Aiming at a series of problems such as detection accuracy, calculation blocking, display delay, and so on in the ship detection of surveillance video, an improved YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed in this ...paper. First, to improve the detection performance, it is proposed to optimize the anchor box algorithm in the YOLOv5 network according to the ship target characteristics. Then, the t‐SNE algorithm is used to reduce and visualize the data set label information and perform weighted analysis on the processed features for low‐dimensional data. The mapped kernel k‐means clustering algorithm adaptively selects a more appropriate anchor box and considers the detection performance of large and small ship targets. Secondly, to improve the problem of computational blocking and delay, the BN scaling factor γ is used to compress the YOLOv5 network, so that the model can be reduced without reducing the detection performance. The optimized YOLOv5 framework is trained on the self‐integrated data set. The accuracy of the algorithm is increased by 2.34%, and the ship detection speed reaches 98 fps and 20 fps in the server environment and the low computing power version (Jetson nano), respectively.
In the intelligent traffic system, real-time and accurate detections of vehicles in images and video data are very important and challenging work. Especially in situations with complex scenes, ...different models, and high density, it is difficult to accurately locate and classify these vehicles during traffic flows. Therefore, we propose a single-stage deep neural network YOLOv3-DL, which is based on the Tensorflow framework to improve this problem. The network structure is optimized by introducing the idea of spatial pyramid pooling, then the loss function is redefined, and a weight regularization method is introduced, for that, the real-time detections and statistics of traffic flows can be implemented effectively. The optimization algorithm we use is the DL-CAR data set for end-to-end network training and experiments with data sets under different scenarios and weathers. The analyses of experimental data show that the optimized algorithm can improve the vehicles’ detection accuracy on the test set by 3.86%. Experiments on test sets in different environments have improved the detection accuracy rate by 4.53%, indicating that the algorithm has high robustness. At the same time, the detection accuracy and speed of the investigated algorithm are higher than other algorithms, indicating that the algorithm has higher detection performance.
Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antibiotics to treat complicated infections caused by both multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
. Tigecycline resistance has sporadically ...occurred in recent years, primarily due to chromosome-encoding mechanisms, such as overexpression of efflux pumps and ribosome protection
. Here, we report the emergence of the plasmid-mediated mobile tigecycline resistance mechanism Tet(X4) in Escherichia coli isolates from China, which is capable of degrading all tetracyclines, including tigecycline and the US FDA newly approved eravacycline. The tet(X4)-harbouring IncQ1 plasmid is highly transferable, and can be successfully mobilized and stabilized in recipient clinical and laboratory strains of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. It is noteworthy that tet(X4)-positive E. coli strains, including isolates co-harbouring mcr-1, have been widely detected in pigs, chickens, soil and dust samples in China. In vivo murine models demonstrated that the presence of Tet(X4) led to tigecycline treatment failure. Consequently, the emergence of plasmid-mediated Tet(X4) challenges the clinical efficacy of the entire family of tetracycline antibiotics. Importantly, our study raises concern that the plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance may further spread into various ecological niches and into clinical high-risk pathogens. Collective efforts are in urgent need to preserve the potency of these essential antibiotics.
The recent emergence and dissemination of high-level mobile tigecycline resistance Tet(X) challenge the clinical effectiveness of tigecycline, one of the last-resort therapeutic options for ...complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. Although tet(X) has been found in various bacterial species, less is known about phylogeographic distribution and phenotypic variance of different genetic variants.
Herein, we conducted a multiregional whole-genome sequencing study of tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter isolates from human, animal, and their surrounding environmental sources in China. The molecular and enzymatic features of tet(X) variants were characterized by clonal expression, microbial degradation, reverse transcription, and gene transfer experiments, while the tet(X) genetic diversity and molecular evolution were explored by comparative genomic and Bayesian evolutionary analyses.
