A 15-year-old captive female Urutu snake (Bothrops alternatus) was presented with anorexia, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes and marked enlargement of the caudal third of the coelomic ...cavity. Radiographs and ultrasonography were suggestive of faecal impaction or neoplasia. Post-mortem findings consisted of solid faecal impaction of the intestines, secondary to obstruction caused by a rectal tumour. Cytological examination of impression smears of the tumour revealed polygonal to round neoplastic cells arranged in clusters in an abundant extracellular mucinous matrix. Histologically, there was transmural growth of neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in small nests or individually and immersed in abundant extracellular mucin lakes. The neoplastic cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin. Clinical and pathological aspects indicated a diagnosis of mucinous rectal adenocarcinoma.
Background
Anthropogenic disturbances are the main threats to nonhuman primates conservation, and infectious diseases may also play a key role in primate population decline. This study aimed to ...determine the main causes of death in neotropical primates.
Methods
A retrospective study of post‐mortem examinations was conducted on 146 neotropical primates between January 2000 and December 2018.
Results
Conclusive diagnoses were obtained in 68.5% of the cases, of which 59 corresponded to non‐infectious causes and 41 to infectious diseases. Trauma was the main cause of death (54/100), with anthropogenic stressors caused by blunt force trauma injuries (collision with vehicles) and puncture wound injuries associated with interspecific aggression (dog predation) were the most common factors. Other causes of death included bacterial diseases (27%), followed by parasitic diseases (12%), neoplasms (2%), and viral diseases (2%).
Conclusions
Free‐ranging primates were mostly affected by non‐infectious causes, while captive primates were by infectious conditions.
Fatal hypothermia represents a diagnostic challenge in veterinary pathology. Wischnewski spots (WS) and black oesophagus (BO) have been described in human cases of fatal hypothermia but rarely in ...animals. We now describe WS and BO in suspected fatal hypothermia in a free-ranging brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) and a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Both animals had dark spots resembling WS on the gastric mucosa and the monkey also had BO with haematin deposition. In both cases, stress factors and relatively cold environmental conditions were present prior to death.
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and combined peripheral resistance to the hormone. Several non-human primates (NHP) species develop T2DM, mainly ...captive animals with reduced physical activity and incorrect feeding. This case report describes the T2DM treatment of a black-eared marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) by diet reformulation and metformin oral administration. An adult female was diagnosed with T2DM after hyperglycemia and high serum fructosamine associated with glycosuria and obesity. Metformin hydrochloride (125mg/animal, orally, q24h) associated with feeding intervention was started. After 26 days, a significant reduction in weight, glycemia, and serum fructosamine could be observed, showing satisfactory results for the adopted therapy. Metformin is considered a safe drug for T2DM treatment due to its low hypoglycemia risk. The new diet consisted of sweet potato, squash, and varied fruits offered twice daily. In addition, thawed-mice newborns, egg whites, and small portions of pelleted primate food. In the present report, metformin use, associated with a low glycemic index diet, was effective in treating this particular marmoset and may present a potential for T2DM treatment in other NHPs.
RESUMO: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) caracteriza-se por uma combinação de defeitos na secreção de insulina e resistência periférica ao hormônio. Diversas espécies de primatas não humanos (PNH) desenvolvem DM2, sobretudo animais cativos com atividade física reduzida e alimentados incorretamente. Este trabalho descreve o tratamento de DM2 em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata), através da reformulação da dieta e administração oral de metformina. Uma fêmea adulta foi diagnosticada com DM2 após apresentar hiperglicemia e frutosaminemia elevadas associadas à glicosúria e à obesidade. Iniciou-se o uso do cloridrato de metformina (125mg/animal, VO, SID) associado ao controle de consumo alimentar com ajustes da dieta. Após 26 dias pode-se observar redução significativa de peso, adequação da glicemia e frutosaminemia, constatando resultado satisfatório da terapêutica adotada. A metformina é considerada um medicamento seguro para o tratamento de DM2, devido ao baixo risco de hipoglicemia. A base da nova dieta era batata-doce, abóbora e frutas variadas oferecidas duas vezes ao dia. Além disso, camundongos recém-nascidos descongelados, clara de ovo e pequenas porções de ração primata peletizada. No presente relato, a metformina associada a uma dieta com baixo índice glicêmico, foi eficaz para tratamento de DM2 podendo apresentar potencial terapêutico de DM2 em outros PNH.
Pertencentes a Ordem Testudines e Família Testudinidae, os jabutis são répteis de hábitos terrestres, que estão distribuídos por diversos países tropicais, habitando também o Brasil. O jabuti-piranga ...(Chelonoidis carbonarius) se destaca como espécie frequentemente encontrada em cativeiro, seja por necessidade de manutenção de indivíduos que não podem voltar à vida livre ou por proprietários particulares que os mantém como pet. A manutenção destes animais em cativeiro requer conhecimento de seus hábitos e necessidades particulares, o que não ocorre na maioria dos casos. Devido à falta de conhecimento ou ausência de estrutura necessária, muitos animais acabam por desenvolver distúrbios relacionados à alimentação, estímulos ambientais, temperatura, substrato ou ambiente inadequados em que são mantidos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar o caso de uma penectomia e celiotomia exploratória em um jabuti (Chelonoidis carbonarius) cativo, que apresentava apatia, anorexia e sinais clínicos compatíveis com prolapso peniano.
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