This paper focuses on the differences and similarities between the images of women in Chinese and Japanese advertisements, analyzes the psychosocial reasons behind the images, and proposes ...suggestions and outlooks through content analysis and qualitative case studies, using the influential video advertisements of clothing, home appliance, medical beauty care, and vehicles in both countries in the past ten years as research samples. The study found that women in advertisements in both countries are objectified in appearance and rigidified in professional image. The phenomenon of reducing aesthetic bias in Japanese ads came earlier than that in China. However, professional women in China get more respect than those in Japan. With the rapid development of China’s economic society and the increasing status of female subjects, feminist advertisements have grown and tended to be polarized at the same time. Women’s independent personalities should be respected in advertisements. The media should guide the public to get rid of stereotypical perceptions of women, shape a pluralistic image of women, and build a harmonious society.
Niobium pentoxides (Nb2O5) as anode materials has attracted tremendous research interest due to its great potential in rate capability and cyclic durability. Nevertheless, the low electrical ...conductivity and weak structural controllability of Nb2O5 hinders its practical application. Herein, amorphous Nb2O5 thin films are conformally deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by controlled atomic layer deposition (ALD) and three types of crystalline Nb2O5@CNTs composites are obtained by post-deposition annealing. Moreover, the effects of deposition temperature and annealing temperature on the crystal structure and surface morphology of Nb2O5@CNTs are investigated. Based on these, the electrochemical performances of Nb2O5@CNTs composites as anode materials are compared in lithium half cells. Impressively, ultrathin and uniform Nb2O5 nanocrystal film with hexagonal (TT) phase on CNTs delivers a capacity of 325.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Even at a high current density of 3 A g−1, a stable capacity of 170 mAh g−1 is still achieved over 4000 cycles. Its high-rate and long-life lithium ion storage is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes, TT-phase Nb2O5, and ultrathin film structure. Therefore, this synthetic strategy facilitates the development of Nb2O5 as anode materials for high-rate and long-life lithium/sodium ion batteries.
TiO
2
films were grown on silicon substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium and ozone. Amorphous TiO
2
film was deposited at a low substrate temperature of ...165°C, and anatase TiO
2
film was grown at 250°C. The amorphous TiO
2
film crystallizes to anatase TiO
2
phase with annealing temperature ranged from 300°C to 1,100°C in N
2
atmosphere, while the anatase TiO
2
film transforms into rutile phase at a temperature of 1,000°C. Photoluminescence from anatase TiO
2
films contains a red band at 600 nm and a green band at around 515 nm. The red band exhibits a strong correlation with defects of the under-coordinated Ti
3+
ions, and the green band shows a close relationship with the oxygen vacancies on (101) oriented anatase crystal surface. A blue shift of the photoluminescence spectra reveals that the defects of under-coordinated Ti
3+
ions transform to surface oxygen vacancies in the anatase TiO
2
film annealing at temperature from 800°C to 900°C in N
2
atmosphere.
s
High-
k
metal oxide films are vital for the future development of microelectronics technology. In this work, ZrO
2
films were grown on silicon by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using ...tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium and ozone as precursors. The relatively constant deposition rate of 0.125 nm/cycle is obtained within the ALD temperature window of 200–250 °C. The film thickness can be precisely controlled by regulating the number of ALD cycle. The ZrO
2
films formed at 200–250 °C have an O/Zr atomic ratio of 1.85–1.9 and a low content of carbon impurity. ZrO
2
film begins to crystallize in ALD process above 210 °C, and the crystal structure is changed from cubic and orthorhombic phases to monoclinic and orthorhombic phases with increasing the deposition temperature to 350 °C. Moreover, the effect of annealing temperature on dielectric properties of ZrO
2
film was studied utilizing ZrO
2
-based MIS device. The growth of the interface layer between ZrO
2
and Si substrate leads to the decrease in the capacitance and the leakage current of dielectric layer in the MIS device after 1000 °C annealing. ZrO
2
film exhibits the relatively high dielectric constant of 32.57 at 100 kHz and the low leakage current density of 3.3 × 10
−6
A cm
−2
at 1 MV/cm.
ZnO/Al
2
O
3
multilayers were prepared by alternating atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 150°C using diethylzinc, trimethylaluminum, and water. The growth process, crystallinity, and electrical and ...optical properties of the multilayers were studied with a variety of the cycle ratios of ZnO and Al
2
O
3
sublayers. Transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO films were prepared with the minimum resistivity of 2.4 × 10
−3
Ω·cm at a low Al doping concentration of 2.26%. Photoluminescence spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the thickness of ZnO sublayers plays an important role on the priority for selective crystallization of ZnAl
2
O
4
and ZnO phases during high-temperature annealing ZnO/Al
2
O
3
multilayers. It was found that pure ZnAl
2
O
4
film was synthesized by annealing the specific composite film containing alternative monocycle of ZnO and Al
2
O
3
sublayers, which could only be deposited precisely by utilizing ALD technology.