We identified 193 tet(X)-positive isolates from 3846 samples, with the prevalence ranging from 2.3 to 25.3% in nine provinces in China. The tet(X) was broadly distributed in 12 Acinetobacter species, including six novel species firstly described here. Besides tet(X3) (n = 188) and tet(X4) (n = 5), two tet(X5) variants, tet(X5.2) (n = 36) and tet(X5.3) (n = 4), were also found together with tet(X3) or tet(X4) but without additive effects on tetracyclines. These tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter spp. isolates exhibited 100% resistance rates to tigecycline and tetracycline, as well as high minimum inhibitory concentrations to eravacycline (2-8 μg/mL) and omadacycline (8-16 μg/mL). Genetic analysis revealed that different tet(X) variants shared an analogous ISCR2-mediated transposon structure. The molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that Tet(X) variants likely shared the same common ancestor with the chromosomal monooxygenases that are found in environmental Flavobacteriaceae bacteria, but sequence divergence suggested separation ~ 9900 years ago (7887 BC), presumably associated with the mobilization of tet(X)-like genes through horizontal transfer.
Four tet(X) variants were identified in this study, and they were widely distributed in multiple Acinetobacter spp. strains from various ecological niches across China. Our research also highlighted the crucial role of ISCR2 in mobilizing tet(X)-like genes between different Acinetobacter species and explored the evolutionary history of Tet(X)-like monooxygenases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of these mobile tigecycline resistance genes.
Abstract
Background
During cataract phacoemulsification surgery, an Intrepid® balanced (IB) tip can achieve a larger amplitude, which may lead to higher energy efficiency than a Kelman (K) tip when ...paired with a torsional phaco platform. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared their energy efficiency and damage to the cornea under a new energy setting.
Methods
The medical records of 104 eyes of 79 patients were reviewed, with 47 eyes belonging to the IB group and 57 eyes belonging to the K group. All surgeries were performed on an Alcon Centurion® platform with gravity infiltration. Surgical parameters, visual outcome, central corneal thickness (CCT) changes, and endothelial cell density (ECD) loss rate were recorded and calculated.
Results
No significant differences in postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), total ultrasound time, estimated fluid aspirated, CCT changes, or ECD loss rate were observed between the two groups. We divided the included eyes into soft nucleus and hard nucleus subgroups and found lower cumulative dissipated energy (CDE, 8.15 ± 8.02 vs 14.82 ± 14.16,
P
= 0.023), cumulative torsional energy (CTE, 8.06 ± 7.87 vs 14.13 ± 13.02,
P
= 0.027), and cumulative longitudinal energy (CLE, 0.09 ± 0.17 vs 0.69 ± 1.37,
P
= 0.017) in the IB group than in the K group, implying less energy used and higher energy efficiency of the IB tip.
Conclusion
Lower CLE in the IB group indicates fewer phaco tip obstructions and a significantly higher capability to conquer hard nuclei with IB tips with statistical significance. With an ultra-perfusion cannula, the balanced tip does not cause more corneal damage.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potential biological weapons because of their high toxicity and mortality. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent botulism. The carboxyl-terminus of the ...heavy chain (Hc domain) is nontoxic and sufficient to generate protective immune responses against natural BoNTs in animals. To produce a vaccine suitable for human use, a recombinant non His-tagged isoform of the Hc domain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype B (BHc) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by sequential chromatography. The immunogenicity of recombinant E.coli-expressed BHc and the yeast-expressed mBHc antigens was explored and compared in Balb/c mice. BHc provided comparable protective potency but elicited significantly higher antibody titer and neutralization potency against BoNT/B after twice immunization, indicating that the recombinant BHc protein expressed in E.coli have better immunogenicity than the yeast-expressed mBHc. Moreover, a frequency and dose-dependent effect was observed in mice immunized with BHc subunit vaccine and the anti-BHc ELISA antibody titers correlated well with neutralizing antibody titers and protection potency. In summary, the Alhydrogel-formulated BHc subunit vaccine afforded effective protection against BoNT/B challenge. Therefore, the non-His-tagged and homogeneous BHc expressed in E.coli represents a good potential candidate subunit vaccine for human use.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most toxic proteins. Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent botulism. To generate a vaccine suitable for human use, a recombinant non-His-tagged ...isoform of the Hc domain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (rEHc) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by sequential chromatography. The immunogenicity of rEHc was evaluated in mice and dose- and time-dependent immune responses were observed in both antibody titers and protective potency. Then, the pilot-scale expression and purification of rEHc were performed, and its immunological activity was characterized. Our results showed rEHc has good immunogenicity and can elicit strong protective potency against botulinum neurotoxin serotype E (BoNT/E) in mice, indicating that rEHc is an effective botulism vaccine candidate. Further, we developed a novel antitoxin against BoNT/E by purifying F(abʹ)
2
from pepsin-digested serum IgG of rEHc-inoculated horses. The protective effect of the F(abʹ)
2
antitoxin was determined in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that our F(abʹ)
2
antitoxin can prevent botulism in BoNT/E-challenged mice and effectively alleviate the progression of paralysis caused by BoNT/E to achieve therapeutic effects. Therefore, our results provide valuable experimental data for the production of a novel antitoxin, which is a promising candidate for the treatment of BoNT/E-induced botulism.
