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•The thermoelectric properties of metal-organic complexes are reviewed.•Empirical guidelines for thermoelectric research on metal-organic complexes are discussed.•Advantages and ...challenges of metal-organic complexes for thermoelectric application are presented.
Recent research progress has drawn the attention to thermoelectric (TE) property of Poly(M-ett) (M=metal, ett=ethylenetetrathiolate), which provides the best performance of n-type organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials. Metal-organic complexes have been extensively studied for their applications in magnetism, catalysis, molecular storage, and luminescence etc. Now their potential for thermoelectric conversion technology is being explored. The research on thermoelectric effect of metal-organic complexes has a history of over 50 years, efforts were mainly focused on small molecular complexes in early studies, such as metal phthalocyanine complexes. Related research on Poly(M-ett) injects fresh vitality to the field of OTE materials. In this article, TE properties of metal-organic complexes are reviewed, including small molecular complexes and coordination polymers (CPs), empirical guidelines for OTE research on metal-organic complexes are discussed.
Tumor immune microenvironment (TiME) is prognostically instructive in Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). However, the potential value of TiME-related genes in the individualized immunotherapy of PAAD ...has not been clarified.
Correlation between Immune-Related Genes (IRGs) and immune-related transcription factors (TFs) was performed to prove the immune correlation of selected genes. Immune-related molecular subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. The TiME-score, an immune microenvironment-related prognostic signature for PAAD, was constructed using minimum absolute contraction and selection operator regression (Lasso-Cox). The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset validated the reliability of TiME-score as external validation. Single-cell samples from GSE197177 confirmed microenvironment differences of TiME-score hub genes between tumor and its paracancer tissues. Then, RARRES3, a hub gene in TiME-score, was further analyzed about its upstream TP53 mutation and the specific immune landscape of itself in transcriptome and Single-cell level. Eventually, TiME-score were validated in different therapeutic cohorts of PAAD mice models.
A 14-genes PAAD immune-related risk signature, TiME-score, was constructed based on IRGs. The differences of TiME-score hub genes in single-cell samples of PAAD cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were consistent with the transcriptome. Single-cell samples of cancer tissues showed more pronounced immune cell infiltration. The upstream mutation factor TP53 of RARRES3 was significantly enriched in immune-related biological processes. High RARRES3 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis and high macrophages M1 infiltration. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry of hub genes AGT, DEFB1, GH1, IL20RB, and TRAF3 in different treatment cohorts of mice PAAD models were consistent with the predicted results. The combination of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy has shown significantly better therapeutic effects than single drug therapy in PAAD.
TiME-score, as a prognostic signature related to PAAD-specific immune microenvironment constructed based on RARRES3, has predictive value for prognosis and the potential to guide individualized immunotherapy for PAAD patients.
Chitosan, a semi-crystalline biomolecule, has attracted wide attention due to its high synthesis flexibility. In this study, to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan aerogels (CSAs), graphene ...oxide (GO) was extracted and introduced into chitosan aerogels as fillers. The porous CSAs/GO composite aerogels were fabricated by an environmentally friendly freeze-drying process with different GO contents (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, wt.%). The characteristics of the CSAs/GO were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical measurements and mercury porosimeter. The crystallinity of samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of the effect of graphene oxide on chitosan was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the microstructure of the samples is developed in the network structure. The porosity of CSAs/GO aerogels is as high as 87.6%, and the tensile strength of the films increased from 6.60 MPa to 10.56 MPa with the recombination of graphene oxide. The crystallinity (CrI) of composite aerogels increased from 27% to 81%, which indicates that graphene oxide improves the mechanical properties of chitosan by chemical crosslinking.
•2 in. GaN crystals and wafers were produced by ammonothermal method.•X-ray characterization method suggested to check surface and subsurface damage.•(1 1 4) X-ray rocking curves measurements for ...each step of back-end processing.•Lack of uniformity of surface damage from different companies and from sample to sample.
SixPoint Materials has successfully switched to production of two-inch diameter GaN wafers using the ammonothermal method. Crystal quality values are high with dislocation densities typically in the low 105 cm−2. In efforts to produce true epi-ready material, investigations were made to develop a technique to study surface damage caused by the back-end process using X-ray diffraction methods. Analysis of peak tailing from X-ray rocking curves of the (1 1 4) reflection indicates the progression of surface damage during each step of the back-end process. For instance, the tailing can be partially represented using full width five thousand max (FW5000M) values. By using a peak with a low glancing angle, such as the (1 1 4) reflection’s angle of 10.8662°, more of the X-ray beam is scattered in the surface region, providing an improved measurement of surface damage. Since this technique is non-destructive and can be performed without dismounting the sample from its ceramic back-end processing plate, it can provide information on the damaged layer at each stage of the back-end process. Using this technique to evaluate samples from various manufacturers, we found a lack of uniformity in surface damage from GaN companies. It is our hope that this technique will be adopted to better standardize surface damage measurements in the GaN field.
Abstract
Conducting organic metal chalcogenides (OMCs) have attracted considerable interest for their superior electrical properties and fascinating functions. However, the electronic structural and ...functional regulation of OMCs are typically limited to the combination of monometallic nodes and graphene-like ligands. Here, we report a family of bimetallic OMCs (CuAg
x
(C
6
S
6
)
n
,
x
= 4 or 2) synthesized via selective metal metathesis and oxidation transformation. Both OMCs have alternatively stacked one-dimensional (1D) copper-dithiolene chains and 2D Ag-S networks, which can synergistically serve as charge transport pathways, rendering these bimetallic materials highly conductive. The incorporation of heterometallic nodes turned nonmagnetic Ag
5
(C
6
S
6
)
n
into paramagnetic metallic CuAg
4
(C
6
S
6
)
n
, which exhibited a coherence-incoherence crossover in magnetic susceptibility measurements and an unusually large Sommerfeld coefficient, reminiscent of the characteristics of Kondo lattice. This work opens up an avenue for tailoring the electronic structures of OMCs and provides a platform for studying the dichotomy between electronic localization and itinerancy.
