Metal–organic complexes assembled from coordinative interactions are known to be able to display a wide range of photoluminescent behaviors benefiting from an extensive number of metal ions, organic ...linkers, and inclusion guests, depending on the multifaceted nature of their chemical structures and photophysical properties. In the past two decades, the white-light-emitting (WLE) and photoluminescent color-tuning (PLCT) materials based on the single-phase metal–organic coordination assemblies have merited particular attention and gained substantial advances. In this review, we give an overview of recent progress in this field, placing emphasis on the WLE and PLCT properties realized in the single-phase materials, which covers the origin, generation, and manipulation of different types of photoluminescence (PL) derived from ligand-centered (LC), metal/cluster-centered (MC or CC), excimer/exciplex-based (EX), metal-to-ligand or ligand-to-metal charge-transfer-based (MLCT or LMCT), or guest-included emissions. The coordination assemblies in this topic can be generally classified into three categories (1) mono/homometallic coordination assemblies based on main group (s,p-block), transition (d-block), or lanthanide (f-block) metal centers, (2) s/p–f-, d–f-, or f–f-type heterometallic coordination assemblies, and (3) guest-included coordination assemblies for which WLE and PLCT properties can be achieved by virtue of either a wide-band/overlapped emission covering the whole visible spectrum from a single emitting center or a combination of complementary color emissions from multiple emitting centers/origins. Some state-of-the-art assembly methods and successful design models relevant to the above three categories are elaborated to demonstrate how to achieve efficient and controllable white-light emission in a single-phase material through a tunable PL approach. Potential applications in the fields of lighting and displaying, sensing and detecting, and barcoding and patterning are surveyed, and at the end, possible prospects and challenges for future development along this line are proposed.
Harmonia axyridis is an effective natural enemy insect to a variety of phloem-sucking pests and Lepidopteran larvae, such as aphids, scabies, and phylloxera, while its industrial production is ...limited due to unmature artificial diet. Insect intestinal microbiota affect host development and reproduction. The aim of this study is to understand intestinal microbiota composition of H. axyridis and screen effective probiotics on artificial diet. Considering the role of the components and composition of the diet on the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiome, four kinds of diets were set up: (1) aphid; (2) basic diet; (3) basic diet + glucose; (4) basic diet + trehalose. The gut microbiota of H. axyridis was detected after feeding on different diets.
Results showed that the gut microbiota between artificial diet group and aphid groups were far apart, while the basic and glucose groups were clearly clustered. Besides, the glucose group and trehalose group had one unique phylum, Cryptophyta and Candidatus Saccharibacteria, respectively. The highest abundance of Proteobacteria was found in the aphid diet. The highest abundance of Firmicutes was found in the basic diet. However, the addition of glucose or trehalose alleviated the change. In addition, the relative abundance of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified, Enterobacteriales_unclassified and Serratia in the aphid group was higher than other groups. Moreover, the function of gut genes in each group also showed clear differences.
These results have offered a strong link between artificial diets and gut microbes, and also have provided a theoretical basis for the screening of synergistic probiotics in artificial diet.
The heavy metal zinc (Zn) is known to be transmitted in the food chain; however, the effect of Zn stress on beans and herbivorous insects is largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the ...resistance of broad bean plants to Zn stress and the consequent changes in their physiological and biochemical metabolism by simulating heavy metal pollution in soil. Simultaneously, the effects of aphid progeny treated with different Zn concentrations on the expression of carbohydrate and related genes were analyzed. The results showed that Zn had no effect on the germination rate of broad beans, but other effects mainly manifested as follows. (1) Chlorophyll content decreased. (2) The total soluble sugar and Zn content in stems and leaves increased with increasing Zn content. (3) The proline content first increased and then decreased with increasing Zn content. (4) The height of the seedlings indicates that low concentrations promote growth and high concentrations inhibit growth. In addition, only the first-generation fecundity decreased significantly when aphids fed on heavy metal broad beans. Continuous high Zn levels increase the trehalose content of aphid F1 and F2, while F3 decreases. These results can not only provide a theoretical basis for exploring the impact of soil heavy metal pollution on ecosystems but also preliminarily evaluate the possibility of broad beans as a means of pollution remediation.
The first catalytic asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand (IED) oxa‐Diels–Alder reaction of ortho‐quinone methides, generated in situ from ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols, has been established. By ...selecting 3‐methyl‐2‐vinylindoles as a class of competent dienophiles, this approach provides an efficient strategy to construct an enantioenriched chroman framework with three adjacent stereogenic centers in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99 % yield, >95:5 d.r., 99.5:0.5 e.r.). The utilization of ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols as precursors of dienes and 3‐methyl‐2‐vinylindoles as dienophiles, as well as the hydrogen‐bonding activation mode of the substrates met the challenges of a catalytic asymmetric IED oxa‐Diels–Alder reaction.
Three in a row: The title reaction of ortho‐quinone methides, generated in situ from ortho‐hydroxybenzyl alcohols, has been established. By selecting 3‐methyl‐2‐vinylindoles as a class of competent dienophiles, this approach provides an efficient strategy to construct enantioenriched chroman frameworks with three adjacent stereogenic centers in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities. CPA=chiral phosphoric acid.
