Planned intensive livestock operations (ILOs) are often the subject of protests from the local communities due to the possible negative impacts. Active participation of local people occurs at an ...early stage of investment process, i.e. environmental impact assessment (EIA). The aim of this paper is to reveal the strength of influence from the protesting residents on the environmental proceedings for intensive livestock operations, the knowledge that local people bring to the proceedings and whether - finally - environmental conditions are established, giving the green light to the investment. The results showed that the EIA in Poland mainly endorses technocratic rationality and does not include comprehensive assessment of social impact (SIA). Yet, owing to the opposition from the local inhabitants, who bring into the EIA procedure, concerning ILOs, their value-based and experiential knowledge, local authorities often refuse to establish the environmental conditions for the potential investors. In practice the opposition from the inhabitants leads to the broadening of the scope of SIA in the framework of EIA. This means, however, that the environmental procedures get more complex and controversial from the legal point of view. Ultimately, the majority of the analysed instances of ILO projects, against which the local inhabitants protested, got blocked at the procedural stage of EIA.
•Exploring the role of experiential and value-based knowledge in environmental decision-making.•The legal model of EIA in Poland does not empower such knowledge in decision-making and marginalises SIA.•Local authorities take into account the voice of residents in the EIA despite insufficient legal prerequisites.•Public protests have a decisive influence on the extension of SIA in the frames of environmental proceedings for ILOs.•As a result of local community's protest the projects of livestock farms are often blocked at the EIA stage.
A profile of the Polish rural NIMBYist Dmochowska-Dudek, Karolina; Bednarek-Szczepańska, Maria
Journal of rural studies,
February 2018, 2018-02-00, 20180201, Letnik:
58
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article presents the key results of work which was carried out in rural areas and small towns in Poland in the years 2013-16, and was concerned with the so-called NIMBY syndrome. The latter is ...associated with socio-spatial conflicts and takes in a certain group of interlinked events and behaviours relating to plans or decisions as regards the locating of new unwanted or undesirable developments. NIMBY-type buildings or items of infrastructure are regarded by local communities as potentially harmful, even if their installation and operation is needed by society as a whole (hence the original phrase ”yes, but Not In My Back Yard). The work described here has sought to consider the profile of the Polish rural NIMYist, and the conditioning and specific nature of the NIMBY syndrome in terms of its social dimension.
•The construction of logistic regression model which define NIMBYist profile.•Mostly “disruption of place” influences the NIMBY behaviour.•Place attachement and place identity play the key role in NIMBY phenomenon.•A typical activeness among Polish rural NIMBYists is ad hoc action.
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) have been recommended as the preferred vascular access for pediatric patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), but data comparing AVFs with other access types are ...scant. We studied vascular access choice, placement, complications, and outcomes in children.
Prospective observational cohort study.
552 children and adolescents from 27 countries on maintenance HD followed up prospectively by the International Pediatric HD Network (IPHN) Registry between 2012 and 2017.
Type of vascular access: AVF, central venous catheter (CVC), or arteriovenous graft.
Infectious and noninfectious vascular access complication rates, dialysis performance, biochemical and hematologic parameters, and clinical outcomes.
Univariate and multivariable linear mixed models, generalized linear mixed models, and proportional hazards models; cumulative incidence functions.
During 314 cumulative patient-years, 628 CVCs, 225 AVFs, and 17 arteriovenous grafts were placed. One-third of the children with an AVF required a temporary CVC until fistula maturation. Vascular access choice was associated with age and expectations for early transplantation. There was a 3-fold higher living related transplantation rate and lower median time to transplantation of 14 (IQR, 6-23) versus 20 (IQR, 14-36) months with CVCs compared with AVFs. Higher blood flow rates and Kt/Vurea were achieved with AVFs than with CVCs. Infectious complications were reported only with CVCs (1.3/1,000 catheter-days) and required vascular access replacement in 47%. CVC dysfunction rates were 2.5/1,000 catheter-days compared to 1.2/1,000 fistula-days. CVCs required 82% more revisions and almost 3-fold more vascular access replacements to a different site than AVFs (P<0.001).
Clinical rather than population-based data.
CVCs are the predominant vascular access choice in children receiving HD within the IPHN. Age-related anatomical limitations and expected early living related transplantation were associated with CVC use. CVCs were associated with poorer dialysis efficacy, higher complication rates, and more frequent need for vascular access replacement. Such findings call for a re-evaluation of pediatric CVC use and practices.
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is characterized by an impaired ability of the distal tubule to excrete acid, leading to metabolic acidosis. Associated complications include bone ...disease, growth failure, urolithiasis and hypokalaemia. Due to its rarity, there is limited evidence to guide diagnosis and management; however, available data strongly suggest that metabolic control of the acidosis by alkali supplementation can halt or revert almost all complications. Despite this, cohort studies show that adequate metabolic control is present in only about half of patients, highlighting problems with treatment provision or adherence. With these clinical practice points the authors, part of the working groups tubulopathies in the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference network and inherited kidney diseases of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology, aim to provide guidance for the management of patients with dRTA to facilitate adequate treatment and establish an initial best practice standard against which treatment of patients can be audited.
