We have fabricated (Sr,Na)Fe2As2 tapes by using AgSn alloy as a sheath material. In the tape sintered at 750°C, transport Jc reached 47 kA/cm2 at 4.2 K and 50 kOe, which is larger than that of the ...Ag-sheathed (Sr,Na)Fe2As2 tape. This result indicates that we have succeeded in reducing the sintering temperature by more than 100°C keeping the high Jc value, which is very promising for practical applications. In the SEM images of polished longitudinal cross section of the tapes, the improvement of interface flatness by using AgSn alloy as a sheath material is confirmed.
The carrier-doping dependence of Jc in Ba1-xKxFe2As2 single crystals and superconducting wires were investigated. Ba1-xKxFe2As2 single crystals (0.24 < x < 0.4) are synthesized by commonly used FeAs ...self-flux method, while Ba1-xKxFe2As2 wires are fabricated by powder-in-tube (PIT) method and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technique, using polycrystalline Ba1-xKxFe2As2 (0.25 < x < 0.4) prepared by solid state reaction and silver and copper tubes. Their magnetic Jc was characterized by magnetization measurements. We found that the x-dependence of Jc in single crystals shows the peak in under-doped region around x ~ 0.28 similar to previous study. In the HIP wire, although significant peak is not observed, Jc shows a broad plateau in a wide doping region of 0.3 < x < 0.4. These results indicate that Jc in the under-doped Ba1-xKxFe2As2 HIP wire is controlled by interglanular Jc.
To provide an overview of how electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) practice in Japan has changed as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues.
We surveyed healthcare institutions, ...primarily university and general hospitals, regarding changes in the number of patients undergoing ECT and infection control measures in the early (August 2020) and recent (August 2021) stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for the early and recent stages were also compared between urban and non-urban areas.
Among 32 facilities, the number of patients undergoing ECT decreased in 11 facilities (34.4%) from April 2020 to March 2021 compared with the previous year, whereas the number increased in 12 (37.5%) from April to June 2021 compared with the previous year. As of August 2021, some facilities had ongoing restrictions. Compared with non-urban facilities, the number of patients undergoing ECT decreased more in urban facilities, which also had more ECT restrictions. Maintenance ECT was used at the same rate as before the pandemic for 23 (82.1%) of 28 institutions. Regarding infection control measures, many facilities considered polymerase chain reaction testing before ECT and required all staff to wear surgical masks and eye shields during ECT.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Japan greatly affected the use of ECT in 2020; however, by the summer of 2021, infection control measures were relatively well established, the number of ECT cases stabilized and increased, and the decision to use ECT was again possible.
To estimate the health-promoting effects of
(previously
) strain Shirota (LcS) that reached the lower gastrointestinal tract alive, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome, organic acid ...profiles, defecatory symptoms and serum viral antibody indexes of healthy Japanese adults between the group in whom live LcS was detected or not from stool. The β-diversity index of the gut microbiome constituted a significant difference between the live-LcS-detected-group (LLD) and the live-LcS-not-detected-group (LLnD). In the LLD, the
, and
counts were significantly higher, and the succinate concentration was significantly lower than that in the LLnD. The serum herpes simplex virus (HSV) immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody index in the LLD tended to be lower than that of the LLnD in HSV IgG-positive subjects. Of the LLD, those in the fermented milk products containing LcS (FML)-high-frequency-group (FML-HF) and those in the FML-low-frequency-group (FML-LF) had different gut microbiome and organic acid profiles. However, the pattern of differences between FML-HF and FML-LF was dissimilar those between LLD and LLnD. In contrast, among subjects with FML-LF, those in the group with LLD in stool (LF-LLD) and those in the LLnD in stool (LF-LLnD) showed a similar pattern of differences in their gut microbiome and organic acid profiles as those in the LLnD and LLD. The LLD and LF-LLD commonly had lower caloric and carbohydrate intakes from the diet than their respective control groups. In this study, we found that the presence of live LcS in stool is associated with a healthy gut environment and inhibition of the reactivation of latently infected viruses in the host. However, these health-promoting effects on the host were not related to the frequency of FML intake. Furthermore, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and diet including caloric intake was related to the viability of ingested LcS in the gut.
Many authors have questioned the use of the index of the vector field, and of the Chern classes, if the underlying space becomes singular. This book discusses their explorations within the framework ...of the obstruction theory and the Chern-Weil theory.
Technology to atomically flatten the silicon surface on (100) orientation large-diameter wafer and the formation technology of an atomically flat insulator film/silicon interface are developed in ...this paper. Atomically flat silicon surfaces composed of atomic terraces and steps are obtained on (100) orientation 200-mm-diameter wafers by annealing in pure argon ambience at 1200 deg C for 30 min. Atomically flat surfaces with various terrace widths and step structures are observed by atomic force microscopy. It is found that the atomic terrace width changes widely with an off angle of the wafer surface from the (100) lattice plane. It is also found that the direction of the off angle significantly affects the atomically flat surface morphology, i.e., when the directions of the off angles are parallel to the directions, the step structure is composed of alternating pairs of straight and triangular steps. When the directions of the off angles are parallel to the directions, the step structure is composed of only straight steps. By precise control of the off angle and the direction toward the directions for a 200-mm-diameter silicon wafer, we have succeeded in fabricating an atomically flat surface with straight atomic steps and a very uniform terrace width of 140-150 nm on the entire surface of a large-diameter silicon wafer. Furthermore, it is found that only radical-reaction-based insulator film formation technology, such as oxidation utilizing oxygen radicals carried out at a low temperature (400 deg C ), preserves the atomic flatness of the insulator film/silicon interface. Finally, when MOSFETs are fabricated with an atomically flat interface, they exhibit near ideal subthreshold swing factors, with much smaller fluctuation, extremely lower 1/ f noise, and higher MOS dielectric breakdown field intensity compared with MOSFETs fabricated with conventional technologies.
PDF
