This paper investigates the integration of relay-assisted Internet of Things (IoT) systems, focusing on the use of multiple relays to enhance the system performance. The central metric of interest in ...this study is system outage probability, evaluated in terms of latency. Our research provides a comprehensive analysis of system outage probability, considering different relay selection criteria to optimize the system’s transmission performance. Three relay selection strategies are employed to enhance the system transmission performance. Specifically, the first strategy, optimal relay selection, aims to identify the relay that minimizes the latency and maximizes the data transmission reliability. The second approach, partial relay selection, focuses on selecting a subset of relays strategically to balance the system resources and achieve the latency reduction. The third strategy, random relay selection, explores the potential of opportunistic relay selection without prior knowledge. Through a rigorous investigation, our paper evaluates the impact of these relay selection criteria on the performance of relay-assisted edge computing systems. By assessing the system outage probability in relation to latency, we provide valuable insights into the trade-offs and advantages associated with each selection strategy. Our findings contribute to the design and optimization of reliable and efficient edge computing systems, with implications for various applications, including the IoT and intelligent data processing.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and abnormal, overactivated innate immunity and ...“cytokine storms” have been proposed as potential pathological mechanisms for rapid COVID-19 progression. Theoretically, asthmatic patients should have increased susceptibility and severity for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to a deficient antiviral immune response and the tendency for exacerbation elicited by common respiratory viruses. However, existing studies have not shown an expected prevalence of asthmatic individuals among COVID-19 patients. Certain aspects of type 2 immune response, including type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, etc.) and accumulation of eosinophils, might provide potential protective effects against COVID-19. Furthermore, conventional therapeutics for asthma, including inhaled corticosteroids, allergen immunotherapy (AIT), and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, might also reduce the risks of asthmatics suffering infection of the virus through alleviating inflammation or enhancing antiviral defense. The interactions between COVID-19 and asthma deserve further attention and clarification.
5-methylcytosine (m
C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification identified in both stable and highly abundant tRNAs and rRNAs, and in mRNAs. However, its regulatory role in mRNA metabolism is still ...largely unknown. Here, we reveal that m
C modification is enriched in CG-rich regions and in regions immediately downstream of translation initiation sites and has conserved, tissue-specific and dynamic features across mammalian transcriptomes. Moreover, m
C formation in mRNAs is mainly catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2, and m
C is specifically recognized by the mRNA export adaptor ALYREF as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. NSUN2 modulates ALYREF's nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, RNA-binding affinity and associated mRNA export. Dysregulation of ALYREF-mediated mRNA export upon NSUN2 depletion could be restored by reconstitution of wild-type but not methyltransferase-defective NSUN2. Our study provides comprehensive m
C profiles of mammalian transcriptomes and suggests an essential role for m
C modification in mRNA export and post-transcriptional regulation.
Microalgae have high potential to remove inorganic nutrients from wastewater and to produce biodiesel. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on growth, nutrient uptake, and lipid ...accumulation of a freshwater microalga
Scenedesmus sp. LX1 were studied.
Scenedesmus sp. LX1’s growth was in accordance with the Monod model. The following Monod parameters were obtained: the N- and P-saturated maximum growth rate was 2.21
×
10
6
cells
mL
−1
d
−1, and the half-saturation constants of N and P uptake were 12.1
mg
L
−1 and 0.27
mg
L
−1, respectively. In the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of 5:1–12:1, 83–99% nitrogen and 99% phosphorus could be removed. In conditions of nitrogen (2.5
mg
L
−1) or phosphorus (0.1
mg
L
−1) limitation,
Scenedesmus sp. LX1 could accumulate lipids to as high as 30% and 53%, respectively, of its algal biomass. The lipid productivity/unit volume of culture, however, was not enhanced. Further research should be made on how to enhance both lipid content and lipid productivity.
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved and fundamental process during which the maternal environment is converted to an environment of embryonic-driven development through dramatic ...reprogramming. However, how maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein, through genome-wide profiling of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in zebrafish early embryos, we found that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs display higher stability than non-m5C-modified mRNAs during MZT. We discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (Ybx1) preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs through π-π interactions with a key residue, Trp45, in Ybx1’s cold shock domain (CSD), which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Together with the mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a, Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates an unexpected mechanism of RNA m5C-regulated maternal mRNA stabilization during zebrafish MZT, highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA modification in early development.
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•RNA-BisSeq revealed a dynamic RNA m5C landscape during zebrafish embryogenesis•Ybx1 preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs•Ybx1 deficiency leads to early gastrulation defects in zebrafish embryos•Ybx1 and Pabpc1a coordinately regulate m5C-modified maternal mRNA stability
RNA modifications exert important effects in many critical physiological processes. Using RNA-BisSeq, Yang et al. provide a comprehensive view of the RNA m5C landscape in zebrafish early embryos and show that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs are stabilized by Ybx1 and Pabpc1a during zebrafish MZT.
