Abstract
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating the glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant responses via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) ...signaling pathway in heat-stressed broiler chickens. A total of 400 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks was reared in an environmentally controlled room. At 21 d, broiler chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups and were fed one of 4 diets under 2 temperature conditions: 22°C + a basal diet (CON treatment); 34°C for 8 h (0900-1700) + a basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg curcumin (HS, CMN1, CMN2, and CMN3 treatments, respectively). The heat treatment lasted for 20 consecutive days. The results showed that heat stress significantly increased (P < 0.05) the weekly rectal temperature and average head and feet temperature. Compared to the HS treatment, feed conversion was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in CMN1 and CMN2 treatments. CMN1 administration significantly improved (P < 0.05) the pH24 of muscle. The abnormal changes of serum malonaldehyde and corticosterone concentrations were prevented (P < 0.05) by curcumin. Mitochondrial GSH concentration in the liver was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in CMN1 and CMN2 treatments compared with the HS treatment. The CMN1, CMN2, and CMN3 supplementations significantly increased (P < 0.05) γ-GCL, GSH-Px, and GST activities. Curcumin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and γ-GCLc in the liver as compared to the CON diet. The expression of Cu/ZnSOD and CAT were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding CMN2, respectively, as compared to the HS treatment. It was concluded that curcumin supplementation enhanced the resistance of broilers to heat stress, as evidenced by reversing the FC, increasing the GSH content and GSH-related enzyme activities, and inducing the expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzyme genes.
Linked content
This article is linked to Mettke et al and Mettke and Wedemeyer papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14427 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14582.
Wireless sensor networks: a survey Akyildiz, I.F.; Su, W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y. ...
Computer networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands : 1999),
03/2002, Letnik:
38, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics. ...First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of factors influencing the design of sensor networks is provided. Then, the communication architecture for sensor networks is outlined, and the algorithms and protocols developed for each layer in the literature are explored. Open research issues for the realization of sensor networks are also discussed.
We studied the enhancement effects of ultraviolet (UV) emission from rare earth ytterbium (Yb) doped ZnO films, by using capping layers of Al and SiO 2 micro-spheres. The films were deposited on Si ...substrates with magnetron sputtering followed by high temperature (∼1000°C) heat treatment, and then capped with a nanoscale ultrathin aluminum (Al) layer and/or SiO 2 micro-spheres on the surface of the films. The photoluminescence (PL) results indicate that compared to the case without any capping, the UV emission is enhanced by a factor ranging from several to dozens times, the films capped with 2.0 nm Al layer and 5.0 µm SiO 2 microspheres have the longest highest PL intensity among the samples. The PL enhancements are discussed in terms of increased optical (or electrical) fields around the surface of the films combined with defect passivation after the capping. Our work has proposed a strategy to enhance the UV emissions of ZnO, which will broaden the application potential of ZnO in UV photonics.
Summary
Background
Deregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling is common in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Aim
To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the oral ...mTOR inhibitor everolimus in advanced HCC patients.
Methods
Patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC (Child‐Pugh class A or B) were enrolled in an open‐label phase 1 study and randomly assigned to daily (2.5–10 mg) or weekly (20–70 mg) everolimus in a standard 3 + 3 dose‐escalation design. MTD was based on the rate of dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs). Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics and tumour response. In a post hoc analysis, serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were quantified.
Results
Thirty‐nine patients were enrolled. DLTs occurred in five of 21 patients in the daily and two of 19 patients in the weekly cohort. Daily and weekly MTDs were 7.5 mg and 70 mg respectively. Grade 3/4 adverse events with a ≥10% incidence were thrombocytopenia, hypophosphataemia and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation. In four hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐seropositive patients, grade 3/4 ALT elevations were accompanied by significant (>1 log) increases in serum HBV levels. The incidence of hepatitis flare (defined as ALT increase >100 IU/mL from baseline) in HBsAg‐seropositive patients with and without detectable serum HBV DNA before treatment was 46.2% and 7.1% respectively (P < 0.01, Fisher exact test). Disease control rates in the daily and weekly cohorts were 71.4% and 44.4% respectively.
Conclusions
The recommended everolimus dosing schedule for future hepatocellular carcinoma studies is 7.5 mg daily. Prophylactic anti‐viral therapy should be mandatory for HBsAg‐seropositive patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00390195).
