The Danubian provinces represent one of the largest macro-units within the Roman Empire, with a large and rich heritage of Roman material evidence. Although the notion itself is a modern 18th-century ...creation, this region represents a unique area, where the dominant, pre-Roman cultures (Celtic, Illyrian, Hellenistic, Thracian) are interconnected within the new administrative, economic and cultural units of Roman cities, provinces and extra-provincial networks. This book presents the material evidence of Roman religion in the Danubian provinces through a new, paradigmatic methodology, focusing not only on the traditional urban and provincial units of the Roman Empire, but on a new space taxonomy. Roman religion and its sacralized places are presented in macro-, meso- and micro-spaces of a dynamic empire, which shaped Roman religion in the 1st-3rd centuries AD and created a large number of religious glocalizations and appropriations in Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia Superior, Pannonia Inferior, Moesia Superior, Moesia Inferior and Dacia.Combining the methodological approaches of Roman provincial archaeology and religious studies, this work intends to provoke a dialogue between disciplines rarely used together in central-east Europe and beyond. The material evidence of Roman religion is interpreted here as a dynamic agent in religious communication, shaped by macro-spaces, extra-provincial routes, commercial networks, but also by the formation and constant dynamics of small group religions interconnected within this region through human and material mobilities. The book will also present for the first time a comprehensive list of sacralized spaces and divinities in the Danubian provinces.
Peroxynitrite--the product of the diffusion-controlled reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide radical--is a short-lived oxidant species that is a potent inducer of cell death. Conditions in which ...the reaction products of peroxynitrite have been detected and in which pharmacological inhibition of its formation or its decomposition have been shown to be of benefit include vascular diseases, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, circulatory shock, inflammation, pain and neurodegeneration. In this Review, we first discuss the biochemistry and pathophysiology of peroxynitrite and then focus on pharmacological strategies to attenuate the toxic effects of peroxynitrite. These include its catalytic reduction to nitrite and its isomerization to nitrate by metalloporphyrins, which have led to potential candidates for drug development for cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Review: Mihai Bărbulescu, Istoria arheologiei în România, Civilizația românească nr. 33, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2022, 490 pp. ISBN: 978-606-27-3660-6.
The three endogenous gaseous transmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - regulate a number of key biological functions. Emerging data have revealed several new ...mechanisms for each of these three gasotransmitters in tumour biology. It is now appreciated that they show bimodal pharmacological character in cancer, in that not only the inhibition of their biosynthesis but also elevation of their concentration beyond a certain threshold can exert anticancer effects. This Review discusses the role of each gasotransmitter in cancer and the effects of pharmacological agents - some of which are in early-stage clinical studies - that modulate the levels of each gasotransmitter. A clearer understanding of the pharmacological character of these three gases and the mechanisms underlying their biological effects is expected to guide further clinical translation.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are involved in the regulation of many cellular functions. Three consequences of the activation of PARP1, which is the main isoform of the PARP family, are ...particularly important for drug development: first, its role in DNA repair; second, its capacity to deplete cellular energetic pools, which culminates in cell dysfunction and necrosis; and third, its capacity to promote the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Consequently, pharmacological inhibitors of PARP have the potential to enhance the cytotoxicity of certain DNA-damaging anticancer drugs, reduce parenchymal cell necrosis (for example, in stroke or myocardial infarction) and downregulate multiple simultaneous pathways of inflammation and tissue injury (for example, in circulatory shock, colitis or diabetic complications). The first ultrapotent novel PARP inhibitors have now entered human clinical trials. This article presents an overview of the principal pathophysiological pathways and mechanisms that are governed by PARP, followed by the main structures and therapeutic actions of various classes of novel PARP inhibitors.
This volume focusses on the life and academic heritage of András Bodor (1915-1999), a classicist from Transylvania. Based on a large number of unpublished documents and the major works of Bodor, the ...book reconstructs the life of a classicist from the periphery of Europe, a region that changed many times during the 20th century.
The common agricultural policy accounts for more than 38% of the European Union’s budget. In the 2014–2020 cycle, 8.9 billion euros went in Hungary to the first pillar and 4.1 billion euros to the ...second pillar for rural development, the mobilization of which was coordinated by the Rural Development Programme. The second pillar of the Common Agricultural Policy plays an important role in catching up with the lagging and depopulated Hungarian countryside. It serves key objectives such as sustainable environmental management, strengthening and diversifying the rural economy, or a fair standard of living. In my dissertation, I explore the territorial distribution of the payments of the rural development programme between 2015 and 2019 and how it affects unemployment and incomes.
Damjan Donev, The Busy Periphery: Urban Systems of the Balkan and Danube Provinces (2nd – 3rd c. AD), Archaeopress, Roman Archaeology Series 61, Oxford, 2019, ISBN-10: 1789693497, 380. p.
Scheidel, Walter (ed.), The Science of Roman History. Biology, Climate and the Future of the Past, Princeton/Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-0-691-16256-0, 260 p.
Peroxynitrite is a reactive oxidant produced from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide, which reacts with a variety of biomolecules including proteins, lipids and DNA. Peroxynitrite is produced by the ...body in response to a variety of toxicologically relevant molecules including environmental toxins. It is also produced by the body in response to environmental toxins, as well as in reperfusion injury and inflammation. Here we overview the multiple pathways of peroxynitrite cytotoxicity. Initiation of lipid peroxidation, direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibition of membrane Na
+/K
+ ATP-ase activity, inactivation of membrane sodium channels, and other oxidative protein modifications contribute to the cytotoxic effect of peroxynitrite. In addition, peroxynitrite is a potent trigger of DNA strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly-ADP ribosyl synthetase or polymerase (PARP), with eventual severe energy depletion and necrosis of the cells. Studies conducted with peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts suggest that neutralization of peroxynitrite is of significant therapeutic benefit after exposure to various environmental toxins as well as in a variety of inflammatory and reperfusion disease conditions.
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