As China’s position in the international arena continues to rise, and its interaction with the rest of the world increases, Chinese language international education has received widespread attention ...and developed rapidly. Based on information fusion technology, this paper constructs a vocabulary frequency analysis model that combines Bayesian estimation and D-S evidential reasoning, specifically used to calculate the hotness value of Chinese language international education. In the in-depth analysis of the Chinese language international education field, high-frequency words reflect the core themes in teaching and learning. At the same time, centrality indicates the degree of interconnection among the research themes. In the in-depth analysis of the Chinese international Education field, high-frequency vocabulary reflects the core teaching and learning themes, and the centrality indicates the degree of interconnection among the research themes. The frequency of Chinese as a foreign language is as high as 170 times, with centrality reaching 0.33, and these high-frequency keywords constitute the cornerstone of the development of Chinese international Education in China. When analyzing the data of the foreign students coming to China, it is found that the Number of Asian students accounted for 59.29% of the total number of 274976 students by the end of the study period. By 2022, the number of colleges and universities enrolling international students in China will increase to 831, and the Chinese global education market will reach 7.56 billion yuan in 2022, showing a saturated market status. The information fusion technology adopted in this paper not only reveals the development trend of Chinese international Education, but also provides a powerful analytical tool to promote the high-quality development of this field. A powerful analyzing tool.
The recent human infection with avian influenza virus revealed that H9N2 influenza virus is the gene donor for H7N9 and H10N8 viruses infecting humans. The crucial role of H9N2 viruses at the ...animal-human interface might be due to the wide host range, adaptation in both poultry and mammalian, and extensive gene reassortment. As the most prevalent subtype of influenza viruses in chickens in China, H9N2 also causes a great economic loss for the poultry industry, even under the long-term vaccination programs. The history, epidemiology, bio- logical characteristics, and molecular determinants of H9N2 influenza virus are reviewed in this paper. The contribution of H9N2 genes, especially RNP genes, to the infection of humans needs to be investigated in the future.
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered to be the next-generation lithium-ion battery technology due to their enhanced energy density and safety. However, the high electronic conductivity of ...solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) leads to Li dendrite nucleation and proliferation. Uneven electric-field distribution resulting from poor interfacial contact can further promote dendritic deposition and lead to rapid short circuiting of SSBs. Herein, we propose a flexible electron-blocking interfacial shield (EBS) to protect garnet electrolytes from the electronic degradation. The EBS formed by an in-situ substitution reaction can not only increase lithiophilicity but also stabilize the Li volume change, maintaining the integrity of the interface during repeated cycling. Density functional theory calculations show a high electron-tunneling energy barrier from Li metal to the EBS, indicating an excellent capacity for electron-blocking. EBS protected cells exhibit an improved critical current density of 1.2 mA cm
and stable cycling for over 400 h at 1 mA cm
(1 mAh cm
) at room temperature. These results demonstrate an effective strategy for the suppression of Li dendrites and present fresh insight into the rational design of the SSE and Li metal interface.
Metallic Li is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next‐generation batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its ...commercialization has been impeded by the severe safety issues associated with Li‐dendrite growth. Non‐uniform Li‐ion flux on the Li‐metal surface and the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the Li plating/stripping process lead to the growth of dendritic and mossy Li structures that deteriorate the cycling performance and can cause short‐circuits. Herein, an ultrathin polymer film of “polyurea” as an artificial SEI layer for Li‐metal anodes via molecular‐layer deposition (MLD) is reported. Abundant polar groups in polyurea can redistribute the Li‐ion flux and lead to a uniform plating/stripping process. As a result, the dendritic Li growth during cycling is efficiently suppressed and the life span is significantly prolonged (three times longer than bare Li at a current density of 3 mA cm−2). Moreover, the detailed surface and interfacial chemistry of Li metal are studied comprehensively. This work provides deep insights into the design of artificial SEI coatings for Li metal and progress toward realizing next‐generation Li‐metal batteries.
An ultrathin organic “polyurea” coating is fabricated as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for metallic Li anodes, exhibiting stable Li plating/stripping behavior and significantly prolonged life span, without the formation of undesired mossy/dendritic structures. In addition to electrochemical testing, a comprehensive study on the electrode surface and interface reveals the unique advantages of this novel organic protective film.
