifications. The evolution of the light curve at late times will provide additional evidence about the potential existence of any substantial circumstellar material. Using MOSFIRE and X-shooter spectra, we estimate a subsolar host-galaxy metallicity (8.3 0.1 dex and <8.4 dex, respectively) near the explosion site.
Parahydrogen (
H
) quantum solids are excellent matrix isolation hosts for studying the rovibrational dynamics and nuclear spin conversion (NSC) kinetics of molecules containing indistinguishable ...nuclei with nonzero spin. The relatively slow NSC kinetics of propyne (CH
CCH) isolated in solid
H
is employed as a tool to assign the rovibrational spectrum of propyne in the 600-7000 cm
region. Detailed analyses of a variety of parallel (Δ
= 0) and perpendicular (Δ
=±1) bands of propyne indicate that the end-over-end rotation of propyne is quenched, but
rotation of the methyl group around the
symmetry axis still persists. However, this single-axis
rotation is significantly hindered for propyne trapped in solid
H
such that the energies of the
rotational states do not obey simple energy-level expressions. The NSC kinetics of propyne follows first-order reversible kinetics with a 287(7) min effective time constant at 1.7 K. Intensity-intensity correlation plots are used to determine the relative line strengths of individual
- and
-propyne rovibrational transitions, enabling an independent estimation of the ground vibrational state effective
″ constant of propyne.
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