Astragali Radix (AR) is a common Chinese medicine and food. This article aims to reveal the active role of AR in treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its renal protective mechanism. The ...hypoglycemic active fraction was screened by α-glucosidase and identified by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry. The targets and KEGG pathway were determined through the application of network pharmacology methodology. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation technology were used for virtual verification. Subsequently, a mouse model of T2DM was established, and the blood glucose and renal function indexes of the mice after administration were analyzed to further prove the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism of AR in the treatment of T2DM. HA was determined as the best hypoglycemic active fraction by the α-glucosidase method, with a total of 23 compounds identified. The main active components, such as calycoside-7-
-β-D-glucoside, methylnisoline, and formononetin, were revealed by network pharmacology. In addition, the core targets and the pathway have also been determined. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques have verified that components and targets can be well combined. In vivo studies have shown that AR can reduce blood sugar levels in model mice, enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of kidney tissue, and alleviate kidney damage in mice. And it also has regulatory effects on proteins such as RAGE, PI3K, and AKT. AR has a good therapeutic effect on T2DM and can repair disease-induced renal injury by regulating the RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides ideas for the development of new drugs or dietary interventions for the treatment of T2DM.
Acellular matrix is a commonly used biomaterial in the field of biomedical engineering and revascularization is the key process to affect the effect of acellular matrix on tissue regeneration. The ...application of bioactive factors related to angiogenesis has been popular in the regulation of revascularization, but the immune system clearance, uncontrollable systemic reactions, and other factors make this method face challenges. Recent reports showed that engineered cells into nanovesicles can reorganize cell membranes and encapsulate cellular active factors, extending the in vitro preservation of cytokines. However, the problems of exogenous biological contamination and tumorigenicity restricted the clinical transformation and wide application of this method. Here, we for the first time engineer stromal vascular fraction (SVF) which is extracted from fat into nanovesicles (SVF-EVs) for angiogenesis in the acellular matrix. SVF-EVs not only promote the migration of vascular endothelial cells in vitro, but also facilitate the lipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, SVF-EVs enhanced the retention of decellularized adipose tissue after transplanting to the subcutaneous area of nude mice. Immunofluorescence staining further showed that SVF-EVs promoted the formation of vascular networks with large lumen diameter in the grafted acellular matrix, accompanied by adipocyte regeneration peripherally. These findings reveal that SVF-EVs can be a viable method for accelerating revascularization in acellular matrix, and this process of squeezing tissue into nanovesicles shows the potential for rapid clinical transformation.
Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a serious inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The inflammatory processes ...initiated by recognition of bacterial components contribute to apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has long been recommended for the treatment of CNS diseases due to its powerful neuro-survival properties, as well as its recently reported anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in vitro and in vivo.
In this study, we investigated the effects of BDNF-related signaling on the inflammatory response and hippocampal apoptosis in experimental models of pneumococcal meningitis. Pretreatment with exogenous BDNF or the tropomyosin-receptor kinase B (TrkB) inhibitor k252a was performed to assess the activation or inhibition of the BDNF/TrkB-signaling axis prior to intracisternal infection with live S. pneumoniae. At 24 h post-infection, rats were assessed for clinical severity and sacrificed to harvest the brains. Paraffin-embedded brain sections underwent hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate pathological severity, and cytokine and chemokine levels in the hippocampus and cortex were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, apoptotic neurons were detected in the hippocampal dentate gyrus by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-nick-end labeling, key molecules associated with the related signaling pathway were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, and the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
Rats administered BDNF exhibited reduced clinical impairment, pathological severity, and hippocampal apoptosis. Furthermore, BDNF pretreatment suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Moreover, BDNF pretreatment increased TrkB expression, activated downstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, and inhibited the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)/NF-κB-signaling pathway.
These data suggested that BDNF administration exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on an experimental pneumococcal meningitis model via modulation of MyD88/NF-κB- and PI3K/AKT-signaling pathways. Our results indicated that treatment with exogenous BDNF might constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
Large observational studies have yielded conflicting results regarding whether the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) increases the risk of bone diseases. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to ...examine the link between PPI and risk of bone fractures, osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) loss.
We systematically performed a search for published reports on PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. We considered articles published in English, and restricted the search to studies on human participants. Studies that reported adjusted Hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of interest were included. Data from the articles which can be used to estimate standardized mean difference (SMD) were also obtained and utilized to assess the risk of BMD loss.
Compared with patients not taking PPI, those taking PPI, had the increased risk of developing any-site fractures (HR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.16 to 1.45), hip fracture (HR:1.22; 95%CI:1.15 to 1.31), spine fracture (HR:1.49; 95%CI:1.31 to 1.68), and osteoporosis (HR:1.23; 95%CI:1.06 to 1.42) based on a random model, but there was no correlation with developing BMD loss in the femoral (SMD: −0.27; 95%CI: −0.62 to 0.09), or in the spine (SMD: −0.06; 95%CI: −0.54 to 0.41).
Results of this meta-analysis suggest that PPI may moderately increase the risk of any-site, hip, spine fracture. Due to the widespread use of PPI and the impact of fractures on human health, clinicians should carefully evaluate the patient condition before prescribing PPI therapy.
This study aimed to explore significant differences in chemical composition among maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) types with different colors in Yunnan province, China. 1H-NMR spectroscopy, in ...combination with principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis, was used to investigate the compounds responsible for compositional differences. Different maca color types in Yunnan were clearly distinguished by 11 differential metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology results showed that 30 active components were related to Alzheimer’s disease. Nine intersecting compounds among the 11 differential metabolites and 30 active components, namely, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, β-hydroxybutyrate, tryptophan, pyroglutamate, proline, glutamine, and fructose, were used as bioactive markers to identify different maca color types. The results showed the bioactive markers among different maca color types holistically, providing a scientific basis for assessing the quality of commercial products derived from different maca color types.
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