High-energy Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials such as LiNi
Mn
Co
O
(NMC811) suffer from detrimental side reactions and interfacial structural instability when coupled with sulfide solid-state ...electrolytes in all-solid-state lithium-based batteries. To circumvent this issue, here we propose a gradient coating of the NMC811 particles with lithium oxy-thiophosphate (Li
P
O
S
). Via atomic layer deposition of Li
PO
and subsequent in situ formation of a gradient Li
P
O
S
coating, a precise and conformal covering for NMC811 particles is obtained. The tailored surface structure and chemistry of NMC811 hinder the structural degradation associated with the layered-to-spinel transformation in the grain boundaries and effectively stabilize the cathode|solid electrolyte interface during cycling. Indeed, when tested in combination with an indium metal negative electrode and a Li
GeP
S
solid electrolyte, the gradient oxy-thiophosphate-coated NCM811-based positive electrode enables the delivery of a specific discharge capacity of 128 mAh/g after almost 250 cycles at 0.178 mA/cm
and 25 °C.
A novel design method based on a novel origami process that can create a solid structure swiftly and at a low cost is presented for rectangular waveguide-type microwave devices in this paper. A ...planar structure was fabricated by the lamination and laser cutting of polystyrene membranes and aluminum foils and was converted into a solid structure via origami in accordance with the selective absorption of infrared light. A rectangular waveguide, a rectangular waveguide-type coupler, and a power divider based on an origami structure with a multi-layer structure and a single-layer structure were fabricated and tested, demonstrating easy assembly and good microwave performance. The measured results of the rectangular waveguide indicated that the insertion loss was superior to -0.9 dB. Meanwhile, the results of the coupler showed that the coupling degree increased from -12.8 dB to -8.9 dB in the range of 11.0 GHz to 12.0 GHz. Correspondingly, the prepared power divider demonstrated that the return loss dwindled from -8.9 dB to -11.3 dB and that the insertion loss of one output port was approximate to that of the remaining one, varying between -3.5 dB and -5.2 dB in the range of 10.5 GHz to 11.5 GHz-verifying the effectiveness of the origami-based design method.
Many cellular genes and networks induced in human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza virus remain uncharacterized. Here, we find that p21 levels are elevated in response to influenza A ...virus (IAV) infection, which is independent of p53. Silencing, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of p21 promotes virus replication in vitro and in vivo, indicating that p21 is an influenza restriction factor. Mechanistically, p21 binds to the C-terminus of IAV polymerase subunit PA and competes with PB1 to limit IAV polymerase activity. Besides, p21 promotes IRF3 activation by blocking K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of HO-1 to enhance type I interferons expression. Furthermore, a synthetic p21 peptide (amino acids 36 to 43) significantly inhibits IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal that p21 restricts IAV by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and activating the host innate immune response, which may aid the design of desperately needed new antiviral therapeutics.
The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant’s internal genes. However, it is ...not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010–2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.
As 5G small cells gradually become the main force of 5G indoor deployment, it is necessary to study channel estimators for 5G small base stations, but there has been limited research on ...high-performance channel estimators in recent years. This study implemented a low-delay, low-overhead, relatively universal channel estimation module by dedicated instruction set acceleration including reference signal estimation, Wiener, 1st order, and 2nd order interpolations in frequency and time domains. The instruction level acceleration is on our vector processor, yet is suitable for other commercial and academic vector processors. Through instruction acceleration, compared with the existing general vector processing instruction sets, the processor performance of the LS estimation module and Wiener filter interpolation in the frequency domain is improved by 50% and 37.5%, respectively. The BER VS SNR measure of time-frequency Wiener filter interpolation achieves 4 db compared with linear interpolation, meaning our instruction level acceleration can be an optimum solution.
Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to extract features and reduce dimensionality in various computer vision and image/video processing tasks. Conventional approaches either lack ...robustness to outliers and corrupted data or are designed for one-dimensional signals. To address this problem, we propose a robust PCA model for two-dimensional images incorporating structured sparse priors, referred to as structured sparse 2D-PCA. This robust model considers the prior of structured and grouped pixel values in two dimensions. As the proposed formulation is jointly nonconvex and nonsmooth, which is difficult to tackle by joint optimization, we develop a two-stage alternating minimization approach to solve the problem. This approach iteratively learns the projection matrices by bidirectional decomposition and utilizes the proximal method to obtain the structured sparse outliers. By considering the structured sparsity prior, the proposed model becomes less sensitive to noisy data and outliers in two dimensions. Moreover, the computational cost indicates that the robust two-dimensional model is capable of processing quarter common intermediate format video in real time, as well as handling large-size images and videos, which is often intractable with other robust PCA approaches that involve image-to-vector conversion. Experimental results on robust face reconstruction, video background subtraction data set, and real-world videos show the effectiveness of the proposed model compared with conventional 2D-PCA and other robust PCA algorithms.
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