To demonstrate that roll-to-roll (R2R) gravure printing is a suitable advanced manufacturing method for flexible thin film transistor (TFT)-based electronic circuits, three different ...nanomaterial-based inks (silver nanoparticles, BaTiO3 nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)) were selected and optimized to enable the realization of fully printed SWNT-based TFTs (SWNT-TFTs) on 150-m-long rolls of 0.25-m-wide poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). SWNT-TFTs with 5 different channel lengths, namely, 30, 80, 130, 180, and 230 μm, were fabricated using a printing speed of 8 m/min. These SWNT-TFTs were characterized, and the obtained electrical parameters were related to major mechanical factors such as web tension, registration accuracy, impression roll pressure and printing speed to determine whether these mechanical factors were the sources of the observed device-to-device variations. By utilizing the electrical parameters from the SWNT-TFTs, a Monte Carlo simulation for a 1-bit adder circuit, as a reference, was conducted to demonstrate that functional circuits with reasonable complexity can indeed be manufactured using R2R gravure printing. The simulation results suggest that circuits with complexity, similar to the full adder circuit, can be printed with a 76% circuit yield if threshold voltage (Vth) variations of less than 30% can be maintained.
Printed electronics employing solution-processed materials is considered to be the key to realizing low-cost large-area electronic systems, but the performance of printed transistors is generally ...inadequate for most of the intended applications due to limited performance of printable semiconductor materials. We propose an alternative approach for a printed switch, where the use of semiconductors can be avoided by building mechanical switches with printed metal nanoparticle-based inks. In this work, we detail the first demonstration of inkjet-printed microelectromechanical (MEM) switches with abrupt switching characteristics, very low on-state resistance (∼10 Ω), and very low off-state leakage. The devices are fabricated using a novel process scheme to build three-dimensional cantilever structures from solution-processed metallic nanoparticles and sacrificial polymer layers. These printed MEM switches thus represent a uniquely attractive path for realizing printed electronics.
Semiconducting metal oxides (ZnO, SnO2, In2O3, and combinations thereof) are a uniquely interesting family of materials because of their high carrier mobilities in the amorphous and generally ...disordered states, and solution-processed routes to these materials are of particular interest to the printed electronics community. Colloidal nanocrystal routes to these materials are particularly interesting, because nanocrystals may be formulated with tunable surface properties into stable inks, and printed to form devices in an additive manner. We report our investigation of an In2O3 nanocrystal synthesis for high-performance solution-deposited semiconductor layers for thin-film transistors (TFTs). We studied the effects of various synthesis parameters on the nanocrystals themselves, and how those changes ultimately impacted the performance of TFTs. Using a sintered film of solution-deposited In2O3 nanocrystals as the TFT channel material, we fabricated devices that exhibit field effect mobility of 10 cm2/(V s) and an on/off current ratio greater than 1 × 106. These results outperform previous air-stable nanocrystal TFTs, and demonstrate the suitability of colloidal nanocrystal inks for high-performance printed electronics.
Introduction: Dermatophytosis is an uncommon fungal infection of hair and skin in the claw. The infection is caused by the invasion of the hair shaft and stratum corneum by Keratophilic fungi. Fungal ...skin problems in pet animals commonly occur in hot and humid climatic regions. Cats suffer from superficial dermatophytosis despite their licking and self-cleansing behavior.
Case report: A two-month-old female desi-short hair domestic kitten weighing 1.2 kg body weight was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, Kurumbapet, India, with a history of crusty patchy alopecic lesions on the rump and paw of the right forelimb for the past week in July 2022. The owner also reported generalized hair loss and scratching. Clinical examination revealed patchy circular dry lesions on the rump and the paw of the right forelimb. No abnormality was detected in the general appearance of the kitten. Behavioral habit was active, appetite and voiding habits were normal, popliteal lymph nodes were palpable, heart rate was 170 beats/minute, respiratory rate was 22 breaths/minute, rectal temperature was 101.8℉, and the conjunctival mucous membrane was pink. The pinna-pedal reflex was negative. Direct microscopy of the skin scraping sample revealed highly positive endothrix spores in the hair shaft. The smear prepared from the culture of the scrapings was stained with Lactophenol Cotton Blue, which confirmed the growth of ligamentous hyphae and mycelium of the dermatophyte, Microsporum spp. Hence, the case was diagnosed with superficial dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum spp. The kitten was successfully treated with itraconazole syrup (Felintra, Savavet, India) administered at the dosage of 5 mg/kg oral for 2 alternative weeks (every 24 hours for 7 days). Moreover, Cetirizine tablet as a non-sedating medicine and antihistamine which acts selectively on H1-receptor was given orally at the dosage of 2.5 mg/cat for the next 5 days, and liver supportive (Liv.52 syrup which contains herbal extracts) was administered orally at the dosage of 0.5 ml daily to overcome the hepatotoxic effect of anti-fungal drugs. Complete recovery was noticed by the third week of treatment which was the second week of the itraconazole syrup (Felintra, Savavet, India) treatment.