It has been established in RCTs that high dose of phytosterols can significantly reduce blood cholesterol. However, it was uncertain whether low dose of phytosterols from daily diets was effective. ...In this study, we evaluated the associations between dietary phytosterols and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood glucose, serum lipid profiles and prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in healthy subjects.
Four hundred nine men and 503 women aged 18-60 years were included in this study. Dietary intakes of phytosterols were estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height, body weight, WC and blood pressure were measured, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Moreover, fasting serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) were further determined.
When comparing extreme quartiles of dietary phytosterols, significant differences of BMI, WC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum TC and LDLc were found. Dietary phytosterols presented a negative association with BMI, WC, SBP, DBP, serum TC and LDLc (with and without adjustment for energy). After adjustment for confounders, we found higher dietary phytosterols were linked with lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.487; 95% CI 0.234, 0.918 for men; OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.277; 95% CI 0.124, 0.619 for women) and abdominal obesity (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.344; 95% CI 0.144, 0.819 for men; OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.321; 95% CI 0.140, 0.571 for women).
Higher dietary phytosterols were associated with lower BMI, WC, blood pressure, serum TC and LDLc and lower prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in Chinese adults.
Background
Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is an important determinant and biomarker for response of targeted therapy and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. The present study aimed to determine ...whether radiomics signature could non‐invasively predict the TMB status and driver mutations in patients with resectable early stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).
Methods
A total of 61pulmonary nodules (PNs) from 51 patients post‐operatively diagnosed LUAD were enrolled for analysis. Two datasets were divided according to two‐thirds of patients from different commercial Comprehensive Genomic Profiling (CGP) panels: a training cohort including 41 PNs and a testing cohort including rest 20PNs. We sequenced all tumor specimens and paired blood cells using next generation sequencing (NGS), so as to detect TMB status and somatic mutations. We collected 718 quantitative 3D radiomics features extracted from segmented volumes of each PNs and 78 clinical and pathological features retrieved from medical records as well. Support vector machine methods were performed to establish the predictive model.
Results
We established an efficient fusion‐positive tumor prediction model that predicts TMB status and EGFR/TP53 mutations of early stage LUAD. The radiomics signature yielded a median AUC value of 0.606, 0.604, and 0.586 respectively. Combining radiomics with the clinical information can further improve the prediction performance, which the median AUC values are 0.671 for TMB, 0.697 and 0.656 for EGFR/TP53 respectively.
Conclusion
It is feasible and effective to facilitate TMB and somatic driver mutations prediction by using the radiomics signature and NGS data in early stage LUAD.
Our previous studies have demonstrated that histidine supplementation significantly ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in obese women and high-fat diet-induced obese rats. However, the ...effects of dietary histidine on general population are not known. The objective of this Internet-based cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations between dietary histidine and prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in northern Chinese population. A total of 2376 participants were randomly recruited and asked to finish our Internet-based dietary questionnaire for the Chinese (IDQC). Afterwards, 88 overweight/obese participants were randomly selected to explore the possible mechanism. Compared with healthy controls, dietary histidine was significantly lower in overweight (p < 0.05) and obese (p < 0.01) participants of both sexes. Dietary histidine was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure in overall population and stronger associations were observed in women and overweight/obese participants. Higher dietary histidine was associated with lower prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, especially in women. Further studies indicated that higher dietary histidine was associated with lower fasting blood glucose (FBG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 2-h postprandial glucose (2 h-PG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), malonaldehyde (MDA) and vaspin and higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adiponectin of overweight/obese individuals of both sexes. In conclusion, higher dietary histidine is inversely associated with energy intake, status of insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight/obese participants and lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in northern Chinese adults.
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