The ADMX collaboration gathered data for its Run 1A axion dark matter search from January to June 2017, scanning with an axion haloscope over the frequency range 645-680 MHz (2.66-2.81 μeV in axion ...mass) at DFSZ sensitivity. The resulting axion search found no axion-like signals comprising all the dark matter in the form of a virialized galactic halo over the entire frequency range, implying lower bound exclusion limits at or below DFSZ coupling at the 90% confidence level. This paper presents expanded details of the axion search analysis of Run 1A, including review of relevant experimental systems, data-taking operations, preparation and interpretation of raw data, axion search methodology, candidate handling, and final axion limits.
Vismodegib (Erivedge, Genentech) is a first-in-class inhibitor of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which is licensed for use in locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and metastatic BCC. The National ...Institute for Health and Care Excellence withdrew recommendation for use of vismodegib secondary to a lack of data comparing vismodegib to standard supportive care. The purpose of this multicentre, international case series is to report outcomes of patients with locally advanced periocular BCC who have been treated with vismodegib.
The medical records of all patients treated with vismodegib were retrospectively reviewed across seven institutions in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand.
Thirteen patients were identified. Seven (54%) patients were male. All BCCs were ill-defined, with seven (58%) having orbital involvement at presentation. Median treatment time was 7 months (range 2-36 months). Eleven out of 13 patients developed side effects, the most common being fatigue in six patients (46%). Median follow-up was 24 months (range 12-48 months). Complete response was found in 5/13 patients (38%) and a partial response in 8/13 patients (62%). Six patients had further surgery after vismodegib, with three classed as globe-sparing operations. Three patients developed recurrence (23%). Three patients (23%) ultimately underwent exenteration.
This study demonstrates vismodegib to be a well-tolerated treatment which may, in some cases, facilitate globe-sparing surgery and hence avoid disfiguring operations such as exenteration. Uncertainty does remain regarding the long-term outcomes of patients treated with vismodegib.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have strongly implicated MIR137 (the gene encoding the microRNA miR-137) in schizophrenia. A parsimonious hypothesis is that a pathway regulated by miR-137 is ...important in the etiology of schizophrenia. Full evaluation of this hypothesis requires more definitive knowledge about biological targets of miR-137, which is currently lacking. Our goals were to expand knowledge of the biology of miR-137 by identifying its empirical targets, and to test whether the resulting lists of direct and indirect targets were enriched for genes and pathways involved in risk for schizophrenia. We overexpressed miR-137 in a human neural stem cell line and analyzed gene expression changes at 24 and 48 h using RNA sequencing. Following miR-137 overexpression, 202 and 428 genes were differentially expressed after 24 and 48 h. Genes differentially expressed at 24 h were enriched for transcription factors and cell cycle genes, and differential expression at 48 h affected a wider variety of pathways. Pathways implicated in schizophrenia were upregulated in the 48 h findings (major histocompatibility complex, synapses, FMRP interacting RNAs and calcium channels). Critically, differentially expressed genes at 48 h were enriched for smaller association P-values in the largest published schizophrenia GWAS. This work provides empirical support for a role of miR-137 in the etiology of schizophrenia.
Pulsed NMR techniques have been used to study the dynamics of
3
He
confined to the interior of the hexagonal nanochannels of MCM-41 for which the walls were coated with a monolayer of
4
He
as ...determined by isotherm measurements. The
3
He
was added afterward to form a 1D
3
He
line density of about 0.1
A
-
1
, corresponding to a Fermi temperature of
T
F
∼
120 mK. A distinct and appreciable departure from the Curie law was observed for the nuclear spin magnetization below 0.5 K. The temperature dependence of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation times,
T
1
, for temperatures
0.05
<
T
<
2.5
K, followed the expected linear behavior at low temperatures, and a peak was observed at
T
∼
2
T
F
consistent with the Luttinger liquid theory as predicted by Polini et al. (Phys Rev Lett 98:266403, 2007). The observed temperature dependence of the nuclear spin–spin relaxation times,
T
2
, differed considerably from that observed for
T
1
, with a minimum at
T
=
0.8
K, similar to the tendency reported by Matsushita and colleagues.
MCM-41 is a unique mesoporous material with cylindrical-like pores that provide an ideal platform to study 1D properties of adsorbed atoms (Boninsegni and Moroni in J Low Temp Phys 118(1):1, 2000). ...In this research, we use pulsed NMR to measure the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of 3He adsorbed onto 4He-preplated MCM-41 over a wide range of temperatures for a line density that would lead to a Fermi temperature of 200 mK. The temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time for 0.025<T<3.5 K exhibited a pronounced peak at 195 mK, qualitatively similar to that calculated for the spin relaxation of 1D Fermi systems.
In this work, we demonstrate field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the organic compound NiCl2-4SC(NH2)_{2} using ac susceptibility measurements down to 1 mK. The Ni S=1 spins exhibit 3D ...XY antiferromagnetism between a lower critical field H_{c1} approximately 2 T and a upper critical field H_{c2} approximately 12 T. The results show a power-law temperature dependence of the phase transition line H_{c1}(T)-H_{c1}(0)=aT;{alpha} with alpha=1.47+/-0.10 and H_{c1}(0)=2.053 T, consistent with the 3D BEC universality class. Near H_{c2}, a kink was found in the phase boundary at approximately 150 mK.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are efficacious in the treatment of a variety of fear or anxiety disorders. Although they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin within hours of ...administration, therapeutic improvement only occurs after several weeks. In this study, we used fear conditioning to begin to understand how acute and chronic SSRI treatment might differentially affect well-characterized fear circuits.
We evaluated the effects of acute and chronic treatment with the SSRI citalopram on the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning. To further understand the role of serotonin in modulating fear circuits, we compared these effects with those of acute and chronic administration of the antidepressant tianeptine, a purported serotonin reuptake enhancer.
We found that acute administration of the SSRI citalopram enhanced acquisition, whereas chronic treatment reduced the acquisition of auditory fear conditioning. In comparison, treatment with tianeptine had no effect acutely but also reduced the acquisition of tone conditioning when administered chronically.
Our findings with citalopram are consistent with the clinical effects of SSRI treatment seen in patients with anxiety disorders, in which anxiety is often increased during early stages of treatment and decreased after several weeks of treatment. The findings also indicate that auditory fear conditioning can be a useful tool in understanding differences in the effects of short-term and long-term antidepressant treatment with serotonergic medications.
By means of ac magnetic-susceptibility measurements, we find evidence for a new magnetic phase of Tb2Ti2O7 below about 140 mK in zero magnetic field. In magnetic fields parallel to 111, this phase is ...characterized by frequency- and amplitude-dependent susceptibility and extremely slow spin dynamics. In the zero-temperature limit, it extends to about 67 mT (the internal field H(int)≃52 mT), at which it makes transition to another phase. The field dependence of the susceptibility of this second phase, which extends to about 0.60 T (H(int)≃0.54 T) in the zero-temperature limit, indicates the presence of a weak magnetization plateau below about 50 mK, as has been predicted by a single-tetrahedron four-spin model, suggesting that the second phase is a quantum kagome ice.
We report measurements of the nuclear spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times for 3He adsorbed on MCM-41 for temperatures 0.08 < T < 1.2 K. Deviations from Curie behavior are observed at low ...temperatures. The relaxation times exhibit a two-component behavior representing the differing dynamics of the mobile quasi-free molecules in the center of the tubes compared to the adsorbed layer on the walls. The amplitudes of the two components provide an accurate measure of the number of fluid-like molecules traveling in the center of the nanotubes.
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