Conclusion: Dermatophytosis in a kitten was diagnosed early and treated promptly with a proper treatment schedule with itraconazole without any untoward effects on the kitten.
A novel photopolymerized poly(acrylic acid) separator is demonstrated in a printed, high‐energy‐density silver oxide battery. The printed battery demonstrates a high capacity of 5.4 mA h cm−2 at a ...discharge current density of 2.75 mA cm−2 (C/2 rate) while delivering good mechanical flexibility and robustness.
Wall-slip is a general phenomenon in the rheological behavior of foams and has to be considered explicitly in the description of foam flow through pipes and orifices, upon spreading on surfaces, and ...in the rheological measurements. On the other hand, the wall-slip, occurring between a plug of foam and smooth wall, is an appropriate phenomenon for experimental and theoretical study of the viscous friction in liquid films, because the corresponding viscous stress, which is amenable to experimental measurement, does not interfere with the foam elastic stress. The current paper presents a theoretical model and experimental results about the viscous friction between foam and smooth wall. First, the lubrication model is used to calculate the friction force between a single bubble and the wall, in the case of bubbles with tangentially immobile surfaces. Next, the functions introduced by Princen and Kiss H.M. Princen, A.D. Kiss, Langmuir 3 (1987) 36 to relate the micro-structure of the foam (bubble and film radii, bubble capillary pressure) with the foam macroscopic properties (air volume fraction and foam osmotic pressure) are used to estimate the average, experimentally accessible wall stress,
τ
W, from the friction force of individual bubbles. The model predicts
τ
W
∝
(Ca
*)
1/2 where Ca
*
=
(
μV
0/
σ) is the capillary number, defined with respect to the relative velocity of the foam and wall,
V
0 (
μ is the liquid viscosity and
σ the surface tension). This prediction differs from the classical result,
τ
W
∝
(Ca
*)
2/3, derived by Bretherton F.P. Bretherton, J. Fluid Mech. 10 (1961) 166. The analysis shows that the two theoretical models correspond to two limiting cases, governed mainly by the surface mobility of the bubbles. These limiting cases are verified experimentally by measuring the viscous stress in the foam/wall region with properly chosen surfactant solutions, which ensure tangentially mobile or immobile surface of the bubbles. Furthermore, it is shown experimentally that the effect of bubble surface mobility affects strongly the viscous friction inside sheared foams. The viscous stress in continuously sheared foam is described very well with a power law,
τ
V
∝
Ca
n
, where Ca is the capillary number defined here with respect to the shear rate inside the foam. The power index
n was determined experimentally to be equal to 0.25
±
0.02 for tangentially immobile and to 0.42
±
0.02 for tangentially mobile bubble surfaces, respectively, at air volume fraction of 90%.
Vacuum-sealed fully integrated diode and triode field emission arrays based on Ti Spindt-type field emitters have been developed in a scalable, CMOS-compatible process directly on Si. Diode ...characterization in air demonstrates effective vacuum sealing and field emission conduction, with current drivability that scales with array size. Triode characterization in vacuum demonstrates gate-modulated field emission of the output current and highlights new effects observed in a fully integrated geometry with closely spaced electrodes. Demonstrating up to 200-V blocking voltage and similar magnitude punchthrough voltages, the arrays can be utilized as high-voltage devices in CMOS applications or with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies using post-CMOS MEMS integration techniques. Low-temperature measurements reveal areas of improvement for electrode isolation; combined with the use of improved cathode materials, these devices have the potential to be used in high-power applications.
Solution-processed transparent zinc oxide (ZnO) transistors are demonstrated using a chemical bath deposition process for ZnO deposition. The process is glass compatible and amenable to producing ...fully transparent electronics. Mobility as high as 3.5 cm 2 /V ldr s with on-off ratios of ~10 5 is realized. The transparency of ZnO allows for complete coverage of the pixel by the pixel drive transistors; analysis shows that the performance achieved herein is sufficient even to drive high-brightness organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays by exploiting the high mobility and optical transparency of these devices. This makes this technology extremely attractive for use in active-matrix OLED display applications.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is treated as a special concrete in modern applications due to its passing ability, filling ability and resistance against segregation. SCC has a significant role to ...play in the areas of mass concreting, like pier construction, foundation,... etc. In addition, it is also preferred for light-weight concrete structures; namely, precast members. In the present paper, a sincere attempt was made to study the effect of metakaolin (MK) on high-strength SCC. For this purpose, SCC with a characteristic compressive strength of 60 MPa was used with four different percentages of MK to replace cement, ranging from 5% to 20% with an increment of 5%. Fresh properties, such as slump flow, passing ability and filling ability, as well as mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strengths, were studied. Compressive strength was found to be higher for SCC with 20% MK. Split tensile strength was higher for MK with 10% replacement of cement. The correlation equation and root mean square value (R2) were obtained for the relationship between cube compressive strength and cylinder axial compressive strength to determine the best fit, respectively.
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