The organocatalytic asymmetric arylative dearomatization of indoles was achieved through two tandem approaches involving 2,3‐disubstituted indoles and quinone imine ketals. One approach utilized the ...enantioselective cascade 1,4 addition/alcohol elimination reaction, the other employed the one‐pot tandem arylative dearomatization/transfer hydrogenation sequence. In both cases, enantiomerically pure indole derivatives that bear an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center were generated in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities (all d.r.>95:5, up to 99 % ee).
Less aromatic: The title reaction between indoles and quinone imine ketals was achieved by the two tandem approaches shown in the scheme. In both cases, enantiomerically pure indole derivatives bearing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center were generated in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities.
Two series of isostructural lanthanide coordination complexes, namely, LIFM‐42(Ln) (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, in which LIFM stands for the Lehn Institute of Functional Materials) and LIFM‐43(Ln) (Ln=Er, Yb), ...were synthesized through the self‐assembly of an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligand, 5‐2‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4,5‐bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐ylisophthalic acid (H2hpi2cf), with different lanthanide ions. In the coordination structures linked by the ligands and oxo‐bridged LnIII2 clusters (for LIFM‐42(Ln) series) or isolated LnIII ions (for LIFM‐43(Ln) series), the ESIPT ligand can serve as both the host and antenna for protecting and sensitizing the photoluminescence (PL) of LnIII ions. Meanwhile, the −OH⋅⋅⋅N active sites on the ligands are vacant, which provides availability to systematically explore the PL behavior of Ln complexes with ESIPT interference. Based on the accepting levels of different lanthanide ions, energy transfer can occur from the T1(K*) or T1(E*) (K*=excited keto form, E*=excited enol form) excited states of the ligand. Furthermore, the sensitized lanthanide luminescence in both visible and near‐infrared regions, as well as the remaining K* emission of the ligand, can be modulated by the ESIPT responsiveness to different solvents, anions, and temperature.
Minor adjustments for major color changes: Two series of isostructural lanthanide coordination complexes were synthesized through the self‐assembly of an excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligand with different lanthanide ions. The multiresponsive photoluminescence emission properties of the lanthanide complexes are modulated by the ESIPT attributes of the ligands (see figure).
Adipocytes are one of the primary stromal cells in many tissues, and they are considered to play an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) are not only found ...adjacent to cancer cells, but also communicate with cancer cells through releasing various factors that can mediate local and systemic effects. The adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk leads to phenotypical and functional changes of both cell types, which can further enhance tumor progression. Indeed, obesity, which is associated with an increase in adipose mass and an alteration of adipose tissue, is becoming pandemic in some countries and it is now considered to be an independent risk factor for cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms involved with special attention to the adipocyte-cancer cell circle in breast cancer. We envisage that besides having a direct impact on tumor cells, CAAs systemically preconditions the tumor microenvironment by favoring anti-tumor immunity. A better understanding of cancer-associated adipocytes and the key molecular events in the adipocyte-cancer cell crosstalk will provide insights into tumor biology and permit the optimization of therapeutic strategies.
AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of a circular RNA(circR NA), circ-LDLRAD3, in pancreatic cancer.METHODS Expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 were tested in both cells and clinical samples; the ...latter included 30 paired pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues, 31 plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer, and 31 plasma samples from healthy volunteers. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR) was performed to measure expression levels of circ-LDLRAD3 in cells and clinical samples; then, the relationship between clinicopathological factors of patient samples and expression of circ-LDLRAD3 in pancreatic cancer was analyzed. The diagnostic value of circ-LDLRAD3 was verified by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis.RESULTS Circ-LDLRAD3 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines(P < 0.01), pancreatic cancer tissues(P < 0.01), and plasma samples from patients with pancreatic cancer(P < 0.01). High expression of circLDLRAD3 was significantly associated with venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, and metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of circ-LDLRAD3 alone or combination with CA19-9 was 0.67 and 0.87, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.5738(alone) and 0.7049(alone), and 0.8033(combination) and 0.9355(combination), respectively.CONCLUSION These data suggest that circ-LDLRAD3 may be a biomarker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Alternative splicing expands the transcriptome and proteome complexity and plays essential roles in tissue development and human diseases. However, how alternative splicing regulates spermatogenesis ...remains largely unknown. Here, using a germ cell-specific knockout mouse model, we demonstrated that the splicing factor
is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. In the absence of SRSF10, spermatogonial stem cells can be formed, but the expansion of Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger (PLZF)-positive undifferentiated progenitors was impaired, followed by the failure of spermatogonia differentiation (marked by KIT expression) and meiosis initiation. This was further evidenced by the decreased expression of progenitor cell markers in bulk RNA-seq, and much less progenitor and differentiating spermatogonia in single-cell RNA-seq data. Notably, SRSF10 directly binds thousands of genes in isolated THY
spermatogonia, and
depletion disturbed the alternative splicing of genes that are preferentially associated with germ cell development, cell cycle, and chromosome segregation, including
,
,
,
,
,
and
. These data suggest that SRSF10 is critical for the expansion of undifferentiated progenitors by regulating alternative splicing, expanding our understanding of the mechanism underlying spermatogenesis.
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