The existing study of least travel time paths in deterministic time-varying networks do not really consider the time that vehicles consume at the intersections. However the time a car consumes when ...it crosses the intersection is not allowed to ignore. The paper studies the least travel time paths problem in deterministic time-varying networks considering the attribute of nodes. Firstly, we set up a mathematical model with the goal of the minimizing time to describe the problem. In order to clearly indicate the characteristic that nodes and edges have different weights in the network in different period of time, we proposed the vector label method. Then we propose an algorithm named Reverse Order Labeling Algorithm to solve the problem by analyzing the properties of the problem. Finally, we prove that the time complexity the algorithm is O (I·(N·|E|+|V|)) and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm by the simulating experiment and case analysis.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) has gained considerable attention in improving the performance of thin-film composite (TFC) membranes due to their remarkable mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. ...However, there has few studies referred to the contribution of CNT nanochannel to the enhanced permeability up to now. Herein, the carboxylated-SWCNT (COOH-SWCNT) with small size was inserted in the 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes to synthetic CNT-DOPC liposomes, in which CNT could really function as water-channel. Then, the CNT-DOPC liposomes was incorporated in the polyamide (PA) layer to prepare thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, in an attempt to evaluate the contribution to membrane permeability caused by CNT nanochannel. Stop-flow results showed that the water permeability of CNT-liposomes was nearly ten times higher than pure DOPC-liposomes, which led to a 71.4 % enhancement of water flux compared to TFC membranes and 25.6 % (induced by CNT nanochannel) than DOPC-liposomes incorporated membranes with a relative high rejection to NaCl about 97.6 %. Besides, the membrane with CNT-liposomes exhibited 89.0 % flux recovery rate with the lowest fouling resistance, especially for the hydraulic reversible fouling resistances (0.70*1012 m−1). This work successfully proved that the CNT nanochannel can be really functioned as water-channel and played a vital role in the permeability enhancement.
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•The artificial porous nanoparticle—CNT-liposomes were successfully synthesized.•The CNT nanochannel realized the function as water-channel and made 25.6 % contribution in flux enhancement for TFN membranes.•The CNT-liposomes based TFN membranes showed low fouling resistance and high flux recovery rate.
The arrival time of each container vessel berthing at a container terminal and the numbers of the containers loaded on and off the vessel are disturbed stochastically since their being affected by ...many random factors. In order to make the plans of berth allocation and quay cranes scheduling implemented successfully, this paper proposes a mathematical model of the robustly planning for berth allocation and quay cranes integrated scheduling. Based on the trade-off between service level and robustness of the plans, the mathematical model optimizes the weighted sum of the service level and the robustness indicator by making decision on berthing position on the terminal, berthing time and the buffer time for each vessel. Through analyzing the properties of the model it is found that there must be a "lower-left tight" plan which is optimal. Then an improved genetic algorithm is designed to solve the problem according to the properties. The simulation tests show that the optimal solution or the approximately optimal solution of the model can absorb the perturbation, avoid the interim adjustment plan and reduce the delay time of each vessel. Especially, it remarkably reduces the number of the vessels with more containers loaded on and off them and enhances the robustness of the terminal operations plan.
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•PZC/PDMDAAC was first proposed to improve ultrafiltration for surface water.•Hydrolysis degree was important in enhancing Zr-based coagulation performance.•Polymer flocculant ...exhibited a synergistic effect on membrane fouling mitigation.•The transformation of membrane fouling mechanisms were thoroughly analyzed.
Membrane fouling is the main challenge that limits ultrafiltration (UF) membrane long-term application. Coagulation, as an effective pretreatment method, not only reduces the pollutants loaded on the membrane surface, but also transforms membrane-pollutant contact into pollutant-floc reaction. Zircon (Zr) salts have drawn wide attention as a novel metal-based coagulant because of their excellent coagulation performance. In present study, three types of Zr coagulants zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and polyzirconium chloride (PZC), polyzirconium chloride/Poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PZC/PDMDAAC) were estimated in terms of the coagulation removal of organic pollutants and the mitigation of membrane fouling. Results showed that the combination of PZC with alkalinity of 1.5 and PDMDAAC with molecular weight of 2.0–3.5 × 105 (abbreviated as PZC1.5/P2) presented the best coagulation performance under acidic and neutral conditions due to its better bridging affinity and sweeping ability. 8 mg/L dosage of PZC1.5/P2 could effectively remove turbidity (98.27%) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (59.04%) during the coagulation process. Furthermore, pre-coagulation by PZC1.5/P2 induced the transformation from cake filtration into thoroughly intermediate blocking and the removal of particulate matter would prevent reversible fouling-induced flux decline, whereas elimination of organic matter was beneficial for promoting UF efficiency by mitigating irreversible fouling. Besides, Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis showed that the foulants became more hydrophilic coagulated by PZC1.5/P2, and the adhesion between foulants and membrane surface was greatly weakened. All the improvement originated from the flocs structure contributed to the better UF performance with the improved normalize flux (J/J0) from 0.50 to 0.75, larger decrease in reversible and irreversible fouling by 82.27% and 91.27%, respectively. More importantly, PZC1.5/P2 exhibited excellent coagulation and membrane performances in the treatment of actual water from Wolf Mushan reservoir, which demonstrated that Zr-based coagulant is a promising coagulant for practical application in surface water purification.