PEP02, also known as MM-398, is a novel nanoliposomal irinotecan that has improved pharmacokinetics and tumour bio-distribution of the free drug. This phase 2 study evaluated PEP02 monotherapy as ...second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Patients who had metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, Karnofsky performance status ≥70, and had progressed following gemcitabine-based therapy were eligible. Intravenous injection of PEP02 120 mg m(-2) was given every 3 weeks. Simon 2-stage design was used. The primary objective was 3-month survival rate (OS(3-month)).
A total of 40 patients were enrolled. The most common severe adverse events included neutropenia, abdominal pain, asthenia, and diarrhoea. Three patients (7.5%) achieved an objective response, with an additional 17 (42.5%) demonstrating stable disease for a minimum of two cycles. Ten (31.3%) of 32 patients with an elevated baseline CA19-9 had a >50% biomarker decline. The study met its primary end point with an OS(3-month) of 75%, with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 2.4 and 5.2 months, respectively.
PEP02 demonstrates moderate antitumour activity with a manageable side effect profile for metastatic, gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer patients. Given the limited treatment options available to this patient population, a phase 3 trial of PEP02 (MM-398), referred to as NAPOLI-1, is currently underway.
Intrinsic disorder (ID) is highly abundant in eukaryotes, which reflect the greater need for disorder-associated signaling and transcriptional regulation in nucleated cells. Although several ...well-characterized examples of intrinsically disordered proteins in transcriptional regulation have been reported, no systematic analysis has been reported so far. To test for the general prevalence of intrinsic disorder in transcriptional regulation, we used the predictor of natural disorder regions (PONDR) to analyze the abundance of intrinsic disorder in three transcription factor datasets and two control sets. This analysis revealed that from 94.13 to 82.63% of transcription factors possess extended regions of intrinsic disorder, relative to 54.51 and 18.64% of the proteins in two control datasets, which indicates the significant prevalence of intrinsic disorder in transcription factors. This propensity of transcription factors to intrinsic disorder was confirmed by cumulative distribution function analysis and charge-hydropathy plots. The amino acid composition analysis showed that all three transcription factor datasets were substantially depleted in order-promoting residues and significantly enriched in disorder-promoting residues. Our analysis of the distribution of disorder within the transcription factor datasets revealed that (a) the AT-hooks and basic regions of transcription factor DNA-binding domains are highly disordered; (b) the degree of disorder in transcription factor activation regions is much higher than that in DNA-binding domains; (c) the degree of disorder is significantly higher in eukaryotic transcription factors than in prokaryotic transcription factors; and (d) the level of α-MoRF (molecular recognition feature) prediction is much higher in transcription factors. Overall, our data reflected the fact that eukaryotes with well-developed gene transcription machinery require transcription factor flexibility to be more efficient.
In this brief, the high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is grown by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and it is used as an ultrafine flip-chip interconnection material in the proposed 3-D ...integrated circuit (3DIC) system. We show a patterned growth of multiwalled CNTs on the substrate with prestructured bond pads including a complete metallization system for an electrical characterization. We succeeded in achieving reliable flip-chip connections between CNT-covered contact pads and metal pads during the room temperature bonding process. The goal is a reversible electrical and mechanical chip assembly with CNT bumps. Based on the current-voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{I} </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{V} </tex-math></inline-formula>) measurements, the resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\rho </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the grown CNTs is found to be close to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim 10^{-{6}}\,\,{\sf \Omega }\text{m} </tex-math></inline-formula>. With the proposed 3DIC process flow, the vertically electrical connection between two different Si substrates is demonstrated successfully. The connection resistance in the full 3-D system is very promising (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim 2.43~{\sf \Omega } </tex-math></inline-formula>), compared with other's work (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim 12~{\sf \Omega } </tex-math></inline-formula>). The different bonding materials (In versus Sn) and bonding times are also investigated systemically and further optimized. This brief provides a useful solution for the future electrical connection in the high-performance and high-dense 3-D integrated devices.
A Li-ion capacitor (LIC), typically composed of a pre-lithiated negative electrode and an activated-carbon positive electrode, can provide high energy and power density. In this work, we compare the ...electrochemical performances of pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets and conventional graphite as negative electrode materials for LICs. The LICs employing pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets show a specific capacitance of 168.5 F g−1 with 74% capacitance retention at 400 mA g−1 after 300 cycles. Moreover, the capacitors deliver a maximum power density of 222.2 W kg−1 at an energy density of 61.7 Wh kg−1, operated in the voltage range of 2.0–4.0 V. Therefore, pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets are promising negative electrode materials for high power LICs.
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•Pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets are explored for Li-ion capacitors.•The Li-ion capacitors exhibit high energy and power density at high voltages.•Pre-lithiated graphene nanosheets are promising for high power Li-ion capacitors.
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