The article concerns the legal dimension of local communities’ participation in selected aspects of shaping space in Poland. The results of the review of legal regulations are presented, including ...interpretations of regulations made by other authors. Examples taken from previous research were used to show the functioning of these regulations in practice and their consequences. The aim of the article is to assess the legal conditions for the participation of local communities in spatial planning, planning of protected areas and location of investments in Poland, in relation to selected theoretical concepts, as well as to assess the consequences of these conditions. In the legal dimension, the participation of the local community in shaping space is symbolic, in the terminology of the Arnstein ladder. The dominant model is a non-binding opinion on ready-made projects and plans, instead of collaboration in their creation.
Falling is a frequent and major clinical problem among older adults, as well as in patients with chronic cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). At present, sequential (mixed) and simultaneously (dual-task) ...motor-cognitive trainings are the best approaches to affording patients more autonomy in their everyday motor independence while reducing fall risks and consequences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an advanced and innovative dual-task motor-cognitive rehabilitation program on fall risks in vulnerable older persons with chronic CVD. To this purpose, 26 consecutive older fallers with chronic CVD were recruited, and completed a mixed motor-cognitive or a dual-task motor-cognitive training program. Each patient also underwent two test evaluations to assess balance, gait, fear of falling, and walking performance at pre-and post-intervention. We found that our experimental motor-cognitive dual-task rehabilitation program could be an effective method to improve walking balance, gait, walking speed, and fear of falling, while reducing the risk of falls in older people with chronic CVD. Furthermore, results show that the simultaneous motor-cognitive training is more effective than the sequential motor-cognitive training. Therefore, our study brings innovative data, which can contribute positively to the management of this population.
A study of 269 children enrolled into a National Registry for children with persistent glomerular hematuria identified 131 individuals with genetically confirmed X-linked Alport Syndrome. A single ...variant c.1871G>A p.Gly624Asp (G624D) in COL4A5 was predominant and accounted for 39% of X-linked Alport Syndrome in unrelated Polish families (44 of 113). To evaluate its origins, the genetic variation in a 2.79 Mb segment encompassing the COL4A5 locus on chromosome X was assessed. All G624D alleles were found on the same rare haplotype background, indicating a founder effect dating back to the 12-13th century. The phenotypic data of 131 children with X-linked Alport Syndrome and their 195 affected adult relatives revealed that the G624D variant was associated with a significantly milder clinical course in comparison to other pathogenic COL4A5 variants. Furthermore the clinical course of this genetically uniform cohort was milder than that observed in individuals with other COL4A5 missense mutations. In spite of the benign clinical manifestation throughout childhood and early adulthood, the G624D variant confers significant risk for both kidney failure and deafness in males, albeit 20-30 years later than that observed in individuals with other COL4A5 pathogenic variants (50% cumulative risk of starting dialysis at 54 years (95% confidence interval: 50-62) v. 26 years (95% confidence interval: 22-30)). Thus, males with G624D are candidates for existing and emerging therapies for Alport Syndrome.
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is thought to play an important role in cytoskeletal modification and development of the early nervous system. Previously, single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or copy number variations (CNVs) in
have ...been associated with the neurodevelopmental disorder Stocco dos Santos syndrome, but not with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the visceral or the cardiovascular system.
Here, exome sequencing and CNV analyses besides expression studies in zebrafish and mouse and
(KD) experiments using a splice blocking morpholino in zebrafish were performed to study the role of
during embryonic development.
In this study, we identified putative disease-causing SNVs and CNVs in
in six individuals from four families with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the anorectal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems (CNS). Embryonic mouse and zebrafish expression studies showed
expression in the upper and lower urinary tract, the developing cloaca, the heart and the cerebral CNS. KD studies in zebrafish larvae revealed pronephric cysts, anomalies of the cloaca and the heart, decreased eye-to-head ratio and higher mortality compared with controls. These phenotypes could be rescued by co-injection of human wild-type
mRNA and morpholino.
The identified SNVs and CNVs in affected individuals with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, the anorectal, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems, and subsequent embryonic mouse and zebrafish studies suggest
as a developmental gene for different organ systems.
The assessment of assets regarding their potential for tourism development is a well-recognised aspect of quantitative geographic research. This paper confines such matters to environmental and ...landscape-related attributes. The methodological objective is to propose a synthetic index for holistic measurement of a complex system of assets at the local level for Poland’s rural areas, followed by its empirical verification. The natural and landscape-related potential of a given area is perceived broadly, as the aspects involved are diverse and complementary: the quality of the landscape, the value of the environment, forest cover, relief, accessibility to surface waters and local bioclimate. The cognitive advantage of this research project is attained by confronting this index against a measure of tourist movement, as well as classifying rural areas by means of combining both dimensions. A considerable number of communes in Poland are characterised by relatively high potential, albeit they are not being exploited for tourism development to a correspondingly large degree.
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