Ligands can induce G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to adopt a myriad of conformations, many of which play critical roles in determining the activation of specific signaling cascades associated ...with distinct functional and behavioral consequences. For example, the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is the target of classic hallucinogens, atypical antipsychotics, and psychoplastogens. However, currently available methods are inadequate for directly assessing 5-HT2AR conformation both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we developed psychLight, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor based on the 5-HT2AR structure. PsychLight detects behaviorally relevant serotonin release and correctly predicts the hallucinogenic behavioral effects of structurally similar 5-HT2AR ligands. We further used psychLight to identify a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog, which produced rapid-onset and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects after a single administration. The advent of psychLight will enable in vivo detection of serotonin dynamics, early identification of designer drugs of abuse, and the development of 5-HT2AR-dependent non-hallucinogenic therapeutics.
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•Engineered psychLight—a genetically encoded 5-HT sensor based on the 5-HT2AR•PsychLight can measure 5-HT dynamics in behaving mice•A psychLight-based cellular imaging platform predicts hallucinogenic potential•Identified a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog with antidepressant properties
Engineered biosensor based on 5-HT2AR structure enables the identification of designer drugs of abuse and the development of non-hallucinogenic therapies
Compared with the traditional underwater unmanned system, the underwater snake-like robot shows higher performance and terrain avoidance ability in complicated external environment. However, it also ...puts higher requirement on its control methodology. To achieve accurate obstacle avoidance in underwater terrain constraints, a new trajectory planning scheme is designed in this paper. First, the model of underwater snake-like robot is built. The shape of snake is considered in the model. Then, the hp adaptive Radau pseudospectral is applied to plan the trajectory of three degree of freedom of snake-like robot model. Finally, the simulation results show that the method is feasible and effective.
The improvement in the overall efficiency of thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is limited by their low permeability and sensitivity to degradation by chlorine. In the present ...study, polypiperazine (PIP), the commonly used amine monomer in preparing commercial TFC nanofiltration (NF) membranes, was used to regulate the
m
-phenylenediamine (MPD) based interfacial polymerization (IP) process. The results showed that addition of PIP optimized the micro-structure and surface properties of the polyamide (PA) layer. When the MPD and PIP mass ratio was 1 : 1, the TFC
W-1:1
membrane exhibited 70% flux enhancement compared to pure MPD-based TFC
W-1:0
membranes. Besides, the TFC
W-1:1
membrane exhibited better chlorine-resistant performance since the NaCl rejection declined to just 3.8% while it was 11.3% for TFC
W-1:0
membranes after immersion in 500 ppm NaClO solution for 48 h. Such improvement can be attributed to the increased number of unreacted amine groups and the thickness of the PA layer that PIP brought, which provided a sacrificial protective layer to consume the active chlorine, and thus maintain the integrity of the inner rejection layer. In all, the novelty and purpose of the present work is to find a more simple and scalable method to fabricate high-performance TFC RO membranes by using commonly, cheaply and frequently used materials.
Optimization of structure and improvement of surface properties of polyamide layer contribute to the enhanced permeability and chlorine-resistant of thin-film composite membranes.
To model the evolution of cooperation under the realistic scenarios, we propose an interdependent network-based game model which simultaneously considers the difference of individual roles in the ...spatial prisoner’s dilemma game. In our model, the system is composed of two lattices on which an agent designated as a cooperator or defector will be allocated, meanwhile each agent will be endowed as a specific weight taking from three typical distributions on one lattice (i.e., weighted lattice), and set to be 1.0 on the other one (i.e., un-weighted or standard lattice). In addition, the interdependency will be built through the utility coupling between point-to-point partners. Extensive simulations indicate that the cooperation will be continuously elevated for the weighted lattice as the utility coupling strength (α) increases; while the cooperation will take on a nontrivial evolution on the standard lattice as α varies, and will be still greatly promoted when compared to the case of α=0. At the same time, the full T−K phase diagrams are also explored to illustrate the evolutionary behaviors, and it is powerfully shown that the interdependency drives the defectors to survive within the narrower range, but individual weighting of utility will further broaden the coexistence space of cooperators and defectors, which renders the nontrivial evolution of cooperation in our model. Altogether, the current consequences about the evolution of cooperation will be helpful for us to provide the insights into the prevalent cooperation phenomenon within many real-world systems.
•An interdependent network-based game model with individual diversity is proposed.•The interdependency is implemented by the utility coupling between partners.•The diversity is characterized by the individual weighting on one lattice.•The cooperation will be continuously elevated for weighted lattices.•The nontrivial evolution of cooperation will be presented on the traditional lattice.