Background
Frailty as a common geriatric syndrome can affect the clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. However, the impact of frailty on survival and readmission patients with gastric ...cancer has not been well-characterised.
Objectives
To investigate the impact of frailty on survival and readmission in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy by conducting a meta-analysis.
Methods
Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until 2 September 2022. Observational studies that evaluated the value of frailty in predicting adverse outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy were included. The outcomes of interest were overall survival, disease-specific survival (death from gastric cancer), and readmission. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to calculate the association of frailty with adverse outcomes.
Results
Eight studies reported on nine articles with 2,792 patients with gastric cancer were included. A fixed-effect meta-analysis indicated that frailty was associated with a reduced in-hospital overall survival (HR 2.08; 95% CI 1.46–2.95), long-term overall survival (HR 1.84; 95% CI 1.37–2.47), and disease-specific survival (HR 1.94; 95% CI 1.34–2.83). In addition, frailty was associated with increased risk of readmission within 1 year (HR 3.63; 95% CI 1.87–7.06).
Conclusions
Frailty was associated with a reduced overall survival and disease-specific survival and an increased risk of readmission in patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. Frail status may play an important role in the risk stratification of gastric cancer after gastrectomy.
Nanocrystals of a 2D π–d conjugated copper bis(diselenolene) coordination polymer (Cu‐BHS, BHS = benzenehexaselenolate) are synthesized via a simple homogeneous reaction between cupric ions and ...benzenehexaselenol (H6BHS). Its 2D extended hexagonal lattice is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction, and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity measured on compressed powder sample reaches 110 S cm−1 at 300 K, which is among the highest value ever reported for coordination polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic metallic characteristics of Cu‐BHS are confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and band structure calculation.
Benzenehexaselenol (H6BHS) and a 2D copper bis(diselenolene) coordination polymer containing BHS as linking bridge are synthesized. The electrical conductivity of compressed powder sample reaches 110 S cm−1 at 300 K. The intrinsically metallic characteristics of Cu‐BHS are confirmed by band structure calculation and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy.
A novel charge transfer complex based on D6h-symmetric coronene and D3h-symmetric 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT(CN)6) with 2:1 stoichiometry has been prepared by ...cosublimation method. We have conducted the measurement of charge transfer and charge transport properties as well as the theoretical calculation. The optical spectra indicate coronene-HAT(CN)6 a charge transfer complex in neutral state. This complex demonstrates typical features of a p-type organic semiconductor and the highest hole field-effect mobility is calculated to be 5.6 × 10−3 cm2 v−1 s−1. Combined with the electronic band structure and intermolecular electronic coupling obtained from corresponding calculation, this research provides assistance in investigating structure-performance relationship and suggests a guideline for developing high-performance binary composed materials.
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•A novel charge transfer complex based on coronene and HAT(CN)6 with 2:1 stoichiometry has been prepared.•The highest hole field-effect mobility is calculated to be 5.6×10-3 cm2 v-1 s-1.•Theory calculations confirm experiment results, suggesting a guideline for studying structure-performance relationship.
β-Naphthalene sulfonic acid doped polyaniline nanotubes (PANI NT) was synthesized, a sample without specific nanostructure was prepared as a reference. Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal ...conductivity of both samples were studied. For a PANI NT prepared with an aniline/NSA ratio of 4:1, the Seebeck coefficient had a value of 212.4
μV/K at 300
K, which was 7 times higher than that of the reference sample. Meanwhile, electrical conductivity almost doubled, changed from 0.0045 to 0.0077
S/cm, while the thermal conductivity reduced by 27.5%, dropped from 0.29 to 0.21
W/m
K. Finally, thermoelectric performance was evaluated by calculating the thermoelectric power factor and figure of merit, and there was a two orders of magnitude's increase for the tube-like PANI. A series of PANI NTs prepared under different aniline/NSA ratio were also investigated for searching an optimized performance. Tubular nanostructure was proved to be effective for enhancing the thermoelectric performance. This idea might be applicable to other organic thermoelectric materials as well.
Mn was an important alloying element used in Al-Mg-Mn alloys. However, it had to be limited to a low level (<1.0 wt %) to avoid the formation of coarse intermetallics. In order to take full advantage ...of the benefits of Mn, research was carried out to investigate the possibility of increasing the content of Mn by studying the effect of cooling rate on the formation of Fe- and Mn-rich intermetallics at different content levels of Mn and Fe. The results indicated that in Al-5Mg-Mn alloy with low Fe content (<0.1 wt %), intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) was small in size and amount. With increasing Mn content, intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) increased, but in limited amount. In high-Fe-containing Al-5Mg-Mn alloys (0.5 wt % Fe), intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) became the dominant phase, even in the alloy with low Mn content (0.39 wt %). Cooling rate played a critical role in the refinement of the intermetallics. Under near-rapid cooling, intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) was extremely refined. Even in the high Mn and/or high-Fe-containing alloys, it still demonstrated fine Chinese script structures. However, once the alloy composition passed beyond the eutectic point, the primary intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) phase displayed extremely coarse platelet-like morphology. Increasing the content of Fe caused intermetallic Al₆(Fe,Mn) to become the primary phase at a lower Mn content.
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![[Cu3(C6Se6)]n: The First Hi...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/2198-3844/small "[Cu3(C6Se6)]n: The First Highly Conductive 2D π–d Conjugated Coordination Polymer Based on Benzenehexaselenolate")