The practical synthesis of P-stereogenic tertiary phosphines, which have wide applications in asymmetric catalysis, materials, and pharmaceutical chemistry, represents a significant challenge. A ...regio- and enantioselective hydrophosphination using cheap and ubiquitous alkynes catalyzed by a nickel complex was designed, in which the toxic and air-sensitive secondary phosphines were prepared in situ from bench-stable secondary phosphine oxides. This methodology has been demonstrated with unprecedented substrate scope and functional group compatibility to afford electronically and structurally diversified P(III) compounds. The products could be easily converted into various precursors of bidentate ligands and organocatalysts, as well as a variety of transition-metal complexes containing both P- and metal-stereogenic centers.
A procedure for the synthesis of three‐dimensional hexakisimidazolium cage compounds has been developed. The reaction of the trigonal trisimidazolium salts H3L(PF6)3, decorated with three N‐olefinic ...pendants, and silver oxide yielded trinuclear trisilver(I) hexacarbene molecular cylinders of the type Ag3L23+ with the olefinic pendants from the two different tricarbene ligands arranged in three pairs. Subsequent UV irradiation gave three cyclobutane links between the two tris‐NHC ligands in three 2+2 cycloaddition reactions, thereby generating a three‐dimensional hexakis‐NHC ligand. Removal of the metal ions resulted in the formation of three‐dimensional hexakisimidazolium cages with a large internal cavity.
All good things come in threes: An efficient template synthesis has been developed for the preparation of three‐dimensional hexakisimidazolium cage compounds starting from trigonal trisimidazolium salts decorated with three N‐olefinic pendants and silver ions as metal templates.
This paper gives an overview of the majorization-minimization (MM) algorithmic framework, which can provide guidance in deriving problem-driven algorithms with low computational cost. A general ...introduction of MM is presented, including a description of the basic principle and its convergence results. The extensions, acceleration schemes, and connection to other algorithmic frameworks are also covered. To bridge the gap between theory and practice, upperbounds for a large number of basic functions, derived based on the Taylor expansion, convexity, and special inequalities, are provided as ingredients for constructing surrogate functions. With the pre-requisites established, the way of applying MM to solving specific problems is elaborated by a wide range of applications in signal processing, communications, and machine learning.
The recent theory-orientated discovery of record high-temperature superconductivity (Tc∼250 K) in sodalitelike clathrate LaH10 is an important advance toward room-temperature superconductors. Here, ...we identify an alternative clathrate structure in ternary Li2MgH16 with a remarkably high estimated Tc of ∼473 K at 250 GPa, which may allow us to obtain room-temperature or even higher-temperature superconductivity. The ternary compound mimics a Li- or electron-doped binary hydride of MgH16. The parent hydride contains H2 molecules and is not a good superconductor. The extra electrons introduced break up the H2 molecules, increasing the amount of atomic hydrogen compared with the parent hydride, which is necessary for stabilizing the clathrate structure or other high-Tc structures. Our results provide a viable strategy for tuning the superconductivity of hydrogen-rich hydrides by donating electrons to hydrides via metal doping. Our approach may pave the way for finding high-Tc superconductors in a variety of ternary or quaternary hydrides.
Background
Accurate glioma grading plays an important role in the clinical management of patients and is also the basis of molecular stratification nowadays.
Purpose/Hypothesis
To verify the ...superiority of radiomics features extracted from multiparametric MRI to glioma grading and evaluate the grading potential of different MRI sequences or parametric maps.
Study Type
Retrospective; radiomics.
Population
A total of 153 patients including 42, 33, and 78 patients with Grades II, III, and IV gliomas, respectively.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0T MRI/T1‐weighted images before and after contrast‐enhanced, T2‐weighted, multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted and 3D arterial spin labeling images.
Assessment
After multiparametric MRI preprocessing, high‐throughput features were derived from patients' volumes of interests (VOIs). The support vector machine‐based recursive feature elimination was adopted to find the optimal features for low‐grade glioma (LGG) vs. high‐grade glioma (HGG), and Grade III vs. IV glioma classification tasks. Then support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were established using the optimal features. The accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the grading efficiency.
Statistical Tests
Student's t‐test or a chi‐square test were applied on different clinical characteristics to confirm whether intergroup significant differences exist.
Results
Patients' ages between LGG and HGG groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). For each patient, 420 texture and 90 histogram parameters were derived from 10 VOIs of multiparametric MRI. SVM models were established using 30 and 28 optimal features for classifying LGGs from HGGs and grades III from IV, respectively. The accuracies/AUCs were 96.8%/0.987 for classifying LGGs from HGGs, and 98.1%/0.992 for classifying grades III from IV, which were more promising than using histogram parameters or using the single sequence MRI.
Data Conclusion
Texture features were more effective for noninvasively grading gliomas than histogram parameters. The combined application of multiparametric MRI provided a higher grading efficiency. The proposed radiomic strategy could facilitate clinical decision‐making for patients with varied glioma grades.
Level of Evidence: 3
Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:1518–1528
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