This paper investigates the optimal decision of components ordering for a dealer who assembles and sells the two kinds of substitutable and perishable products. In the case of uncertain product ...demand, when the dealer encounter old product out of stock, they can use the hybrid product or the new product to meet the demand of the old product users. A discrete stochastic optimization model, which takes maximizing its expectation of net income as its objective and use satisfaction rate of the customer demands as the stochastic constraints and in which the substitutable strategy, is taken into account, is proposed for the ordering sizes of the two kinds of substitutable and perishable products. Then this paper analyzes the properties of the model with and without the stochastic constraint, proves the existence of the optimal solution by applying the method of marginal analysis and gives the algorithm of finding the optimal solution. Finally, this paper employs some simulated data cases to verify the validity of the algorithm and the method proposed in this paper and puts forward some management insights for the dealer.
The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology can be used to detect the elements in the alloy steel in real time. Quantitative analysis method of the traditional LIBS technology mainly ...has the calibration method and calibration free method, but there are two shortcomings: low prediction accuracy and over fitting. Random Forest Regression (RFR) algorithm can be used for classification and regression, can effectively avoid "overfitting" phenomenon. Therefore, in this paper, we combine the random forest regression algorithm with laser induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to the detection of the concentration of alloy steel elements in the metallurgy industry. At the same time, compared with partial least squares method based on the LIBS, the results show that the random forest algorithm combined with the LIBS technology has the higher prediction accuracy, lower root mean square error and better robustness.
As the international container multi-modal transport has become the important bridge of international trade, routing optimization and carrier selection has been already attracted extensive attention. ...Besides economy and timeliness, the transport reliability under uncertainty environment is considered and a cooperative optimization model for container multi-modal transport based on multi-agent is also proposed. To deal with the coordination between the agents, the negotiation mechanism based on multi-attribute auction is further designed. With the bidding and the winning strategy of the carriers and the multi-modal transport operator proposed respectively, a mechanism based on three-dimensional network and non-linear compensation function for updating the scheduling plan is designed. And the simulation experiments which use the instances from China to Australia verify the feasibility of the model and the method proposed.
Based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) technique, the content of the main elements in the liquid steel of steel alloy can be detected in real time during melting process. In order to ...improve the detecting accuracy, the quantitative analysis method of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the melting alloy steels has been investigated. In this paper, the clustering method combined with the partial least squares method is applied in the metallurgical industry to determine the element concentration of the steels. The experimental results show that the relative standard error is less than 1.316% and the average absolute error is 0.869%. The accuracy of the method is better than that of traditional partial least squares method, and the relative standard error of measurement is obviously reduced.
At present, the reputation evaluation problem caused by resource constraints significantly influences group cooperation behavior, and cannot be considered and solved in the traditional game model. In ...this paper, we consider the evolutionary behavior of a spatial public goods game with constraints on second-order reputation evaluation, which can be characterized by an evaluation variable. First, to achieve constraints on high-reputation individuals, an adaptive threshold adjustment function is introduced to dynamically regulate the individual's image, which is based on the evaluation variable. We discuss the impact of evaluation constraints on group evolutionary behavior under four classical second-order updating rules: shunning, stern judging, simple standing, and image scoring. For shunning and stern judging, the appropriate evaluation constraint maximizes the cooperation level; for the other rules, high cooperative behavior is promoted by a small constraint value. Finally, we also analyze the evolutionary behavior of some mechanisms in two other networks: random and small-world networks. In summary, the current results provide an opportunity to study the evolution of human behavior in a competitive situation and develop an effective mechanism to foster collective cooperation.
•The behaviors of spatial PGG with constrained resources are discussed under different second order reputation rules.•For shunning and stern judging, there is a marginal constraint value that renders the cooperation level to be maximized.•For simple standing and image scoring, the cooperative behavior will be increased along with the constraint value.•The evolutionary behaviors on other two networks are investigated to verify the robustness of proposed method.
As the national digitization process accelerates, the number and energy consumption of data centers are increasing year by year. Want to reduce the PUE of the data center. It is correct to start from ...the perspective of optimizing the energy consumption of air conditioning system operation. In this paper, a predictive optimization control method that is different from previous real-time optimization control is proposed. Predict, optimize, control and adjust the operating parameters of the air conditioning water system in the data center. At the same time, it solves the energy saving problem of the air conditioning system and the lag problem of previous adjustments. Predictive optimization control has broad prospects in research on operation optimization of data center air conditioning water systems.
•Reducing air conditioning water system energy consumption in data centers can lower PUE.•Predictive optimization can solve the lag problem of water systems.•After global prediction optimization, energy consumption was saved by 12.9%.
As the disruptions of various uncertainties, the actual arrival times of vessels to be served in container terminals often deviate from the estimated ones. To improve the robustness of the plan for ...container terminal, an integrated scheduling strategy is proposed through the real-time scheduling of berths and quay cranes during berthing period. The real-time scheduling includes two stages that the as soon as possible strategy and the negotiation mechanism based on contract network protocol are adopted to make full use of berths and quay cranes along the wharf. The simulation shows that the berth plan with real-time scheduling of berths and quay cranes proposed can obviously diminish the effects from uncertainty and improve the stability of system performance.
Substitution behaviors happen frequently when demands are uncertain in a production inventory system, and it has attracted enough attention from firms. Related researches can be clearly classified ...into firm-driven substitution and customer-driven substitution. However, if production inventory is stock-out when a firm updates its product, the firm may use a new generation product to satisfy the customer’s demand of old generation product or use updated component to substitute old component to satisfy production demand. Obviously, two cases of substitution exist simultaneously in the product-updated system when an emergent shortage happens. In this paper, we consider a component order problem with component substitution and product substitution simultaneously in a product-updated system, where the case of firm-driven substitution or customer-driven substitution can be reached by setting different values for two system parameters. Firstly, we formulate the problem into a two-stage dynamic programming. Secondly, we give the optimal decisions about assembled quantities of different types of products. Next, we prove that the expected profit function is jointly concave in order quantities and decrease the feasible domain by determining some bounds for decision variables. Finally, some management insights about component substitution and product substitution are investigated by theoretical analysis method.
The evaluation and updating of individual reputation plays a significant role in the evolution of game cooperation under the framework of reputation-based indirect reciprocity. However, the ...reputation-updating timescale is not necessarily consistent with the strategy-selection timescale. In this letter, we explore the effect of reputation-updating timescale on the cooperation behavior of second-order reputation-based public goods game, and it is assumed that the reputation-updating timescale is slower than the strategy-selection timescale. We observe that the low-frequency of reputation updating will result in some delay, and further hamper the emergency of cooperation behavior. Thus, we propose a novel adaptive reputation-update rule by combining the number of cooperative strategy in the historical memory. Through extensive numerical simulations, we find that under the appropriate reputation-updating timescale (not too fast or too slow), the emergence of cooperation behavior will be improved greatly, even the cooperation level is better than that under the conventional second-order reputation-based PGG. Taking together, the current results will be conducive to understanding the emergency of cooperation in theory and design a reasonable reputation-updating rule in practice.
•The second-order reputation-based public goods game is investigated.•Impact of reputation-updating timescale on the cooperation is explored.•A novel adaptive reputation-update rule is proposed by considering the historical memory.•The appropriate evaluation timescale can promote the emergency of cooperation.
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